1. QUESTIONS

2. YES / NO QUESTIONS
QUESTION WORDS & WH- QUESTIONS
TAG QUESTIONS
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
REPLY QUESTIONS
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
QUESTIONING FIGURES

3. YES / NO QUESTIONS
A Yes/No question is a question which can be answered with Yes or No. We form questions by changing the position of the subject and the auxiliary verb.
Are
you
from Germany?
Yes, I
am.
No,
am not. 'm not. Is he
your friend?
is.
Peter and John
from England?
they
are.

4. We form questions with “have got” by changing the position of the subject and “have” If there are two or more auxiliary verbs, we change the position of the subject and the first auxiliary. (Eg. Has he been waiting?)
Have
you
got
a cat?
Yes, I
have.
Has
your brother
a bike? he
has.

5. In the present simple and past simple there is no auxiliary verb, so we use “do/does” in the present simple questions and “did” in the past simple questions. Do
you
read
books?
Yes, I
do.
No,
don't.
Did
watch
the film yesterday?
did.
didn't.

6. QUESTION WORDS WH- QUESTIONS
Narrator: What do you do? Tyler Durden: What do you mean? Narrator: What do you do for a living? Tyler Durden: Why? So you can pretend like you're interested? (Fight Club, 1999)

7. WHAT, WHO AND WHICH What color is your car?
We use “what” with a noun or without a noun to ask mostly about things.
What color is your car?
What are you talking about?
We can sometimes use “what” to ask about people.
What actors do you like?
We use “who” without a noun to ask about people.
Who is your favourite actor?
Who told you the news?

8. We use “which” with or without a noun to ask about things or people when there is a restricted choice. Which color do you like best – red, blue or yellow? We use “which one” instead of “who” or “what” when there is a restricred choice. Which one do you prefer - …. ….. …..? We can also use “which of …..” Which of these colors do you like best?

9. We use “where” to ask about place.
We use “whose” with or without a noun to ask about possesion
Whose book is this?
Whose are these?
WHERE, WHEN, WHY AND HOW
We use “where” to ask about place.
Where are you going on holiday?
We use “when” to ask about time.
When were you born?

10. We use “why” to ask about purpose or reason. Why are you late
We use “why” to ask about purpose or reason. Why are you late? We use “how” to ask “in what way” How did you get here? We can use “how” with adjectives(tall, old) and adverbs (often, well) and with “much” and “many” How old are you? How much money have you got with you?

11. TAG QUESTIONS
You speak English, don't you? A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-question. The whole sentence is a "tag question", and the mini-question at the end is called a "question tag".

12. We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation
We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: "Am I right?" or "Do you agree?" They are very common in English. The basic structure is:
+ Positive statement,
- negative tag?
Snow is white,
isn't it?
- Negative statement,
+ positive tag?
You don't like me,
do you?

13. Look at these examples with positive statements:
negative tag [-]
subject
auxiliary
main verb
not
personal pronoun
You
are
coming,
n't
you? We
have
finished,
we? do
like
coffee,
They
will
help, wo
they? I
can
come, 't I?
must
go, He
should
try
harder,
he?
English,
John
was
there,

14. Look at these examples with negative statements:
positive tag [+]
subject
auxiliary
main verb
personal pronoun It is
n't
raining,
it? We
have
never
seen
that,
we?
You do
like
coffee,
you?
They
will
not
help,
they? wo
report
us, I
can
it right, I?
must
tell
her, He
should
drive
so fast,
he?
are
English,
John
was
there,

15. Some special cases: I am right, aren't I? aren't I (not amn't I)
You have to go, don't you?
you (do) have to go...
I have been answering,haven't I?
use first auxiliary
Nothing came in the post, did it?
treat statements with nothing, nobody etc like negative statements
Let's go, shall we?
let's = let us
He'd better do it, hadn't he?
he had better (no auxiliary)

16. Here are some mixed examples:
But you don't really love her, do you?
This will work, won't it?
Well, I couldn't help it, could I?
But you'll tell me if she calls, won't you?
We'd never have known, would we?
The weather's bad, isn't it?
You won't be late, will you?
Nobody knows, do they?

17. Containing words such as “neither, no (adjective), none, no one, nobody, nothing, scarcely, barely, hardly, hardly ever, seldom are treated as negative statements and followed by an ordinary interrogative tag. Peter hardly ever goes to parties, does he? Nothing was said, was it?

18. We often use tag questions to ask for information or help, starting with a negative statement. This is quite a friendly/polite way of making a request. For example, instead of saying "Where is the police station?" (not very polite), or "Do you know where the police station is?" (slightly more polite), we could say: "You wouldn't know where the police station is, would you?"
Here are some examples:
You don't know of any good jobs, do you?
You couldn't help me with my homework, could you?
You haven't got $10 to lend me, have you?

19. Intonation We can change the meaning of a tag question with the musical pitch of our voice. With rising intonation, it sounds like a real question. But if our intonation falls, it sounds more like a statement that doesn't require a real answer:
intonation
You don't know where my wallet is,
do you?
/ rising
real question
It's a beautiful view,
isn't it?
\ falling
not a real question

20. Sometimes we use question tags with imperatives (invitations, orders), but the sentence remains an imperative and does not require a direct answer. We use won't for invitations. We use can, can't, will, would for orders.
imperative + question tag
notes:
invitation
Take a seat, won't you?
polite
order
Help me, can you?
quite friendly
Help me, can't you?
quite friendly (some irritation?)
Close the door, would you?
quite polite
Do it now, will you?
less polite
Don't forget, will you?
with negative imperatives only will is possible

21. Same-way question tags
Although the basic structure of tag questions is positive-negative or negative-positive, it is sometimes possible to use a positive-positive or negative-negative structure. We use same-way question tags to express interest, surprise, anger etc, and not to make real questions.
So you're having a baby, are you? That's wonderful!
She wants to marry him, does she? Some chance!
So you think that's amusing, do you? Think again.
Negative-negative tag questions usually sound rather hostile:
So you don't like my looks, don't you?

22. NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
We normally form negative questions with the contraction “n’t” We often use negative questions to express surprise, dissappointment or annoyance. Don’t you smoke? I thought you did. Hasn’t she finished the letter yet? She’s been typing it all morning! Negative questions are common in exclamations. Isn’t it a terrible day! We also use negative questions when we think we know something and we are asking for confirmation. Are you Simon Robbinson?

23. I’m going to bed now? “Are you?” Oh, good night, then.
REPLY QUESTIONS
I’m going to bed now? “Are you?” Oh, good night, then.
These reply questions are not real questions, they often just show that we are listening. They can also Express interest, sympathy, surprise or anger, depending on the intonation.
In reply questions we use the same auxiliary verb that is in the sentence we are answering.

24. We use positive reply questions to answer positive statements, and negative reply questions to answer negative statements. But we can also answer an affirmative sentence using a negative reply question with a falling intonation. This expresses emphatic aggrement. It was a fantastic film. “Yes, wasn’t it? I really enjoyed it.”

25. INDIRECT QUESTIONS
When we ask people for information, we sometimes use “indirect” questions beginning with a phrase like Could you tell me … ?, Do you know ….? or Can you remember……?

26. Indirect questions are polite, longer forms of normal questions
Indirect questions are polite, longer forms of normal questions. For example: - Where's the department store? - Direct question - Could you tell me where the department store is, please? - Indirect question - What's his name? - Direct question - Do you know what his name is? - Indirect question

27. Indirect questions are formed of two parts: a polite expression, and a question which has no subject/verb inversion like a normal question . For example: - What's his name? - Do you know what his name is? - Indirect question There are infinite ways to make indirect questions. Not all indirect questions are questions at all, rather they are polite statements which encourage some kind of response.

28. I wonder if/whether. I can't remember if/whether
I wonder if/whether...? I can't remember if/whether...? Could you tell me if/whether...? Would you mind telling me if/whether...? Would it be possible for you to...? Is there any chance you could...? I don't suppose you could... I'd like to know if/whether... I can't remember...

29. QUESTIONING FIGURES

30. RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
Rhetorical question is a question asked merely for effect with no answer expected. The answer may be obvious or immediately provided by the questioner. The purpose of this figure of speech is not to secure a response but to assert or deny a point implicitly. A rhetorical question may serve as a subtle way of insinuating an idea that might be challenged by an audience if asserted directly.

31. Examples:
Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? If you prick us, do we not bleed, if you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? (Shylock in William Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice)

32. Can I ask a rhetorical question? Well, can I? (Ambrose Bierce)
Marriage is a wonderful institution, but who would want to live in an institution? (H. L. Mencken)
If practice makes perfect, and no one's perfect, then why practice? (Billy Corgan)

33. QUECLARATIVE It’s an utterance that has the form of a question but the force of a statement. Term (a blend of question and declarative) introduced by Jerrold M. Saddock in Toward a Linguistic Theory of Speech Acts (1974)

34. Examples:
Hello? What number are you calling? You've dialed the wrong number! Sorry? What good is that? How can you ever repay the last thirty seconds you have stolen from my life? I hate you, your husband, your children, and your relatives! (Mink Stole as Peggy Gravel in Desperate Living, 1977)
Michael: Are you serious? Wayne Jarvis: Almost always. (Arrested Development, 2006)

35. Having both the syntax and intonation of yes/no questions, queclaratives function indirectly as assertions in cases where the speaker already knows the answer to the question to be the opposite of the proposition.

36. EROTESIS Erotesis is a rhetorical question implying strong affirmation or denial. Also, as defined by Richard Lanham in A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms (1991), a rhetorical question "which implies an answer but does not give or lead us to expect one, as when Laertes rants about Ophelia's madness: 'Do you see this, O God?' (Hamlet, IV, v).“

37. Examples:
Was I not born in the realm? Were my parents born in any foreign country? Is not my kingdom here? Whom have I oppressed? Whom have I enriched to other's harm? What turmoil have I made in this commonwealth that I should be suspected to have no regard to the same?" (Queen Elizabeth I, response to a Parliamentary delegation, 1566)

38. Erotesis, or Interrogation, is a figure by which we express the emotion of our mind, and infuse an ardour and energy into our discourse by proposing questions. As these questions have the force of a climax, they ought to be pronounced with increasing force to the end."

39. HYPOPHORA
Hypophora is a rhetorical term for raising questions and immediately answering them.
What makes a king out of a slave? Courage! What makes the flag on the mast to wave? Courage! What makes the elephant charge his tusk in the misty mist, or the dusky dusk? What makes the muskrat guard his musk? Courage! (The Cowardly Lion in The Wizard of Oz, 1939)

40. What kind of peace do I mean and what kind of. a peace do we seek
What kind of peace do I mean and what kind of a peace do we seek? Not a Pax Americana enforced on the world by American weapons of war. Not the peace of the grave or the security of the slave. I am talking about genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living, and the kind that enables men and nations to grow, and to hope, and build a better life for their children. (John F. Kennedy, commencement address at American University, 1963)

41. EPIPLEXIS
Asking questions to rebuke or reproach rather than to elicit answers.
Have you no shame?
Are we children of a lesser God? Is an Israeli teardrop worth more than a drop of Lebanese blood? (Lebanese Prime Minister Fouad Siniora, July 2006)

42. All that glitters isn't gold
Man make houses, women make homes
A friend in need is a friend indeed

43. THANKS FOR LISTENING
ZACK TOLGA COHIZZLE SAYKO

44. REVISION A : Dude, we made a great presentation, didn’t we?
T : Yeah, Sure, I think it’s the best presentation ever :D
A : You’re right. It’s a sample of completeness. Content is completely relevant to theme of presentation, we provided high level of audience interest and engagement in the content.
T : And very well organized with effective transitions between subtopics. We used attention-getting introduction and clear ending. What about language, vocabulary or fluency?
A : I think, we generally used accurate language and adequate vocabulary for task.
T : But the noteworthy parts of our presentation are audiovisual aids. Materials are clear, readable and relevant. I think, we showed our imagination and creativity.