1. Use of Geospatial Tools During Census Enumeration
Tšiu Litšiba
Bureau of Statistics
Lesotho
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, 20 – 23 March 2017

2. Outline Background Objectives of census cartography
Use of Imagery Base Map
GIS tools currently in use
GIS Workflow Management System Used
Production of enumeration maps using Geomedia SmartClient for Census (GMSC)
Spatial visualization of census data
Challenges faced during census mapping operations
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

3. Background
The Bureau of Statistics (BOS) is under formation in the Ministry of Development Planning, Government of Lesotho.
The cartography unit within the BOS was set up in 1986 with the aim of fulfilling the following objectives;
to facilitate enumeration without omission or duplication
to provide a frame for a sample surveys .
In preparation for 2006 population and housing census BOS introduced GIS for census mapping that allowed automation of cartographic processes. With GIS in place, there was greater flexibility in handling, processing and producing enumeration maps products.
Furthermore the application of GIS in census improved analysis and dissemination of census results.
The base for the 2016 population and housing census cartographic mapping was the geospatial datasets prepared during the 2006 census.
In undertaking census mapping for 2016, improvements were made in census mapping methodology compared to 2006; in terms of GIS and other geospatial technologies application.
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

4. Census Cartography Objectives
The overall goal of census cartography is to provide updated digital geospatial database for enumeration areas that can be used as a basis for;
census planning process (Pre-Enumeration Phase),
census data collection (Enumeration Phase), and
dissemination of census data/results, and development of sampling frames for surveys (Post-Enumeration Phase).
Specific objectives are:
Re-delineate enumeration areas (EAs) into manageable size in terms of households’ population to be enumerated during the census period.
Ensure that EA maps easily guide the enumerators on the households that they should cover during the census period.
Provide the basis to estimate resources required at each administrative level e.g. personnel, materials and transport.
Effectively monitor the census enumeration process.
Improve analysis and dissemination of census results.
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

5. Use of Imagery base maps
During the 2006 census, a mapping innovation was introduced with the use of digitized enumeration maps translated from satellite imagery (SPOT 5) 2.5m resolution covering all the whole country was acquired.
As part of the preparation for the Census, BOS acquired 50cm resolution digital aerial photography (DAP) as base map which permitted an accurate identification and count of dwellings, and measurement of urbanized land areas (settlement size).
The visual nature of this information greatly increased the accuracy and coverage of census operations and helped to resolve census undercount problems, particularly in rural areas where settlements are remotely scattered, hard to reach and hard to find.
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

6. Ecological Zones Zone Area Population Lowlands 20.1 57.8 Foothills
13.8
11.8
Mountains
53.2
20.9
Senqu River Valley
12.9
9.5
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

7. GIS Tools Currently in Use
Geomedia Professional
Geomedia SmartClient for Census
ArcGIS for Desktop Standard (ArcEditor)
ArcGIS for Desktop Advanced (ArcInfo)
A3 Printers
A0 Plotters
A0 Paper Cutter
Trimble Yuma 2 Rugged Computer Tablets
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

8. Geomedia SmartClient for Census
is a web-based client-server software solution that enables different “users” to log into the system in order to execute the tasks allocated to them.
Each user can only execute the tasks applicable to his/her role and within the “Production Unit(s)” assigned to him/her at a given moment in time.
Users and their roles are created in SmartClient based on the task breakdown of the census mapping methodology.
It has online and offline functionality. This implies that certain users can execute certain tasks online and other tasks offline. This is important for fieldwork where Internet access is often not guaranteed.
It allowed creation of management reports and summaries about fieldwork progress.
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

9. Roles of Office Supervisor
Users and Their Roles
Users were created in SmartClient based on the task breakdown of the census mapping methodology adopted. In the case of the census mapping methodology we adopted there were only for users, namely;
Office Supervisor (OS)
Fieldwork Team Leader (FWTL)
Fieldwork Tablet Operator (FWTO)
Office Data Capturer (ODC)
Roles of Office Supervisor
Allocate PU(s) to FWTLs
Accept completed PUs from FWTLs
Create progress reports from the system to be used for the day-to-day management of the project as well as for the creation of project status reports for BOS management.
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

10. Sample of Trimble Yuma 2 Rugged Tablet Computer Used
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

11. Points of Interest Attribute Form
Constituency name
Location
Urban
EA#
Peri-Urban
Rural
POI ID
POI Name
Description
Ownership
Starting point
EA Boundary
Other
Govt
Religious Facility
Private
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

12. Points of Interest Attribute Form
Class
Sub-Class
Dwelling Unit
Headmen/Traditional Leader/Chief’s House
Cattle Post
Accommo-dation Facility
Bed & Breakfast
Caravan Park\Camp Site
Guest House
Hotel
Lodge
Motel
Residential/Institutional Lodge
Other
Hostel
Mission Hostel/Convent/Monastery/Religious Retreat
Police Barracks
Military Barracks
Youth Hostel
Boarding School
Mine Hostel
Students Residence
Health Facility
Hospital
Clinic
Other
Educational Facility (excluding Hostel)
Early Childhood Development (ECD)
Primary School
Secondary School
Combined School
University
College
Polytechnic
Technical College
Public Structure
Police Station
Border Post
Post Office
Correctional Facility
Other
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

13. SmartClient for Census Step by Step Process
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

14. Automated Census Maps Production
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

15. United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

16. United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

17. 1
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

18. Sample of Enumeration Area Map
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

19. Benefits of Using GPS Computer Tablets for Fieldwork Mapping
Automated field updating digital datasets
Speed-up field mapping
Improve completeness. i.e. there was no room for missing data, since all relevant attributes had to be completed on the GPS Computer tablet. Therefore, any inconsistencies were corrected on the spot.
Increases the accuracy of GIS database
Improved consistency.
Real time tracking of field data collection by directly transmitting collected data to central system. This allowed monitoring and evaluation of field mapping implementation progress and outputs achieved;
Better control and management of the project;
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

20. Spatial Visualization of Census Data
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

21. United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

22. Challenges Faced During Census Mapping Operations
Funding
Delay in the delivery of tendered GIS equipment.
Requisition submitted to the procurement office took more than anticipated time before the required items can be delivered.
Dedicated internet connection for the successfulness of field mobile mapping solution.
GPS computer tablet-PC data synchronization was not always smooth
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017

23. Thank You!
United Nations Regional Workshop on the 2020 World Programme on Population and Housing Censuses: International Standards and Contemporary Technologies Lusaka, Zambia, March 2017