History of Computing – Mainframes

History of Computing – Mainframes
Prof. Steven A. Demurjian Computer Science & Engineering Department The University of Connecticut 371 Fairfield Way, Box U-255 Storrs, CT (860) 486–4818 (Office) (860) (CSE Office)

Overview Review the History of Mainframes
Overview of Mainframe Computing Overall History – Columbus State Excerpted Two Talks from IBM’s History UConn Mainframe Story Mr. Paul Desmarais, UITS, UConn Mainframes and UITS

Wayne Summers: csc.columbusstate.edu/summers/notes/cs557/3c11/Mainframes.ppt Mainframes Contain about 70% of corporate data from operations (accounting, payroll, billing, etc.) Often the “database server” in web-enabled database applications

Mainframes Dominated by IBM Mainframe competitors build clones
Called plug-compatible machines

Terminal-Host Communication
Traditionally, Just a Terminal, Host, and Transmission Line (Chapter 1) Poor response time Poor user interface: sending graphics over a distance is expensive (and lines usually are slow) Inadequate for production workers who use their terminals hours per day

Mainframe Communication
User site has multiple terminal users 3270 Terminals High speeds, some color, some graphics User Site 3270 Terminal

csc.columbusstate.edu/summers/notes/cs557/3c11/Mainframes.ppt Wayne Summers Mainframe Communication Cluster Controller at User Site Supports a cluster of terminals and printers Provides limited on-screen text editing power to terminals This elimination of text editing work allows the mainframe to focus on high-value database chores Limited Text Editing Cluster Controller

Cluster Controller at User Site Supports a cluster of terminals and printers Provides limited on-screen text editing power to terminals This also reduces response time because editing is done locally Limited Text Editing Cluster Controller

Cluster Controller at User Site Multiplexes transmissions of multiple terminals and printers to the central site This reduces transmission costs, which are expensive for higher-speed long-distance links A A A A A A B B A Central Site Long- Distance Line B B

Transmission Line Long-distance lines are expensive per bit sent But 3270 terminals need high speeds Multiplexes terminal communication onto 56 kbps, Mbps or faster line to give high speed but keep cost reasonable Central Site Long- Distance Line

Central Site Communications Controller Handles multiplexing to reduce transmission cost Handles detailed interactions with cluster controllers, freeing mainframe to deal with database processing Communications Controller

Handles high-value database work Must be freed of low-value communications processing work to be economically efficient Mainframe

Reducing Response Time Text editing work is done locally Still delay for heavy database work on mainframe Reducing Transmission Costs Multiplexing, and Cluster controller provides limited local screen editing, so fewer bits need to be transmitted to and from the mainframe

Reducing Work the Mainframe Needs to Do, so that it can Focus on High-Value Database Processing Cluster controller handles most text-editing chores freeing mainframe from having to support this work, and Communications controller handles details of communication with cluster controllers, freeing mainframe from having to support this work

Application Servers NOT Part of Mainframe Communications
Can act as terminals or cluster controllers Transparent to mainframe: no need to do anything differently on mainframe system App Server App Server

A brief look at IBM mainframe history
Siva Prasanth Rentala IGSI, TPO,PUNE.

A brief look at IBM mainframe history

System 360

System 360 On April 7, 1964 IBM introduced System/360, a family of five increasingly powerful computers that ran the same operating system and could use the same44 peripheral devices. For the first time, companies could run mission-critical applications for business on a highly secure platform. In 1969, Apollo 11's successful landing on the moon was supported by several. System 360s, Information Management System (IMS) 360 and IBM software. In 1968, IBM introduced Customer Information Control System (CICS). It allowed workplace personnel to enter, update, and retrieve data online. To date, CICS remains one of the industry's most popular transaction monitors.

System 370

System 370 In the summer of 1970, IBM announced a family of machines with an enhanced instruction set, called System/370. These machines were capable of using more than one processor in the same system (initially two), sharing the memory. Through the 1970s the machines got bigger and faster, and multiprocessor systems became common. Able to run System/360 programs, thus easing the upgrade burden for customers, System/370 was also one of the first lines of computers to include “virtual memory” technology.

3081 processor complex

Mainframe Introduction and Job Opportunities
IBM Mainframe Introduction and Job Opportunities people.cs.vt.edu/~depthead/IBM-Z-Systems/zHistory/McNeil.ppt Marc Smith IBM System z Channel Enablement zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

What is a Mainframe/Who uses them?
40 years of IBM innovation Built from the ground up for business Widely used by businesses of all sizes Online transaction processing Batch WebServing More… Data mining zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

IBM IBM 701 – st generation The first IBM large-scale electronic computer manufactured in quantity IBM's first commercially available scientific computer The first IBM machine in which programs were stored in an internal, addressable, electronic memory The first of the pioneering line of IBM 700 series computers, including the 702, 704, 705 and 709 701 The 701 was formally announced on May 21, It was the unit of the overall 701 Data Processing System in which actual calculations were performed. That activity involved 274 assemblies executing all the system's computing and control functions by means of electronic pulses emitted at speeds ranging up to one million a second. The 701 contained the arithmetic components, the input and output control circuitry, and the stored program control circuitry. Also mounted on the 701 was the operator's panel. The arithmetic section contained the memory register, accumulator register and the multiplier-quotient register. Each register had a capacity of 35 bits and sign. The accumulator register also had two extra positions called register overflow positions. The control section decoded the stored programs and directed the machine in automatically performing its instructions. Instructions could only be entered into the control section through electrostatic storage or manually from the operator's panel. The entire machine could be manually controlled from the operator's panel through various buttons, keys, switches and signal lights. The operator could manually control the insertion of information into electrostatic storage or the various registers. The contents of the various registers could also be displayed in neon lights for the operator to observe. The operator's panel was used primarily when beginning an operation on the 701 and when initially testing a program for a new operation. Also included with the Analytical Control Unit were the IBM 736 Power Frame #1, 741 Power Frame #2 and the 746 Power Distribution Unit. Those three power units supplied the power for all units in the 701 system. The functional machine cycle of the 701 was 12 microseconds; the time required to execute an instruction or a sequence of instructions was an integral multiple of this cycle or 456 microseconds were required for the execution of a multiply or divide instruction. The 701 could execute 33 different operations. In the above view of the 701, the computing and control section is open, revealing part of its intricate wiring. At the immediate right of the operator's position is the IBM 711 Punched Card Reader where the operator inserted punched cards carrying additional data or instructions. The monthly rental for a 701 unit was approximately $8,100. The 701 was withdrawn from marketing on October 1, 1954. zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

IBM IBM 1401 – nd generation The all-transistorized IBM 1401 Data Processing System placed the features found in electronic data processing systems at the disposal of smaller businesses, previously limited to the use of conventional punched card equipment These features included: high speed card punching and reading, magnetic tape input and output, high speed printing, stored program, and arithmetic and logical ability 1403 1402 1401 729 The all-transistorized IBM 1401 Data Processing System places the features found in electronic data processing systems at the disposal of smaller businesses, previously limited to the use of conventional punched card equipment. These features include: high speed card punching and reading, magnetic tape input and output, high speed printing, stored program, and arithmetic and logical ability. The elements of the basic 1401 system are the 1401 Processing Unit, 1402 Card Read-Punch, and 1403 Printer. Configurations include a card system, a tape system, and a combination of the two. The 1401 may be operated as an independent system, in conjunction with IBM punched card equipment, or as auxiliary equipment to IBM 700 or 7000 series systems. The 1401 performs functions previously requiring a number of separate machines: card reading and punching, separation of output cards, calculating, and printing. As an auxiliary to large scale data processing systems, the 1401 performs magnetic tape sorting and editing, card-to-tape and tape-to-card operations and high speed printing. The larger system is thus made available for data processing and logical operations. New simplified programming techniques make the 1401 extremely powerful and more efficient than many other systems of comparable or even larger size. Variable length data and program instruction words provide maximum utilization of the magnetic core storage; there is no waste of storage capacity as with fixed record length systems. Program steps may be skipped or reread in any desired sequence, a feature which greatly increases programming flexibility. With the 1401, manual control panel wiring is eliminated, and transfer of cards or paper between machine units is greatly reduced. The 1401 incorporates the building block principle, providing for expansion and a variety of configurations to fit the needs of individual users. Components of the 1401 Data Processing System IBM 1401 Processing Unit This unit controls the entire system by means of its stored program. It performs the arithmetic and logical functions, controls card reading and punching, magnetic tape input and output, and tells the printer what to print and where to print it. The 1401 automatically edits the systems printed output for spacing, punctuation and format. The 1401 is available with 1,400; 2,000; or 4,000 positions of core storage. Alphabetical or numerical data may be processed. Speed: In one minute, the 1401 Processing Unit can perform 193,300 additions (eight-digit numbers) or 25,000 multiplications (six-digit numbers by four-digit numbers). IBM 1402 Card Read-Punch The 1402 reads card information into the processing unit, punches cards, and separates them into radial stackers. The cards can easily be removed while the machine is running. Maximum speeds are: punching, 250 cards per minute; reading, 800 cpm. Reading and punching can be performed simultaneously. IBM 1403 Printer The IBM 1403 Printer is a completely new development providing maximum "thru-put" of forms and documents in printing data from punched cards and magnetic tape. The printer incorporates a swiftly moving horizontal chain (similar in appearance to a bicycle chain) of engraved type faces, operated by 132 electronically-timed hammers spaced along the printing line. The impact of a hammer presses the paper and ink ribbon against a type character, causing it to print. The chain principle achieves perfect alignment of the printed line and greatly reduces the number of sets of type characters needed. The 1403 prints by means of a scanning operation which compares characters on the chain with characters in storage designated to be printed. When a character on the chain matches the one in storage, the hammer for that printing position is fired. The chain of engraved type faces moves across the face of forms or documents at a constant speed of ninety inches a second. Two interchangeable type styles are available for the chain. An outstanding feature of the printer is the exclusive Dual Speed Carriage, which has the ability to skip over blank spaces on forms and documents at speeds far in excess of normal printing rate. This carriage skips the first eight lines at thirty-three inches per second, and beyond eight lines at seventy-five inches per second. Combined with a printing speed of 600 lines per minute, the result is a higher rate of output than is obtainable with many printers of greater line printing speed. The 1403 Printer can produce over 230 two-line documents, such as checks, per minute. This is equivalent to a printing speed of 4,800 lines per minute. All electronic and logical operations of the printer are under the stored program control of the 1401 Processing Unit. Information to be printed is read into storage from the input cards or magnetic tape, processed, and read out to the Printer. A feature of the Printer is a wheeled form stand which reduces and simplifies paper handling. Magnetic Tape Units Up to six IBM 729 Magnetic Tape Units (Model II or IV) may be added to the 1401 system for increased input, speed, and storage compactness. These are the same all-transistorized tape units used with the IBM Series 700 and 7000 data processing systems. Either single or double density tapes are specified to provide processing speeds of 15,000 or 41,667 characters a second with the 729 II; 22,500 or 62,500 characters a second for the 729 IV. IBM 1210 Sorter-Reader The 1401 can also be linked to an IBM 1210 Model 4 Sorter-Reader for direct processing of paper documents imprinted with magnetic ink, providing banks with a system for mechanizing bank demand deposit accounting and account reconciliation, transit operations, installment and mortgage loan accounting and other banking functions. zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

IBM 7094 – 1962 2nd generation 7094 IBM 2005-09-19
Built for large-scale scientific computing, the IBM 7094 Data Processing System featured outstanding price/performance and expanded computing power. Compatible with the IBM 7090, the advanced solid-state IBM 7094 offered substantial increases in internal operating speeds and functional capacities to match growing scientific workloads in the 1960s. The powerful IBM 7094 had 1.4 to 2.4 times the internal processing speed, depending upon the individual application. The 7094, combined with major input/output improvements through IBM 729 VI and IBM 7340 Hypertape units along with programming systems such as 7090/7094 FORTRAN, reduced job time significantly for users. Faster Execution The IBM 7094 achieved expanded power through high-speed processing by providing its user with a basic machine operating cycle of 2 microseconds· a new processing unit which had major speed effects on: ·floating point operations fixed point multiply and divide operations ·index transfer instructions ·conditional transfer instructions ·compare operations· two instructions per core storage cycle, substantially reducing instruction cycle time Expanded functionsNew expanded functions provided with the IBM 7094 were: double-precision floating-point operations, seven index registers, and new index-complementing instructions. Customer conversion The design of the IBM 7094 provided for easy conversion of the IBM 7090 data processing system to the The components and features necessary for conversion were the: ·IBM 7100 Central Processing Unit (model 2)·IBM 7151 Console Control Unit (model 2)·7094 Feature (#7146) on the IBM 7606 Multiplexor IBM customers could field convert their 7090 to a 7094 basic system in 48 to 72 system hours for minimal interruption of their activities. Existing 7090 programs using properly defined instructions could be executed without change, at increasing speeds, on the IBM 7094. zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

System/360 – Announced April 7, 1964
IBM System/360 – Announced April 7, 1964 IBM decided to implement a wholly new architecture specifically designed both for data processing and to be compatible across a wide range of performance levels IBM invested $5B to develop a family of five increasingly powerful computers that run the same operating systems and can use the same 44 peripheral devices with the same architecture 2311 2401 S/360-75 A new generation of electronic computing equipment was introduced today by International Business Machines Corporation. IBM Board Chairman Thomas J. Watson Jr. called the event the most important product announcement in the company's history. The new equipment is known as the IBM System/360. It combines microelectronic technology, which makes possible operating speeds measured in billionths of a second, with significant advances in the concepts of computer organization. At a press conference at the company's Poughkeepsie facilities, Mr. Watson said: "System/360 represents a sharp departure from concepts of the past in designing and building computers. It is the product of an international effort in IBM's laboratories and plants and is the first time IBM has redesigned the basic internal architecture of its computers in a decade. The result will be more computer productivity at lower cost than ever before. This is the beginning of a new generation - - not only of computers - - but of their application in business, science and government." More than 100,000 businessmen in 165 American cities today attended meetings at which System/360 was announced. System/360 is a single system spanning the performance range of virtually all current IBM computers - - from the widely used 1401 to nearly twice that of the most powerful computer previously built by the company. It was developed to perform information handling jobs encompassing all types of applications. System/360 includes in its central processors 19 combinations of graduated speed and memory capacity. Incorporated with these are more than 40 types of peripheral equipment which store information and enter it into and retrieve it from the computer. Built-in communications capability makes System/360 available to remote terminals, regardless of distance. The equipment is supported by programs which enable System/360 to schedule its own activities for non-stop computing that makes most efficient use of system capabilities. Internal processing power of the largest System/360 configuration is approximately 50 times greater than that of the smallest. The system's machine cycle time - - basic pulse beat of a computer - - ranges from one millionth-of-a-second to only 200 billionths-of-a-second. System/360 core storage memory capacity ranges from 8,000 characters of information to more than 8,000,000. Information storage devices linked to the system can store additional billions of characters of data and make them available for processing at varying speeds, depending on need. It is the balancing of these factors - - all available within a single system using one set of programming instructions - - that will make it possible for a user to select a configuration suited to his own requirements for both commercial and scientific computing. With the same type of input/output devices, a user can expand his System/360 to any point in its performance range, without reprogramming. zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

System/360 – a child is born
IBM System/360 – a child is born Hardware One main storage, maximum size is 16MB One or two Central Processing Units (CPUs) One to seven Channels Control Units (which connect to Channels) Devices (which connect to Control Units) Family of operating systems Operating System/360 (OS/360) Disk Operating System/360 (DOS/360) TOS, BPS, … ACP S/360 Model 65 Console zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

University of Newcastle Upon Tyne
IBM System/360 Model 67 First IBM system with virtual storage capabilities S/360 Model 65 with addition of the Dynamic Address Translation facility Operating systems Time Sharing System – The “official” operating system from IBM Data Systems Division Control Program/67 with the Cambridge Monitor System – The “unofficial” operating system from the IBM Cambridge Scientific Center “DAT box” S/360-67 University of Newcastle Upon Tyne zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

System/370 with Virtual Storage – Announced August 2, 1972
IBM System/370 with Virtual Storage – Announced August 2, 1972 Compatible upgrade from S/370 with virtual storage First multiprocessor models (158MP, 168MP) Family of operating systems OS/360  OS/VS DOS/360  DOS/VS CP/67  VM/370 3850 S/ 3705 3350 3505 3203 3525 3270 A new computer system - - the IBM System/ was announced worldwide today by International Business Machines Corporation. Its two models use advanced design techniques previously available only in IBM's ultra-high-performance computers. Introducing the new system at a press conference here, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., IBM chairman of the board, said: "We are confident that the performance of System/370, its compatibility, its engineering and its programming will make it stand out as the landmark for the 1970s that System/360 was for the Sixties." System/370 Models 155 and 165 can provide computer users with dramatically higher performance and information storage capacity for their data processing dollars than ever before available from IBM in medium- and large-scale systems. Business and scientific computers users will be able to move up to the higher performance System/370 to handle their remote computing and large data base needs of the Seventies. They can do so without having to reprogram the vast majority of their existing System/360 applications. System/370 carries forward the concept of compatibility first introduced by IBM in 1964 for the widely used System/360. Models 155 and 165 can share input and output equipment and proven programming systems that transcend specific models. They can use nearly all existing IBM peripheral devices, as well as a new 2,000-line-per-minute printer and an 800 million character-capacity disk storage. The printer and disk storage units included in today's announcement are designed to step up input and output capabilities to System/370's high internal operating speed. Both models of System/370 are now in production - - Model 155 at Poughkeepsie, N.Y., and Montpelier, France; Model 165 at Kingston, N.Y. Model 155 is being demonstrated today in Poughkeepsie. "We have met two very important objectives with System/ price/performance and compatibility," said F. G. Rodgers, president of IBM's Data Processing Division. "First, we have achieved greatly improved performance by putting much of the advanced technology of IBM's ultra-high-performance computers within the reach of medium- and large-scale computer users." "And we have achieved compatibility since System/360 users will be able to run most of their existing programs on the new system without change," Mr. Rodgers said. To illustrate System/370 performance and economy, Mr. Rodgers noted that the new Model 165 operates up to five times faster internally than System/360 Model 65. Yet the user's equipment cost to achieve the increased performance level is relatively modest in comparison with the gain in processing capability. The Model 155 has up to four times the internal operating speed of System/360 Model 50. The basic machine cycle times of the Model 165 and 155 central processors are 80 and 115 nanoseconds (billionths of a second), respectively. A cycle - - the time it takes to execute an instruction - - is a major factor in how much work the computer can do in a given period. Each model uses a buffer memory, an advanced technique previously offered by IBM only with ultra-high-performance systems. The buffer, which operates at the same speed as the central processor, holds large blocks of data and instructions ready for immediate use, thus speeding the processing of information. “The applications of the Seventies will involve increased multiprogramming, remote computing, management information and tele-processing networks that make a centralized computer data base available to people in many places," Mr. Rodgers said. "The management of virtually every business wants and needs immediate access to current information organized so it can be used effectively," Mr. Rodgers said. "To do the job, banks, manufacturing firms and insurance companies - - as well as government agencies and many scientific users - - need faster, more efficient computers and larger capacity data storage. System/370 meets those requirements." Although internal operating speed is one way to measure computer performance, users generally are more concerned with how rapidly the system can finish its assigned tasks. This capability - - called throughput - -depends on a number of factors such as memory size, input and output equipment and the efficiency of the operating systems and the user's programs. To help customers exploit the full throughput potential of System/370, IBM has built in many advances keyed to reliable performance, including: * Monolithic integrated circuits, microscopic in size, that perform logical and arithmetic operations at speeds measured in nanoseconds. * Main core memories having capacities up to 2-million bytes for the Model 155 and 3-million for the Model 165. * Monolithic buffer storage that holds data and instructions ready before they are actually needed, streaming them into the central processing unit on demand at nanosecond speeds. The buffer effectively matches the data from the larger but slower main memory to the very high internal speed of the processor. * Expanded channels to carry more data faster between memory and other system units. These new channels are analogous to pipelines whose width and flow pressure have been increased. * The ability to handle up to 15 different program tasks simultaneously, including programs written for the IBM 1400 and 7000 series, as well as System/360. New mass storage, printer Users also can increase system throughput by attaching to System/370 the new IBM 3330 disk storage and the IBM 3211 printer. Designed for large data base applications that require ready and rapid access to vast amounts of information, the 3330 combines high operating speed with the flexibility of virtually unlimited storage on removable, direct access magnetic disks. It has three-and-a-half times more on-line storage capacity - - up to 800-million bytes (more than 1.5-billion decimal digits) - - than other IBM disk storage facilities and has an average access time of only 30-thousandths of a second. In addition to the 3330, System/370 users can take advantage of the very fast storage available with the recently announced IBM 2305 fixed head storage facility. This device previously was offered only with IBM's most powerful computers, System/360 Models 85 and 195. It is designed to provide direct access to data the central processor uses repeatedly, such as control programs and working files. The average access time of the faster of two models is only 2.5 thousandths of a second. The new IBM 3211 printer will help speed processed information to the various users within an organization. It can turn out reports and other documents at 2,000 lines a minute, almost twice as fast as any previous IBM printer. With a smaller character set, 2,500 lines a minute can be achieved. Control devices built into the new printer provide highly accurate spacing and clear copies. A powered stacker automatically adjusts for the height of the paper stack. Through an innovative forms control buffer in the printer, the computer can automatically specify the job-to-job formatting instructions. This eliminates the need for operating personnel to switch carriage control tapes when printing formats need to be changed. The 3211 can be used with System/370 and with most System/360 models. zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

S/370 – the architecture matures
IBM S/370 – the architecture matures 3033 3031 Virtual storage 2KB or 4KB pages of memory 64KB or 1MB segment sizes Translation of virtual addresses to real addresses using Dynamic Address Translation (DAT) logic Segment tables point to page locations Channel architecture 256 channels CPU changes Extended MP support via CPU address zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

IBM 9672-G5 System/390 with Enterprise Systems Architecture – Announced September 1990 Evolution of ESA/370 1994 – S/390 Parallel Transaction Server Family of CMOS processors 1998 – System/390 Generation 5 server – more than 1,000 MIPS 1999 – System/390 Generation 6 server – copper chip technology Common set of peripheral devices RAMAC, Enterprise Storage Subsystem disk 3590 Magstar tape Family of operating systems MVS/ESA  OS/390 VSE/ESA VM/ESA Linux for S/390 (December 1999) ES/9000 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

zSeries with z/Architecture – Announced October 2000
IBM zSeries with z/Architecture – Announced October 2000 Evolution of ESA-390 24-bit, 31-bit, and 64-bit addressing supported concurrently z900 – up to 16 processors z800 – up to 4 processors Linux-only model in January 2002 General purpose model in February 2002 Integrated Facility for Linux on z900/z890 Family of operating systems OS/390  z/OS VSE/ESA  z/VSE VM/ESA  z/VM TPF  z/TPF Linux for S/390  Linux for zSeries zSeries 900 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

System z9 – Announced July 26, 2005
IBM System z9 – Announced July 26, 2005 IBM System z9 109 (z9-109) delivers excellence in large scale enterprise computing and is designed and optimized as the hub of the on demand enterprise Built on more than 40 years as an industry-acknowledged leader and taking that leadership to new levels Scalability Availability and security Balanced system design Virtualization technology Breaking new ground Designed to minimize outages to help your business stay always on Greater scalability and performance to grow with your business Flexibility to enable efficient response to your business needs zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

z9-109 12-way MCM Advanced 95mm x 95mm MCM CMOS 10K chip Technology
IBM z way MCM CMOS 10K chip Technology PU, SC, SD and MSC chips Copper interconnections, 10 copper layers 8 PU chips/MCM 15.78 mm x mm 121 million transistors/chip L1 cache/PU 256 KB I-cache 256 KB D-cache 0.58 ns Cycle Time 4 System Data (SD) cache chips/MCM 15.66 mm x 15.40mm L2 cache per Book 660 million transistors/chip 40 MB One Storage Control (SC) chip 16.41mm x 16.41mm 162 million transistors L2 cache crosspoint switch L2 access rings to/from other MCMs Two Memory Storage Control (MSC) chips 14.31 mm x mm 24 million transistors/chip Memory cards (L3) interface to L2 L2 access to/from MBAs (off MCM) One Clock (CLK) chip - CMOS 8S Clock and ETR Receiver Advanced 95mm x 95mm MCM 102 Glass Ceramic layers 16 chip sites, 217 capacitors 0.545 km of internal wire MSC PU SD SC CLK zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51 zSeries Expo 2005 Session V51

Past, Present, and Future
Mainframes at UCONN Past, Present, and Future

UCONN Mainframe History IBM 3084 A-side UCONNVM B-side UCONNVMB/UCONNMVS
TCM – Thermal Conduction Module 31-bit Addressing Available Water Cooled MVS/370

UCONN Mainframe History IBM 3090 – SuperComputers 2 Machines –UCONNVM and UCONNVMB/UCONNMVS
The VECTOR facility was an extension of the central processor’s instruction and execution elements that allowed the CPU to execute vector arithmetic and logical operations on up to 128 sets of operands with a single instruction

UCONN Mainframe History IBM ES9000-580 1991
Last UCONN Water Cooled System Installed January 5, 1991

What the Experts Were Saying

UCONN Mainframe History
UCONNVMB/UCONNMVS IBM 9672-R63 G5 20 MIP CMOS processors – 6 CMOS=Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Parallel Sysplex is born Air-cooled Mission Production MVS System Until ~ 2004 UCONNVMB/UCONNMVS

Common Mainframe Terms
MIPS – Millions of Instructions Per Second 24-bit Addressing – up to 16MB addressability (MVS/370) 31-bit Addressing – up to 4GB addressability (MVS/XA) Parallel Sysplex – Multiple mainframe computers tied together via a coupling facility and sysplex timer GP – General Purpose processor as opposed to specialty engines IFL – Integrated Facility for Linux (a specialty engine) LPAR – Logical partition OSA – Open Systems Adapter (nic but so much more!) Channels Parallel - copper ESCON – Enterprise Systems Connection FICON - Fiber Connection

UConn Mainframe Configuration Today
UCONNVM/UCONNVML 2086-A04 SN – E615D Hardware Model – 140 ~ 120 MIPS CP-1 IFL -1 Memory – 24GB FICON – FICON-E SX (2320) Qty – 3, 6 channels ESCON – 16 channels 17 Mbytes/s OSA – OSA-E 1000BT (1366) Qty – 4, 8 channels Software OS – z/VM 5.4 zLinux – Redhat, Susse 2 LPARs in order to separate out IFL work – 56 images CAS, LDAP, ePortfolio, Proxy, Listserv, Pinnacle, FACOPEROT, Homepages, NETID, pwsync, secur , BOWMAN 2086-A04 GP runs FOCUS reports during the day as the major workload. Still running some ADSM backups and Vmbackups at night. The IFL also runs DEBIAN Linux and its images are running many of the sign-on functions such as LDAP servers and a CAS server. The 9672-T16 is running FRS and GENESYSS which are the financials system and the HR/Payroll system respectively. BDM (Budget Data Mart) is also hosted on this system and distributed queries against this DB2 subsystem are run during the first shift. The 9672-T16 also runs a test z/OS system occasionally as another guest under VM.

UCONN 2086-A04 z890 Inside the Box
ESCON Cable Support Element (2)

UConn Mainframe Configuration Today
UCONNVMB/UCONNMVS 9672 – T16 SN – 10E7D Hardware Model – T16 ~ 123 MIPS CP-1 Memory – 4GB FICON – NA ESCON – 48 channels OSA – OSA FastE – 2 channels OSA GbE – 1 channel Parallel – 16 channels 4.5 Mbytes/s Software OS – z/OS 1.4 Running under z/VM 3.1 DB2 V7 CICS 1.3

UCONN 9672-T16 Inside the Box ESCON Cable Support Element
Blue Cables are Parallel Channel Cables

3174 Controllers & Consoles

How the Systems Are Logically Configured

STK Tape Silo

ESCON Director Configuration

Current Workload Batch jobs consist of Genesys, FRS, ID, Data Warehouse, SAM/SIMS OIR, and SARS

Combined System CPU Utilization Charts

Future Logical Configuration

UConn Future Mainframe Configuration
UCONNVM/UCONNVML UCONNVMB/UCONNMVS 2098-E10 SN – ????? Hardware Model – G MIPS CP-2 IFL -1 Up to 10 total processors Memory – 32GB FICON – FICON-E4 SX Qty – 16 ESCON – 32 OSA-E - 6 Software OS – z/VM 5.4 zLinux – Redhat, SuSe z/OS 1.7 DB2 v7 CICS 1.3 We currently have a couple of needs for parallel channels that we are planning to mitigate. We use 3174 controllers for console support, plans call for using ICC for z/Vm and z/OS consoles on the new machine. We also use coax connections to our STK silo LMU for communication with the Host Software Component (HSC) which is the software that controls the silos. We are actively looking into converting this communication to TCP/IP. The final need for a parallel channel is for the 3900 printer, we have one ESCON/Parallel converter that we plan to employ for this connection. For a tour of the z10 visit;

History of Computing – Mainframes

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