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Medication Administration Essentials
UNIT 10 Medication Administration Essentials
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Key Terms Allergy Ethical Illegal Meniscus Opaque Precipitate
Unethical
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Legal Implications Those who administer medications must be
Legally and ethically responsible for actions Licensed, registered, or authorized by physician Familiar with state laws Familiar with drugs being given
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7 Rights Patient Drug Dose Route Time Technique Documentation
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Right Patient Warning! Call patient by name or ask to state name
Do not rely on staff to identify your patient Patients in physicians’ offices do not wear ID bracelets as in hospitals Warning! If a drug is not given, you must state why You must properly dispose of drugs not given
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Right Drug Check label three times When taken from storage
Before removing from container When returning container to storage or prior to discarding
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Right Dose Have proper knowledge of drug calculations
Have another person verify accuracy Always compare dosage ordered to that on hand
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Right Route Check medication order for correct route
Be familiar with all routes in which particular drugs may be given If route is not specified, or if in doubt, verify with physician
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Right Time Check the time interval specified in the medication order
To maintain a drug at the proper blood level, timing is essential
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Right Technique Know and follow proper technique for any drug administered Use the “7 Rights” and specific physician instructions Consider safety measures Follow specific preparation techniques Check medication label for specific directions
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Right Documentation Chart is legal document Must include Patient name
Date and time of administration Medication name and dosage Route and site Adverse reactions Complications in administration Signature of administering staff (continues)
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Right Documentation Discussion Questions:
What would be some possible reasons that an ordered drug may not be given? If a medical assistant commits a medication error, is the physician also held accountable?
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Essential Guidelines Practice medical asepsis
Work in well-lighted area without distractions Follow the “7 Rights” of proper drug administration Check for allergies before administration Give only drugs ordered by authorized prescriber (continues)
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Essential Guidelines Check expiration date
Do not give a drug if it is altered in any way Give only those medications that you prepared Do not allow someone else to give medications you prepared (continues)
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Essential Guidelines Never give medication if there are questions about the order Confirm order with prescribing physician Be completely familiar with drugs you are giving (continues)
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Essential Guidelines Do not leave prepared medication unattended
Stay with patient until you are certain medication has been taken Keep drugs in safe storage place
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Liquid Medication Guidelines
Shake liquid preparations to mix Measure at eye level Measure from lowest point of meniscus Do not touch bottle to measuring device Do not contaminate the cap Hold bottle with label toward palm (continues)
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Liquid Medication Guidelines
Discussion Questions: When pouring liquid medication, should you hold the measuring cup at eye level or place it on a flat surface? What should you do if you do not feel comfortable giving a medication that the physician has ordered?
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Universal Precautions
Infection-control measures Blood and body fluids All persons treated as if contaminated with HIV
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Barrier Precautions Gloves Masks Goggles Gowns Aprons
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Sharps Precautions NEVER recap, bend, or break needles
Place all sharps in puncture-proof containers Use extreme caution when cleaning instruments
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Skin Precautions Wash hands immediately following exposure to blood or body fluids Workers with skin lesions should refrain from direct patient care or from handling equipment
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Resuscitation Guidelines
Where resuscitation is predictable, the following should be available: Mouth-to-mouth mouthpieces Resuscitation bags Ventilation devices
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Pregnant Healthcare Workers
Pregnancy is not a disability Pregnant workers are at no greater risk of contracting HIV than any other workers Pregnant workers should continue to follow strict universal precautions
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Standard Precautions for Infection Control
CDC recommended Combines universal precautions with body substance isolation (BSI) Applies to Blood All body fluids Nonintact skin Mucous membranes (continues)
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Standard Precautions for Infection Control
Discussion Questions: What is the difference between “universal precautions” and “standard precautions”? What should you do if you witness a coworker who fails to follow precautions?
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Storage of Medications
Medication room Well lighted Away from patient traffic Contains sink and refrigerator Plenty of cabinet space
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Categorization of Medications
By use: internal, external, otic, etc. By preparation: solid, liquid, etc. By route: oral, topical, rectal, etc. By therapeutic action: analgesics, antihistamines, etc. Alphabetical: generic, brand Principal actions: stimulants, depressants, etc. Actions of drugs: by body system
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Storage Guidelines Some drugs require special storage
Opaque containers Refrigeration Glass containers Samples kept separate from other medications (continues)
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Storage Guidelines Controlled substances stored in a locked box
Poisonous substances labeled in red All medications checked on regular basis to guarantee freshness
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Emergency Medications and Supplies
Be familiar with location of emergency medications and supplies Be familiar with your role in the event of an emergency Medications and supplies should be stored separately and checked regularly (continues)
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Emergency Medications and Supplies
Discussion Questions: What common emergency drug is used for anxiety, seizures, and as a muscle relaxant? Which emergency drug is used in the event of a narcotic overdose? What emergency drugs would be given for an anaphylactic reaction?
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Documentation Patient name Date and time of administration
Medication name and dose Route, site, and technique Adverse reactions (continues)
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Documentation Complications in administration
Patient data (BP, pulse, respiration) Effectiveness Signature of administering staff
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Medication Errors Drug given to wrong patient Wrong drug is given
Wrong dose is given Drug given by wrong route Drug given at wrong time Wrong technique is used Wrong data is documented (continues)
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Medication Errors Warning!
Although you must document the medication error, the incident report is not part of the patient’s record. DO NOT write “incident report filed” in the patient’s chart.
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If Errors Occur… Recognize the error Stay calm; assess patient
Report to physician Follow physician orders Document Complete incident report
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