1. Animal Farm Introduction

2. Warm up
Finish packet from yesterday

3. Animal Farm by George Orwell
Written in 1945
At the time it was published, the UK and US were in alliance with the Soviet Union making the book very controversial and it was initially rejected by a number of publishers.

4. Novella - a work of fiction with a compact and pointed plot that is intermediate in length and complexity between a short story and a novel
Satire - a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn
Fable - a narration intended to enforce a useful truth; especially one in which animals speak and act like human beings
Literary Categories

5. Background Information
Allegory - Symbolic, fictional figures and actions are designed to represent truths or generalizations about human existence
Based on the events leading up to the Russian Revolution between 1917 and 1943.
Orwell creates an allegory to compare the Russian Revolution to a farm, Animal Farm.
Background Information

6. Animal Farm is a fable, an allegory, and a satire
Animal Farm is a fable, an allegory, and a satire! It is a satirical retelling of the Russian Revolution and the rise of Stalin, told from the perspective of animals.

7. Referenced Forms of Government
Communist government - follows a theory advocating elimination of private property; goods are owned in common and are available to all as needed
Reality - Karl Marx introduces communism, Leon Trotsky tries to implement a communist government.
Book – Old Major dies, Snowball tries to implement communist/classless society run by the animals
Socialism, a type of society between capitalism and communism distinguished by unequal distribution of goods and pay according to work done.
Reality - people are oppressed under Czar Nicholas II
Book – People are oppressed under Mr. Jones

8. Referenced Forms of Government
Totalitarian government - the political concept that the citizen should be totally subject to an absolute state
Reality - Joseph Stalin manipulates people to enforce a totalitarian government then kills off allies
Book – Napoleon manipulates the animals to enforce a society that caters to the pigs. authority.

9. Characters and The Groups they Represent
Mollie – horse, pampered, that still support owner
Represents middle class, usually property owners
Boxer – horse, hard workers, have to work to live
Represents working class, must work to live
Cat – Careless uninvolved
Represents the politically inactive
Moses – Raven that is left out
Represents religion, Grigori Rasputin, left/stayed out

10. Characters and The Groups they Represent
Muriel – Goat, literate
Represents the educated
Benjamin – Donkey; sceptics
Represents people who were skeptical. Those who knew the revolution would not work
Dogs – loyal to the revolution
Represents the KGB – The Committee for State Secretary
Squealer – pig, convinces others the pigs need more
Represents the Propaganda Dept.

11. Characters and The People they Represent
Mr. Jones = Czar Nicolas II
Czar before revolution. Was harsh and oppressive

12. Characters and The People they Represent
Old Major = Karl Marx
Designed communism, wanted a classless society, made the plan
Snowball = Leon Trotsky
Opposed Czar, Charismatic, conceited, believed in Marx; supports communism
Napoleon = Joseph Stalin
Quiet but manipulative to get what he wants, Eventually beats Trotsky/Snowball, Totalitarian Ruler = government rule

13. Events in The book versus Reality (Allegory)
Old Majors Dream – Communist Manifesto Marx’s, outlines communism
The fall of Mr. Jones - represents the overthrow Tsar Nicholas II.
Battle of Cowshed – represents the Russian Civil War
The Windmill - the decision whether to expand communism.
Napoleon's Initiative – represents Stalin’s 5 Year Plan
Hen’s Rebellion - represents Stalin's Great Purge
Battle of Windmill - represents World War II.
Boxers Death - represents Stalin's betrayal of the proletariat
Final Feast -  alludes to the beginning of the Cold War.

14. Places Represented:
Manor Farm: Russia
Animal Farm: USSR
Pinchfield: Germany
Willingdon: English
Sugar Candy Mountain: Heaven
Animalism: Communism
Windmill: Stalin’s Five Year Plan
Selling of the wood: Nazi-Russian agreement
Battle at the Windmill: Battle of Stalingrad (Nazi invades Russia )

15. annotations Unknown words Summary (Per Chapter) Characterization
Include author’s purpose
Characterization
Symbolism
Allegory
Theme
Corrupt government
Uneducated citizens

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