1. Cell Division Notes
Biology

2. Vocabulary
Mitosis: process of normal cell division, results in 2 identical cells
Meiosis: cell division involving gametes where number of chromosomes are cut in half
Homologous: chromosome from each parent match (the same)
Diploid: (double) two complete sets of inherited chromosomes

3. Vocabulary Haploid: single set of chromosomes (half)
Zygote: fertilized egg
Gamete: specialized cells involved in sexual reproduction cells (sex cells, sperm and ova)
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid = genetic information

4. Why do cells divide? Cells need to divide in order to:
Create more cells for the organisms to grow
Replace old cells
Create reproductive cells

5. Types of Cell Division Cell Cycle Meiosis Includes Mitosis
Used for creating more cells for organism growth and repair or replacement
Makes two identical copies
Meiosis
Used for creating reproductive cells
Makes four cells with half the genetic information in each

6. What is a chromosome?
Chromosome: a structure made of coiled DNA, formed during cell division
Made up of two sister chromatids held by a centromere

7. Cell Cycle Drawing, draw and label the phases

8. End Result of Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle ends in two identical cells called daughter cells

9. Meiosis Why meiosis? Chromosome number must be split in two
Cells are diploid (two sets of chromosomes)
Reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) are haploid (only one set of chromosomes)
How is it different from the cell cycle (mitosis)?
Requires two cell divisions
Each cell contain ½ of the chromosomes (genetic material)

10. Homologous Chromosomes
What is a homologous chromosome?
The pair of chromosomes from each parent
Ex: Homologous chromosome 1: 1 from Mom and 1 from Dad

11. Meiosis Parts of Meiosis Meiosis 1: homologous chromosomes separate
Meiosis 2: sister chromatids separate, four haploid cells are formed

12. Meiosis

13. Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis
On your own paper, answer the following:
1. How are the two processes different?
2. How are the two processes the same?
3. How are the end results the same?
4. How are the end results different?
5. What types of cells do each process?