1. Homework due: Wednesday, November 25th
Answer the following exam-style questions for assessment (look at the following two slides for guidance on answering these types of questions!)
1) How successful was Trotsky in his attempts to reform the Red Army (8 Mark Question)
Remember this type of question asks you to consider his aims / short & long term success, etc.
2) Describe what happened to the Romanov royal family in July 1918 (4 Mark Question)
Discuss today
Know date / place / time / why murdered!
SHP page 57

2. Why did the Reds win the Civil War
LO: to progress from describing to explaining why the Reds won the Civil War

3. LO: to progress from describing to explaining why the Reds won the Civil War
To Start
You have 2 minutes to come up with 3 reasons why the Reds won
No notes
No conferring!

4. Reading Task 1) Read page 74-75 on War Communism
No notes at this point
2) Read page 76 on Cheka
_____________________________________________________
3) Brainstorm in pairs to add to your list why the Reds won

5. surplus food was given to the army
You’ve seen some reasons why the Whites lost, now look at some more reasons why the Reds won. The Bolsheviks started a policy known as war communism:
surplus food was given to the army
the state took control of the railways
money was abolished in favour of barter
terror was used to force people to obey.
The Cheka was a secret police force that terrorized people into fighting for the Reds. Suspects were rounded up and tortured and their families were threatened.
Millions of Russians died of starvation as food was confiscated to be given to the troops fighting against the Whites in the civil war.
Teacher’s Notes
War communism was the method that the Bolsheviks used to control Russia, in particular the economy, during the civil war. It involved the following:
the nationalization of nearly all the railways by the state
a ban on private trade meaning that all surplus produced became the property of the government to distribute as it wished
requisitioning (seizure) of surplus peasant grain to feed soldiers at the front and workers in the towns
the attempt to abolish the use of money, barter and rationing would be used instead
the use of terror to force people to comply with the regulations
ranks and discipline were restored to the army in order to maintain control of the troops during the civil war.
If the policies were meant to stimulate growth in the economy then they were a failure. In almost all areas production levels fell as people saw no point in producing surpluses that were going to be taken away from them by the government. The situation in the countryside was particularly bad where peasants hid grain rather than hand it over to Cheka agents. Terrible scenes of cruelty ensued when Cheka agents found hidden stores of grain. This, combined with the terrible famine, resulted in an estimated 5 million deaths between 1917 and 1921.

6. Steal Activity: Explain why the Bolsheviks won the Russian Civil War
Teams of 4
Divide your A3 paper into four boxes
Label the boxes:
War Communism / The use of the Cheka
Trotsky’s Leadership
Geographical Advantages
Problems with the Whites

7. Steal Activity: Explain why the Bolsheviks won the Russian Civil War
Using only your notes, you will have 3 minutes to write down as many different facts to mention for that point.
For Example: Problems with the Whites – They have a clear lack of aims (some want the Tsar back while others want to restore the Constituent Assembly)
_______________________________________________________________
After the three minutes are up, one person from each group will have exactly one minute to go to other groups to steal ideas and add it to your own sheet.
No covering up your sheets during the steal phase!
Names on your sheets, as I will collect the sheets in.
During the next activity, I will award the best group mini-merits.

8. Follow Up Writing Task
Write down what you believe to be the most important reason the Reds won the Civil War.
Explain the reason you have chosen, and analyze why it is more important than other reasons.

9. Homework due Friday Make bullet-point notes on pages:
87, 88, and 92 of the WJEC book:
War Communism
The situation in the towns
The situation in the countryside
The Cheka and the Red Terror
Economic, Social and Political Conditions in 1921 (will learn about next lesson)
The Kronstadt rising and the abandonment of War Communism.

10. Teacher’s Notes
Question 1
The correct answer is Trotsky.
Question 2
The correct answer is radishes.
Question 3
The correct answer is the Whites.
Question 4
The correct answer is the use of terror. People starving to death is a consequence of the policy, not a feature.
Question 5

11. Why did the Reds win the civil war?
Teacher's Notes
The answers are:
Trotsky, the Commissar for War, had control of the railway network and was able to move troops and supplies more efficiently than the White generals could do: Strategic; Economic
The Reds controlled the areas of Russia were most of the industrial resources existed: Economic
The Cheka and Red Army were more successful in their use of terror than the White armies: Control
Trotsky was inspirational; he created an army which hated the White generals and believed it would win: Morale
War communism was successful to an extent in supplying the troops with food: Economic
White armies were made up of a mixture of groups and nationalities that weren’t all fighting for the same cause: Morale
The Whites were fighting on four separate fronts and couldn’t get supplies easily to their troops: Strategic, Economic
The Whites depended on supplies from abroad and this made them look like foreign agents determined to destroy Russia: Economic, Morale
The Bolsheviks promised to give the land to the peasants but the White leaders would have given it back to landowners: Economic, Morale
The foreign intervention by countries like Britain and France was never co-ordinated so didn’t have a chance of winning: Strategic
The foreign troops were war-weary from World War I and would never have put up with a long war: Strategic, Morale
Many White leaders and soldiers were former tsarist troops and this didn’t inspire local people to fight for them: Morale

15. Why did the Reds win the civil war?
Essay question
Why did the Reds win the civil war?
Having just identified the types of reasons, you should now be able to write this essay, using the following headings:
1. Which were the most important factors: strategic, economic, control or morale?
2. Could the Whites have won even if they had managed to work together or did the Reds have too many advantages?
3. How important was the use of terror tactics in controlling the troops and winning the war?
4. How important was morale as a factor in winning the war?

16. Homework due Friday Make bullet-point notes on pages:
87, 88, and 92 of the WJEC book:
War Communism
The situation in the towns
The situation in the countryside
The Cheka and the Red Terror
Economic, Social and Political Conditions in 1921 (will learn about next lesson)
The Kronstadt rising and the abandonment of War Communism.