1. Ceramics
Mrs. Rogers Art 1

2. Ceramics Terms Greenware - Unfired pottery. Ready to be bisque fired.
Stages of Clay
Plastic – Soft clay used to make coils, slabs, etc.
Leather Hard - Stage of the clay between plastic and bone dry. Clay is still damp enough to join it to other pieces using slip. For example, this is the stage handles are applied to mugs.
Bone Dry - Completely air dried
Bisque Fire - First firing, without glaze. Slips can be used in a bisque firing.
Glaze firing - The final firing, with glaze.
Stoneware – Buff colored clay, used for coffee cups, ext. Fires at 1800 degrees Fahrenheit. Porcelain - White stoneware, made from clay prepared from feldspar, china clay, flint and whiting. Earthenware - A low fired clay body. Glazed pottery is fired to a temperature of 1, ,010 degrees Fahrenheit. For our purposes this clay is red.
Wedging - A method of kneading clay to make it homogenous by cutting and rolling. (removes air pockets and a way to add water) Slab - Pressed or rolled flat sections of clay used in hand building.
Coil Pot - pot made with spiral of clay: a pot formed from a structure of coils or ropes of clay laid one on top of the other in a spiral Slip - Clay mixed with water with a mayonnaise consistency. Used in casting, decoration and attaching pieces of clay.
Slip, Score, Blend – procedure for attaching clay parts for a permanent bond. Fire - To heat a clay object in a kiln to a specific temperature. Glaze - A thin coating of glass. An impervious silicate coating, which is developed in clay ware by the fusion under heat of inorganic materials. Kiln - A furnace of refractory clay bricks for firing pottery and for fusing glass.

3. Stages of Clay
Material through which a ceramicist (handbuilding) or potter (wheel throwing) works..

4. Slip
Liquid clay; “glue”

5. Plastic
Workable; “play dough”
Slip
Liquid clay; “glue”

6. Leatherhard Plastic Slip Half dry; darker color Workable; “play dough”
Liquid clay; “glue”

7. Bone Dry Leatherhard Plastic Slip
FRAGILE!!!; lighter color; AKA Greenware
Leatherhard
Half dry; darker color
Plastic
Workable; “play dough”
Slip
Liquid clay; “glue”

8. Bisque Bone Dry Leatherhard Plastic Slip
First firing in kiln; eliminates all moisture
Bone Dry
FRAGILE!!!; lighter color; AKA Greenware
Leatherhard
Half dry; darker color
Plastic
Workable; “play dough”
Slip
Liquid clay; “glue”

9. Plastic Slip Bone Dry Leatherhard Glaze Bisque
Apply like paint; seals surface of clay body
Bisque
First firing in kiln; eliminates all moisture
Bone Dry
FRAGILE!!!; lighter color; AKA Greenware
Leatherhard
Half dry; darker color
Plastic
Workable; “play dough”
Slip
Liquid clay; “glue”

10. Plastic Slip Bone Dry Leatherhard Glaze Bisque Second Fire
Higher temperature than bisque fire
Glaze
Apply like paint; seals surface of clay body
Bisque
First firing in kiln; eliminates all moisture
Bone Dry
FRAGILE!!!; lighter color; AKA Greenware
Leatherhard
Half dry; darker color
Plastic
Workable; “play dough”
Slip
Liquid clay; “glue”

11. Plastic Slip Bone Dry Leatherhard Glaze Bisque POTTERY! Second Fire
Higher temperature than bisque fire
Glaze
Apply like paint; seals surface of clay body
Bisque
First firing in kiln; eliminates all moisture
Bone Dry
FRAGILE!!!; lighter color; AKA Greenware
Leatherhard
Half dry; darker color
Plastic
Workable; “play dough”
Slip
Liquid clay; “glue”

12. Pinch Pots
2) Turn the piece as you pinch.  This will help you to keep an even thickness in the walls of the piece.
1) Begin with a ball of clay.  Push your thumb into the center.  Then pinch up the walls.
3) Gently pat the bottom on a flat surface to create a flat spot on the bottom of the piece.

13. Pinch Pots

14. Coil Pots
For strength, force the clay together on the inside of the piece.  Use you finger and scrape the top coil onto the coil under it.
When smoothing the inside of the piece hold you other hand on the outside so you do not damage what you have already completed.
When hand rolling coils, use a smooth surface and spreading your hands to apply even pressure.
If you want the top level, gently turn your piece over and lightly tap it on a smooth surface.
Roll the coils so that they are a little thicker than a pencil. Then stack the coils one on top of another.

15. Native American Pottery (Coil)

16. Maria Martinez – Indian Potter
Coil Pots – Applied Slip Decoration

17. Slab Building – Art 2

18. Chimu Culture Pottery - Sacred

19. Sacred Vessel Example

20. Clay Vessel Drinking Vessel Hold liquid
Consideration of qualities (displayed)
Consideration for gripping the vessel
Utilize visual movement to draw eyes around design
Max size: 8 inches
Minimum size: 5 inches
Noun:
A hollow utensil, used as a container.

21. Tea Bowls
Tea bowls are used in ritualistic tea ceremonies.

22. Tea Bowls
Some have symbolic images painted or impressed onto the clay body.

23. Embellishing Pottery
Pssst…that’s fancy for decorating!

24. Embellishing Pottery
Applique
Add clay
Use “score, slip, blend”

25. Embellishing Pottery Applique Incise (Carve) Add clay
Use “score, slip, blend”
Incise (Carve)

26. Embellishing Pottery Applique Incise (Carve) Pierce (Cut out) Add clay
Use “score, slip, blend”
Incise (Carve)
Pierce (Cut out)

27. Embellishing Pottery Applique Pierce (Cut out) Incise (Carve)
Add clay
Pierce (Cut out)
Use “score, slip, blend”
Incise (Carve)
Surface Texture
Stamps, etc.
Impressions

40. The Plan

41. The Plan

42. The Plan

44. Clay Vessel Drinking Vessel Hold liquid
Consideration of qualities (displayed)
Consideration for gripping the vessel
Utilize visual movement to draw eyes around design
Max size: 8 inches
Minimum size: 5 inches
Noun:
A hollow utensil, used as a container.