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Published byAmberlynn Matthews Modified over 7 years ago
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Budding methods T-budding or shield budding Patch budding Chip budding
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Features of T-budding widely used for fruit and ornamental trees, as well as roses two methods: “wood in” and “wood out” (i.e., whether the bark of the scion is slipping or not) bark of the stock must be slipping
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Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 4 Figure 5
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How healing occurs with T-budding
when bark of the stock is lifted, separation occurs in young xylem primary union is between the phloem on the inner shield face and young xylem on the stock’s surface callus originates almost entirely from rootstock tissue for successful “takes”, a continuous cambium must be established between bud and rootstock
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Timing the T-budding operation
Fall budding (July to early Sept): budwood needn’t be collected and stored, but budding must be done while the stock is actively growing Spring budding (Mar and Apr): budding must be done before bark stops slipping on the stock, usu. by late spring; budwood must be collected and stored prior to budding June budding (late May to early June): it is used to obtain a 1-yr-old budded tree in 1 season
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Chip budding a chip (with a bud) is placed into a stock that has had a chip removed neither stock nor scion needs to have slipping bark cambia of scion chip and stock must be matched closely
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Patch budding scion patch (w/bud, w/o wood) is slid off sideways, placed into a stock after the bark “patch” is removed works well on thick-barked species (e.g., pecans, walnuts) requires bark of both scion and stock to be slipping easily usu. done in late summer or early fall
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Factors influencing success in grafting/budding
the kind of plant the healing environment (temperature, moisture, oxygen) growth activity of stock and/or scion grafting technique viruses, insects, disease polarity limits (closeness of the botanical relationship) graft incompatibility
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Symptoms of graft incompatibility
yellowing foliage (esp. in the latter part of the growing season) premature death of the tree difference in growth rate or vigor of the scion, compared with the stock graft components break apart cleanly at the graft union
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Types of graft incompatibility
anatomical flaws (e.g., vascular discontinuity) localized incompatibility (i.e., requires contact between stock and scion) translocated incompatibility (i.e., not overcome by an interstock) pathogen-induced incompatibility (i.e., a latent virus introduced by grafting from a resistant to a susceptible partner)
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Translocated incompatibility
‘Nonpareil’ almond/’Marianna 2624’ plum - incompatible ‘Texas’ almond/’Marianna 2624’ plum - compatible ‘Nonpareil’/’Texas’/’2624’ - incompatible (phloem breakdown at the Texas/2624 junction means that the “incompatibility factor” is translocated)
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