1. Oklahoma City Community College
Phylum Nematoda
BIO 2215
Oklahoma City Community College
Dennis Anderson

2. Phylum Nematoda 12,000 species Cylindrical body
500,000 possible
Cylindrical body
Only longitudinal muscles
Noncellular cuticle with several layers
Pseudocoelomate
Mouth and anus

3. Nematodes Found everywhere
Soil
Oceans
Polar ice
Hot springs
Parasites of nearly all plant and animal species!

4. Echinodermata Uniramia Chelicerata Chordata Crustacea Other Chordata
Lophophores
Crustacea
Other Chordata
Arthropoda
Annelida
Hemichordata
Mollusca
Other
pseudocoelomates
Nemertea
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Ctenophora
Cnidaria
Mesozoa
Placozoa
Sarcomastigophora
Ciliophora
Porifera
Apicomplexa
Microspora
Myxozoa

5. Embryonic Development
Protostome
Blastopore becomes mouth
Deuterostome
Blastopore becomes anus

6. Fig. 15.1

7. Nematode Reproductive Systems
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Nematode Reproductive Systems

8. Dioecious

9. Dorsal and Ventral Nerve Cords

10. Caenorhabditis elegans
Free living nematode
Eutely
Constant number of cells
959 cells
Development of every cell is known
Genome sequenced
Compare genomes

11. Nobel Prize for Worms Sydney Brenner
C. elegans since 1963
Brenner, Sulston and Horwite awarded Nobel Prize in 2002

12. Ascaris lumbricoides Roundworm of man 1.2 billion people
Many in southeast US
Females lay 200,000 eggs a day
Unsanitary habits contaminate ground
Night soil

13. Life Cycle of Ascaris Lumbricoides
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Life Cycle of Ascaris Lumbricoides
Source: Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.

14. Enterobius vermicularis
Pin worm
50% of children in US
Spread
Fecal oral route
airborne

15. Life Cycle of Enterobius Vermicularis
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Life Cycle of Enterobius Vermicularis
Source: Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.

16. Hookworms Anterior end hooks Necator americanus Ancylostoma duodenale
Feed on blood
Cause anemia

17. Life Cycle of Necator Americanus
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Life Cycle of Necator Americanus
Source: Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.

18. Ancylostoma caninum

19. Cutaneous Larval Migrans
Hookworms from dogs and cats

20. Trichinella spiralis Trichina worm
Pigs, bear, dogs, cats, rats and man
Trichinosis
Encysts in muscles

21. Life Cycle of Trichinella Spiralis
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Life Cycle of Trichinella Spiralis
Source: (a) Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA. (b) Photo © Steve Miller

22. Wuchereria bancrofti Lives in lymphatic system
Obstruct lymph to cause swelling
Elephantiasis

23. Elephantiasis

24. Life Cycle of Wucheria spp.
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Life Cycle of Wucheria spp.
Fig
11-13
Source: Redrawn From Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.

25. Loa loa
Eye worm

27. Dracunculus medinesis
Fiery serpent

29. Dirofilaria immitis
Dog heart worm

31. The End