1. Acute Radiation Syndromes. Implications for Immunotherapy
Acute Radiation Syndromes. Implications for Immunotherapy. Anti-radiation T Cells Vaccine. Part 3.
Dmitri Popov PhD. Radiobiology. MD (Russia).
Advanced Medical Technologies and Systems Inc. Canada.

2. Key words. Anti-radiation vaccine – ARV.
Acute Radiation Syndromes – ARS.

3. T cells. Who are you?
A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, by the presence of a T-cell receptor on the cell surface. The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha and beta chains on the cell receptor and are termed alpha beta T cells (αβ T cells) and are part of the adaptive immune system.
Shin, Haina; Iwasaki, Akiko ( ). "Tissue-resident memory T cells“. Immunological Reviews. 255 (1): 165– 181. doi: /imr.12087

4. How they are looks like? By NIAID/NIH - NIAID Flickr's photo stream, Public Domain,

5. T cells Receptors: Plik:TCR complex.svg

6. T cells vaccines

7. Anti-radiation T cell vaccine.
“Anti-radiation T- cells Vaccine”.
Anti-radiation T cell, or A-T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity after irradiation, development of acute radiation reactions and opened novel gates for radiation protection and anti-radiation immunotherapy Radiation induce several mechanisms of damage of protein and lipid structures and create specific Radiation Antigens

8. Anti-radiation T-cell vaccine.
Radiation Antigens are self-antigens with specifically changed structures and an antigenic properties, which is a different from self- antigens The primary immune response to radiation based on specific recognition of radiation antigens and activation of naïve T cells with subsequent specific proliferation and differentiation T cells use TCR complex (TCR and CD3) for surveillance self-antigens and foreign antigens, and new radiation antigens. TCR complex recognises self-, and no-self antigens, presented on MHC molecules CD4+ T cells – MHC class II; CD8+ T cells MHC class I.

9. Anti-radiation T-cell vaccine.
TCR complex is a glycoprotein, glycolipids CD4+ T helper cells activation after irradiation: 1. Extracellular antigens (radiation antigens) coming from blood stream, lymph- circulation and presented in extracellular fluid. Extracellular radiation antigens is phagocytosed, processed, and presented on MHC class II, which is expressed by antigen presenting cells. (APCs) APCs Anti-radiation vaccine under consideration Activated to radiation antigens CD4+ helper T cells secrete cytokines, which activate inflammation, activates macrophages, promote B cells class switching IgM to IgG.

10. Anti-radiation T cell vaccines.
Activated CD8+ cytotoxic T cells plays extremely important role in the development of cell apoptosis and cell necrosis. Intracellular radiation antigens (derived from proteins in the cytoplasm, which were damaged by radiation, or synthesized with wrong structure after mutation which occurs in DNA Cytotoxic T8+ cells activating for killing. Killing of irradiated cells occur via secretion of perforin and Granzyme which promote cell necrosis, and expression of Fas L, which bind on target irradiated cell and promote apoptosis.

11. Anti-Radiation T cells Vaccine.
Response to radiation antigens generates specific anti- radiation immunological memory, which gives protection from subsequent challenge by the same physical factor as radiation The generation of memory T cells, long-lived cells that give an accelerated response to radiation antigens Memory T cells to radiation antigens differ from naive T cells, but like naive T cells they are quiescent and require activation by antigen- presenting cells with co-stimulatory activity in order to regenerate effector T cells.

12. Anti-Radiation T cell vaccine.
T cells Anti-radiation Vaccine create memory to radiation antigens T-cell Anti-Radiation Vaccine induce T-cell mediated immunity or T- cell immunity: modulating antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells that are able to induce graduated apoptosis, but not necrosis, in body cells displaying specific epitopes of radiation antigen on their surface.

13. Anti-Radiation T cell vaccine.
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