1. Week 7 Lecture
Film Genres

2. What is a film genre?
A film genre is a structure of story that is repeated again and again. They often have the same settings, character types, conflicts and values
Genres are the means by which we classify the movies that we watch; they give order to the many titles that are created
Genres are usually derived from one of four major components to a film: Setting, Theme, Mood and Format
Setting
Fantasy films
War film
Westerns
Theme
Science Fiction
Art films
Film Noir
Mood
Drama
Comedy
Horror
Thriller
Action and Adventure
Format
Documentary
Animation
Musical

3. How are film genres developed?
Genres are initially developed by a film that is trying to tell a new, original story.
Film studios, in their efforts to repeat previous successes, will make movies that have the same components as previously successful films
Repeated success will lead to more films based on the conventions of the previous film; studios do so because they want to be sure that there will be an audience for a specific film
A genre will not continue if there is not an audience for it
Zombie movies continue to be made because there is a very specific audience who will go and see the movies

4. Why are film genres so popular?
Much in the same way that genre films are created because filmmakers know that there will be an audience for the film (based off the previous film’s success), we as audiences go to see movies based on their genre because we know what to expect
For example: I like to see heist films, I like the twists that come in the story, like in Ocean’s 11. Because I expect to like this style of film, I am likely to go see a new one when it comes out if I feel that it matches the conventions of the genre
The Genre acts as a contract with the audience, they will expect that there will be certain elements in the movie based on its genre, if those elements are not present, the audience will be displeased with the movie
Genres give directors a template to work with when they are creating a story.

5. What are your favorite Genres?

6. The Cycle of a Genre Movie
Gianetti (1999) argues that Genres have 4 major cycles:
Primitive
This phase is usually naïve, though powerful in its emotional impact, in part because of the novelty of the form. Many of the conventions of the genre are established in this phase.
Classical
This intermediate stage embodies such classical ideals as balance, richness, and poise. The genre’s values are assured and widely shared by the audience.
Revisionist
The genre is generally more symbolic, ambiguous, less certain in its values. This phase tends to be stylistically complex, appealing more to the intellect than to the emotions. Often, the genre’s pre-established conventions are exploited as ironic foils to question or undermine popular beliefs
Parodic
This phase of a genre’s development is an outright mockery of its conventions, reducing them to howling clichés and presenting them in a comic manner.
Saw - Revisionist
Scary Movie -- Parodic

7. Genre Conventions
A genre can be identified by the conventions that it shows
Conventions are character types, objects, themes, or settings that occur in the movie
It is very common for films to straddle genres by mixing those conventions

8. Conventions of the Genre: Westerns
Setting: Usually takes place in the American West between 1865 and 1900
Characters
Main character: Loner in Society, rugged individualist; in early films they would often wear a white hat to signify their good nature
Villains: Either outlaws who are bullying the good people in town or Crooks who are putting on the appearance of being respectable (i.e. crooked bankers)
Typical elements (from filmsite.org
Hostile elements (often Native Americans)
Guns and gun fights
Horses, trains
Bank robberies and holdups
Runaway stagecoaches
Shoot-outs and showdowns
Outlaws and sheriffs

9. Conventions of the Genre: Horror
Setting: Spooky places; Places that we are normally afraid of
Characters:
Some kind of evil villain who tries to stalk the main character(s) and kill them
There is less focus on the main character, they are merely a vehicle by which we are introduced to the world of the villain
Conflict: To destroy the evil element and bring the world back into order
Common Elements: Blood and Gore, stylized special effects

10. Sub-Genre
Sub-Genres are developed when films are created to emulate the properties of one particular genre film, rather than the conventions of the genre as a whole
Examples of Sub-Genre
Spaghetti Westerns: Italian Western films made by Sergio Leone
Romantic Comedies: A subset of comedies that have predictable elements that are usually aimed towards women
Zombie Movies: Horror films that focus specifically on Zombies
Mockumentaries: Fake documentaries created after the style first shown in This is Spinal Tap

11. Sequels and Remakes
Sequels and Remakes work in much of the same way that Genre films do
The films are made based on the success of previous efforts
Audiences will most likely go see the film because they have certain expectations about what the film will be like
Audiences are more often than not disappointed in the remake or sequel; this may be due to the fact that the original had authentic ideas, and people are attracted to it because of its freshness, however, that freshness is lost when the film is remade