1. Lecture 7. Networking and telecommunications

2. Purpose Basic concepts and LAN components Types of networks
Architecture of a network. Technologies of connection to the Internet

3. Vocabulary Computer Network Local area network
Metropolitan area network
Wide area network
Communication hardware
Network Topology
Switch
Hub
Router
Twisted-pair cable
Fiber-optics
Coax-Cable
компьютерная сеть
локальная вычислительная сеть
общегородская сеть
глобальная сеть
коммуникационное оборудование
топология сети
переключатель
хаб
маршрутизатор
Витая пара
Волоконная оптика
Коаксиальный кабель

4. 1. Basic concepts and LAN components
Computer Network - An interconnection of computers and computing equipment using either wires or radio waves over small or large geographic distances.

5. The network usually includes four things:
1. Protocol - a set of communication rules to make sure that everyone speaks the same language.
2. Network interface card (NIC) - card that plugs into the back (or side) of your computers and lets them send and receive messages from other computers.
3. Cable - the medium to connect all of the computers together.
4. Hub (switch or router) - hardware to perform traffic control.

6. A network interface card
(NIC) is a circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. 

7. Communication hardware
A modem is a device or program that enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable lines.

8. Communication hardware

9. Physical Transmission Media
Coax-Cable
plastic outer coating
woven or braided metal
insulating material
copper wire
Twisted-pair cable
protective coating
glass cladding
optical fiber core
Fiber-optics

10. 2. Types of networks Some of the different networks based on size are:
Personal area network, or PAN
Local area network, or LAN
Metropolitan area network, or MAN
Wide area network, or WAN

11. Types of networks
PAN

12. Wireless Local Area Network
This is a LAN which works using wireless network technology such as Wi-Fi.

13. 3. Architecture of a network
The architecture of a network is a logical design that determines how the devices in the network communicate.
The commonly used architectures for computer networks are:
 Client-server architecture
 Peer-to-peer architecture
 Hybrid architecture

14. Client-server architecture
is a computing model in which the server hosts, delivers and manages most of the resources and services to be consumed by the client.

15. Peer-to-peer architecture
is a decentralized communications model in which each party has the same capabilities and either party can initiate a communication session.

16. The OSI model
OSI ( Open System Interconnect ) describes a framework to subdivide connection problems in networks into almost independent sub-problems

17. Network Topology
Network Topology is an arrangement of nodes, nodes are basically components of network.