1. Urine Collection Techniques
Reading Assignment: CTVT pages
& DRG pages

2. Anatomy Review
Urine accumulates in the bladder: we need to understand anatomy, to understand how to get to our goal.
Where is the bladder is located?
What else is contained within the abdomen around this location?
What is the bladder made of?

3. Canine Anatomy

4. Feline Anatomy

5. Indications for Urine Collection
Why would a veterinarian request a urinalysis?
Concern with bladder or kidneys:
Urolithiasis
Bacterial infection
Dehydration
Disease (ex. FLUTD, FIC, blocked tom, pyelonephritis)

6. Urine Testing What exactly are we testing for?
Color, specific gravity, ketones, protein, glucose, hematuria, crystals, microorganisms, etc.
*Note: samples tested for bacteria/fungi are typically sent
out to a lab

7. Collection Techniques
Voided/Free catch
Manual expression
Urinary catheter
Cystocentesis

8. Voided/Free Catch Gather your supplies Dog: Cat: Advantages:
Disadvantages:

9. Manual Expression
Technique:
Indications:
Contraindications:

10. Manual Expression Advantages: Disadvantages:
Complications that could happen:

11. Expressing the Bladder

12. Urinary Catheterization
Define urinary catheterization-
Indications:
Contraindications:

13. Types of Urinary Catheters
Red Rubber or Polypropylene Catheter
Foley Catheter
Tom Cat Catheter
Measured in French sizes

14. Urinary Catheterization
Male dog: The technically-easiest patient
1. Aseptic technique:
Prepuce hair must be clipped
Flush prepuce with _________ ______________________
Rinse with warm water or sterile saline
2. Wear gloves: exam or sterile?
3. Handle catheter ______________at all times
Butterfly tabs
4. Apply ____________ lubrication
Local anesthetic?

15. Urinary Catheterization
Male dog continued:
4. Restrainer will pull back prepuce to expose penis
5. Advance catheter through tip of penis, into urethra
Continue until urine is seen
6. Aspirate urine, or secure catheter in place
Use white tape and at least two ______ sutures
Note: If collecting urine for testing- discard the first _________ aspirated.

16. Urinary Catheterization
Female dog: more challenging than male dog
Prep is the same as male dog
Speculum and light source required
Find urethral opening 2-4 cm inside the vagina
Secured by taping catheter to the tail

17. Urinary Catheterization
Male cat:
Most common reason - urethral obstruction
Sedation or anesthesia likely
Prep site as normal; hind limbs are pulled cranially
Check for mucus plug; if cannot be removed advance tom cat or polypropylene catheter
Use sterile saline to push blockage
Secure with stay sutures

18. U. Catheterization Notes
Monitoring output
Closed system is created by attaching the catheter to an IV line and then a collection bag.
Normal patients should produce _______________ of urine
Maintenance
Urinary catheters must be removed every ______ days.

19. Urinary Catheterization
Complications from receiving a urinary catheter:

20. Cystocentesis
Define cystocentesis-
Indications:
Contraindications:

21. Cystocentesis Advantages:
Sample is free from all contaminations/disease in lower urinary tract
Considered the most sterile form of urine collection
Quick, minimal supplies
Minimizes ___________ UTI or trauma
Complications:
Possible laceration of bladder
Trauma/laceration of other anatomy
Iatrogenic _____________

22. Cystocentesis
Gather your supplies
Dog:
Cat:
Positioning

23. Cystocentesis
Locating the bladder:
Palpation

24. Bladder Location
Canine landmarks

25. Bladder Location
Tools available

26. Cystocentesis Procedure
1. Wet injection site with alcohol
2. Hold syringe so you can aspirate w/o changing position
3. Place needle directly into bladder (or where you believe bladder is), with intent, at a 45-90° angle.
Length of needle will determine depth into patient
4. Use aspiration to withdraw desired amount of urine.
5. ________ _________________ !!!!!
6. Bring needle straight out

27. Cystocentesis Troubleshooting
If you aspirate blood in your needle:
Abort mission, come straight out
Change needle and syringe and try again
If you get negative pressure:
May go deeper into animal BUT must first release pressure from aspiration
Aspirate again- if no urine, may change depth again (based on needle length)
If no urine: _____________________ & bring needle straight out
*MAY NEVER REDIRECT IN THE BLADDER

28. Urine Storage RTT or specimen cup
Urine must be transferred directly through the rubber top of the tube
Should be tightly sealed to prevent contamination or evaporation
Urine must be analyzed within 30 minutes of collection
If not:

29. Urine Storage up to 24 Hours
Why do we keep it in the refrigerator?
Slow the deterioration of components
Maintain current bacterial population
Why do we keep it out of sunlight?
UV light breaks down ____________