1. Animal, Plant & Soil Science
Lesson C7-3
The Dairy Industry

2. Interest Approach
Have students name as many external parts of a cow as they can. Write all the answers on an overhead or marker board. Try to get technical and nontechnical terminology. Then pass out LS–A so they can follow along while discussing the external parts of a dairy cow.

3. Interest Approach
Write down as many dairy products as you can, including food products that have milk proteins.

4. Objectives
Define terms used to describe dairy animals, and identify the parts of a dairy animal.
Compare and contrast the major breeds of dairy cattle.
Recognize the advantages and disadvantages of dairy production.

5. Objectives
Determine the facility and equipment needs in dairy production.
Identify the leading states and nations in dairy production, and determine major export and import markets for the United States.
Examine the impact of the dairy industry on the economy.

6. Objectives
Identify common diseases and disorders that affect dairy cattle, and determine appropriate prevention and treatment methods.
Demonstrate the ability to complete the California Mastitis Test.

7. Terms bovines bull butterfat calf California Mastitis Test
cold housing
concentrates
cow
gestation
heifer
herd
mammary system
mastitis

8. Terms metabolic disorder parturition reproductive system steer testes
warm housing

9. Knowing basic dairy cattle terminology is important.
What are the proper terms used in describing dairy cattle, and what are the parts of a dairy animal?
Knowing basic dairy cattle terminology is important.
A. The following are common names and terms used in describing dairy cattle.
1. Cattle are bovines, which are members of the genus Bos.
2. A mature male is a bull.
3. A mature female is a cow.
4. A young male is a bull.
5. A young female is a heifer.
6. A castrated male is a steer.
7. A newborn is a calf.
8. A group of cattle is a herd.

10. What are the proper terms used in describing dairy cattle, and what are the parts of a dairy animal?
B. Dairy cattle have many external parts that need to be identified to judge them and to describe any problems the animals may have.

11. What are the proper terms used in describing dairy cattle, and what are the parts of a dairy animal?
C. most important part is the mammary system, and the reproductive system
1. The reproductive system is the system that reproduces cattle by natural, in vitro, or various artificial means of insemination.
2. The mammary system is the system that produces milk after parturition.

12. What are the proper terms used in describing dairy cattle, and what are the parts of a dairy animal?

13. What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
A. Holstein cattle are the most popular breed of dairy cattle.
More than 90% of the dairy cows in US
The breed came from the Netherlands in the early 1600s.
The animals are black and white and are very large.
Produce large quantities of milk

14. What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
C. Ayrshire
originated in Scotland
The colors are light to dark cherry red, brown, and white in any combination.
known for having strong feet and legs, good grazing ability, and strong, well-attached udders.

15. What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
Brown Swiss
originated in the Alps of Switzerland
higher fat and protein ratio and a calmer disposition.
varying greatly from very light to dark brown
The nose and the tongue are black, and the muzzle has a light-colored band around it.

16. What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
E. Guernsey
originated on the island of Guernsey
Their color is mostly fawn, with clearly defined white markings.
usually have smaller calves than other breeds.
known for their milk color, which is more golden than that of other breeds.

17. What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
F. Jersey
originated on the island of Jersey
They vary greatly in color and color patterns, which may be fawn, near white, or grayish and may or may not include white markings.
The breed is especially known for its udder qualities: well-shaped with strong attachments.
Although the amount of milk is lower in Jersey cattle than in other breeds, the butterfat and protein content is the highest.
The popularity of this small breed has increased in the past few years.

18. What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
G. The Milking Shorthorn originated in England and can be any combination of red and white, just red, or just white.
The breed is adaptable to a variety of situations and is commonly used for beef production as well as for dairy production.
The breed is fairly new compared to other breeds. It was designated as a dairy breed in 1968.

19. What are the advantages and disadvantages of dairy production?
Dairy production has several advantages and disadvantages.
A. The advantages of raising dairy cattle are:
1. The raising of dairy cattle has proven to be a stable agricultural enterprise for many years.
2. Dairy production leads to a reasonable profit and allows for long-term financial growth.
3. Dairy producers take great pride and satisfaction in ownership and production of milk and milk products.

20. What are the advantages and disadvantages of dairy production?
4. Dairy animals react and bond when shown kindness.
5. The dairy industry provides wholesome milk and other dairy foods and products to consumers.
6. The dairy industry also contributes to the beef supply.
7. Dairy cattle provide an interest to FFA and 4-H projects.

21. What are the advantages and disadvantages of dairy production?
B. The disadvantages of raising dairy cattle are:
1. Cows must be milked twice a day.
2. A huge capital investment is needed.
3. Dairy cattle cannot receive an adequate supply of nutrients from roughages alone.
Their rations must include concentrates.
Concentrates are feeds, such as grains or protein supplements, that allow the diet to be high-energy based.

22. What are the advantages and disadvantages of dairy production?
4. Lactation requires large amounts of nutrients.

23. What facilities and equipment are required in dairy production?
Dairy calves do not normally nurse their mothers.
Commonly, calves are removed from their mothers and are fed milk replacer for up to eight weeks of age.
Calves are housed in calf hutches.

25. What facilities and equipment are required in dairy production?
D. Milking parlors have become more common in the United States.
A milking parlor speeds up the milking process, reduces labor, and increases cleanliness.

26. Dairy Farming in Georgia
Williams Dairy Rotary milker

27. A. The leading dairy-producing states
What are the leading states and nations in dairy production, and what are the major export and import markets for the United States?
A. The leading dairy-producing states
1.California
2. Wisconsin
3. New York

28. G. The United States exports many dairy products.
What are the leading states and nations in dairy production, and what are the major export and import markets for the United States?
G. The United States exports many dairy products.
Some of the different types are cheese, lactose, whey, ice cream, infant formula, fluid milk and cream, and milk powders.
Our main exports are to Mexico, China, Japan, Southeastern Asia, and Canada.
Other markets include Korea, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and South America.

29. D. Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder.
What are common diseases and disorders that affect dairy cattle, and what are appropriate prevention and treatment methods?
D. Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder.
Signs include fever, depression, decreased milk production, abnormal milk, hardening or sensitivity of the udder, and loss of appetite.
Bacteria can spread through wash rags, milking machines, or dirty lots and bedding.
Cleaning and controlling the environment, drying teats after milking, and avoiding overmilking are a few prevention methods.

30. Care of Milk Milk is easily contaminated with bacteria
udder is close to ground
Cows can carry Brucellosis
causes undulant fever in humans
cows are tested each year
Pasteurization: heat to 161 degrees F for 15 seconds
kills bacteria
Homogenization: breaking up the fat globules into smaller size so the cream doesn’t separate from the milk

31. Milking
Any cows treated with antibiotics, milk is not suited to humans
can cause a whole truck of milk to be dumped out due to contamination
Lactation period = 10 months, dry = 2 months
Freshen: cows calve and begin to lactate
Colostrum: mothers first milk, loaded with antibiotics etc. for the calf
first 3 days milk from a cow can’t be fed to humans (feed to calf)

32. Review
What are the proper terms used in describing dairy cattle, and what are the parts of a dairy animal?
What are the major dairy cattle breeds?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of dairy production?
What is pasteurization and homogenization?

33. Review What facilities and equipment are required in dairy production?
What are the leading states in dairy production, and what are the major export and import markets for the United States?
What is colostrum?
What is the lactation period?

34. Review
What are common diseases and disorders that affect dairy cattle, and what are appropriate prevention and treatment methods?