1. Project Work of English Elective
Submitted By :-
Naveen Garg
Submitted To :-
Mrs Indira Sharma

2. LITERARY TERMS
Elegy
Tragedy
Irony

3. ELEGY
The elegy began as an ancient Greek metrical form and is traditionally written in response to the death of a person or group. Though similar in function, the elegy is distinct from the epitaph, ode, and eulogy. OR
In literature, an elegy (from the Greek word for "lament") is a mournful, melancholic or plaintive poem, especially a funeral song or a lament for the dead.

4. Elegies by Famous Authors
"Bitter constraint, and sad occasion dear,/Compels me to disturb your season due:/For Lycidas is dead, dead ere his prime,/Young Lycidas, and hath not left his peer"-"Lycidas" by John Milton
"I hold it true, whate'er befall;/I feel it when I sorrow most;/'Tis better to have loved and lost/Than never to have loved at all."-"In Memoriaum A.H.H." by Alfred Lord Tennyson
"Here Captain! dear father!/This arm beneath your head;/It is some dream that on deck,/You've fallen cold and dead."-"O Captain! My Captain!" by Walt Whitman

5. Best Elegy -
“ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCHYARD "

6. WRITTEN BY ---
THOMAS GRAY

7. TRAGEDY
Tragedy is a form of drama based on human suffering that invokes in its audience an accompanying catharsis or pleasure in the viewing. While many cultures have developed forms that provoke this paradoxical response, the term tragedy often refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role historically in the self-definition of Western civilization.

8. SOME EXAMPLES OF FAMOUS TRAGEDIES
In the English language, the most famous and most successful tragedies are those of William Shakespeare and his Elizabethan contemporaries. Shakespeare's tragedies include:
Hamlet
King Lear
Macbeth
Othello

9. Best Tragedy -
HAMLET

10. WRITTEN BY ---
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

11. IRONY
Irony : a literary term referring to how a person, situation, statement, or circumstance is not as it would actually seem. Many times it is the exact opposite of what it appears to be. There are many types of irony, the three most common being situational irony, dramatic irony, and cosmic irony ( Irony of Fate ).

12. SOME IMPORTANT TYPES OF IRONY
Situational Irony ... is most broadly defined as a situation where the outcome is incongruous with what was expected, but it is also more generally understood as a situation that includes contradictions or sharp contrasts. Example : In O. Henry's story "The Gift of the Magi“, a young couple are too poor to buy each other Christmas gifts. The wife cuts off her treasured hair to sell it to a wig-maker for money to buy her husband a chain for his heirloom pocket watch. She's shocked when she learns he had pawned his watch to buy her a set of combs for her long, beautiful, prized hair. "The double irony lies in the particular way their expectations were foiled."

13. Dramatic irony …This type of irony is the device of giving the spectator an item of information that at least one of the characters in the narrative is unaware of (at least consciously), thus placing the spectator a step ahead of at least one of the characters.
According to Stanton, dramatic irony has three stages—installation, exploitation, and resolution producing dramatic conflict in what one character relies or appears to rely upon, the contrary of which is known to be true.
Example: In Oedipus the King, the audience knows that Oedipus himself is the murderer that he is seeking; Oedipus, Creon and Jocasta do not.[
Cosmic Irony ( Irony of Fate ) …This type of irony can be attributed to some sort of misfortune. Usually cosmic irony is the end result of fate or chance.
Example: The Titanic was promoted as being 100% unsinkable; but, in 1912 the ship sank on its maiden voyage.

14. Thank You