1. Political theory and law
WEEK 2

2. Political Theory and Law
Week 2 – Pre-Modern Philosophy
- Why is it relevant?
Political Theory in the 20th century
Western Political Thought

4. Political theory and law
School of Athens - Raphael,

5. Political theory and law
General Characteristics of society and politics in Ancient Greece: - Equality? - Democracy? - Role of government?

6. Political theory and law

7. Political Theory and law
Plato – the Republic
What is justice?
Virtues
Division of society – Law of nature
The Ruler or the ‘Guardian’
Who will rule?
How will he rule?

8. Political Theory and law

9. Political Theory and law
Aristotle – the Politics
- Who should rule?
- What ties a person to the city?
- What is the city?
- “Man is a political animal”

10. Political Theory and law
Why is Ancient Philosophy relevant?
- Re – naissance
- ‘the bridge’

11. Political theory and law
Political Theory in Renaissance
Machiavelli – The Prince

12. Political Theory And Law

13. Political theory and law
“A prince must imitate the fox and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. One must therefore be a fox to recognize traps, and a lion to frighten wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by so doing it would be against his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept would not be a good one; but as they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them.”

14. Political theory and law
Machiavelli – The Prince
A realistic account of politics:
How is politics? How do politicians behave?
What is the purpose of politics?

15. Political theory and law
Proto-Liberal Philosophy:
Hobbes – The Leviathan

17. Political Theory and law
Man in the State of Nature:
“In such condition, there is no place for industry; because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth; no navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving, and removing, such things as require much force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
Chapter XIII - Leviathan

18. Political theory and law
Hobbes – The Leviathan
All men are naturally equal
All men are characterized by greed and the constant pursuit of power
State of Nature:
‘Man is a wolf to man’
Social Contract
The Sovereign

19. Political theory and law
Liberalism (meta-ideology)
Equality
Liberty
Rationality
Neutrality
INDIVIDUALITY