1. Protein Synthesis - Transcription
One gene – one polypeptide
Step 1 – Transcription
DNA vs. RNA
Three types of RNA
Initiation  Elongation  Termination
Post transcriptional Modifications

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3. How does DNA make proteins?

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5. DNA  Proteins It is a two step process: _____________
- Transcription occurs in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
Translation is the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide using the information encoded in the RNA.

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7. DNA vs. RNA RNA DNA ____________ Double Helix Deoxyribose sugar
Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T)
………….

8. Three types of RNA: 2) tRNA 1) mRNA ____________ “messenger” RNA
Carries code for proteins from DNA
Carries the “codon”

9. 3) Ribosomal RNA rRNA
____________

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11. Transcription Step 1: Initiation
____________
The binding occurs at a promoter: a specialized sequence on one strand of DNA located just upstream from the start of the gene.

12. RNA polymerase, unlike DNA polymerase, can begin making the complementary copy without needing a primer to be already in place.
____________
The strand that is not being copied is known as the coding strand, since it contains the same base pair sequence ………….

13. Step 2: Elongation
DNA splits at the site of RNA polymerase and starts to unravel.
____________

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15. Step 3: Termination ____________ RNA polymerase leaves the DNA.
RNA strand is released.

16. Post transcriptional Modifications
At this point, the newly transcribed RNA is known as pre-mRNA
………….
One modification is the addition of a chain of 50 to 250 adenine nucleotides to the 3’ end by an enzyme called poly-A polymerase
____________

17. A 5’ cap of seven guanine’s is added to the start of a pre-mRNA molecule
____________

18. Alternate Splicing Certain Exons may left out of the final mRNA strand
This enables us ………….
____________

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22. Summary of Transcription…
RNA polymerase is the
enzyme responsible!!