The Hebrew Language For then [changing their impure language] I will give to the people a clear and pure speech from pure lips, that they may all call.

The Hebrew Language For then [changing their impure language] I will give to the people a clear and pure speech from pure lips, that they may all call upon the name of the Lord, to serve Him with one unanimous consent and one united shoulder [bearing the yoke of the Lord]. (Zephaniah 3:9)

Introduction This is to give a basic understanding of Hebrew
By no means are we saying that the Bible interpreters are wrong This may provide us ultimately with a tool to grasp the deeper meaning of some words in the Bible

Resources Our main focus will be Biblical Hebrew
For this purpose I will use mainly I will introduce conversational Hebrew from time to time Other sources: Strongs Exhaustive Dictionery Staley, Jim. Passion for Truth Ministries. Hebrew Alphabet video series. Hebrew and Yiddish Languages ( ), Tracey R Rich

h d g b a y j x z w s n m l k r q c p [ t V Basic Alephbet Hey 5
Dalet 4 Gimmel 3 Beth 2 Aleph 1 y j x z w Yod 10 Tet 9 Chet 8 Zayin 7 Wav 6 s n m l k Samech 60 Nun 50 Mem 40 Lamed 30 Kaph 20 r q c p [ Resh 200 Qof 100 Tsade 90 Pey 80 Ayin 70 t V Tav 400 Shin 300

Final Letters

Few Basic Rules Hebrew Alephbet consists of 22 letters
Hebrew reads from right to left Hebrew has only Consonants in the Alephbet The Vowels are represented through dots and dashes below or above the letters In English the vowels and consonants can be in any order e.g. C-V-C-C-V-C In Hebrew the vowel will always follow the consonant e.g. C-V-C-V-C

Vowels

Different Pronunciations
Sephardic is the most common Hebrew pronunciation in Israel today Some orthodox Jewish communities still has the Ashkenazic pronunciation There are three particularly significant differences: the vowel pronounced as "aw" in Ashkenazic is pronounced as "ah" in Sephardic; the vowel sometimes pronounced as "oy" in Ashkenazic is pronounced as "oh" in Sephardic. Lastly, the consonant Tav, which is always pronounced as "t" in Sephardic, differs in Ashkenazic pronunciation - Tav also has a soft sound, and is pronounced as an "s" when it does not have a dagesh.

Transliteration The process of writing Hebrew words in the Roman (English) alphabet is known as transliteration. Transliteration is more an art than a science, and opinions on the correct way to transliterate words vary widely. This is why the Jewish festival of lights (in Hebrew, Chet-Nun-Kaf-He) is spelled Chanukah, Chanukkah, Hanuka, and many other interesting ways.

Numerical Values Each letter in the alefbet has a numerical value.
Alef through Yod have the values 1 through 10. Yod through Qof have the values 10 through 100, counting by 10s. Qof through Tav have the values 100 through 400, counting by 100s. Final letters have the same value as their non-final counterparts. The number 11 would be rendered Yod-Alef, the number 12 would be Yod-Bet, the number 21 would be Kaf-Alef, the word Torah (Tav- Vav-Resh-He) has the numerical value 611, etc. The only significant oddity in this pattern is the numbers 15 and 16, which if rendered as 10+5 or 10+6 would be a name of God, so they are normally written Tet-Vav (9+6) and Tet-Zayin (9+7). The order of the letters is irrelevant to their value; letters are simply added to determine the total numerical value. The number 11 could be written as Yod-Alef, Alef-Yod, Heh-Vav, Dalet-Dalet-Gimmel or many other combinations of letters.

Gematria Because of this system of assigning numerical values to letters, every word has a numerical value. There is an entire discipline of Jewish mysticism known as Gematria that is devoted to finding hidden meanings in the numerical values of words. For example, the number 18 is very significant, because it is the numerical value of the word Chai, meaning life. Donations to Jewish charities are routinely made in denominations of 18 for that reason. It has been pointed out that the numerical value of Vav (often transliterated as W) is 6, and therefore WWW has the numerical value of 666! In Hebrew numerals, the position of the letter/digit is irrelevant; the letters are simply added up to determine the value. To say that Vav-Vav-Vav is six hundred and sixty-six would be false. The numerical value of Vav-Vav-Vav in Hebrew would be =18, so WWW is equivalent to life

Lesson 1 a and b

Aleph - a The "aleph" is the first letter of the Hebrew alephbet.
This consonant is silent. This letter also represents the numerical value “1” Every letter in Hebrew also has an individual meaning originating from the ancient pictograms

Ancient Pictogram The Ancient Pictogram for Aleph is represented by an Ox head This is representative of a “strong powerful leader”, also referred to as “the head”

How to write Aleph

ba Example Transliterated as “av”
Reminder when dagesh is absent in the letter beyt it is pronounced as “v” for “vine” We generally knows it as “ab” which means “father”. Aleph means strong leader or head and beyt means house Therefore the word AV represents the meaning of : “the strong leader of the house” or “the strength of the house”

Beyt - b The "beyt" is pronounced two ways, a "b" as in ball, and as "v" as in visit. A dagesh (a dot in the middle of the letter) indicates that the letter will have the "b" sound, while the abscence of the dagesh indicates the "v" sound. When the beyt is prefixed to a word it means "in".

Example Beresheeth - בראשׁית Resheeth – beginning - ראשׁית Be – Resheeth – in the beginning בראשׁית

Ancient Pictogram This letter is a picture of a nomadic tent such as would have been used by the ancient Hebrews and represents what is inside the tent - the family. The meaning of this letter can be tent or within. When this letter is placed in front of the word erets the word be'erets is formed and means "within a land."

How to write Beyt

Vowels a| The qamats. This vowel, which is placed under the consonant, is pronounced "a" as in father. Since the aleph is silent, this consonant/vowel combination would be pronounced as "a". (Note: The aleph here is not part of the vowel, it is simply used here to show the placement of the vowel only) a; The patahh. This vowel is also pronounced "a" as in father

Vocabulary aB' Ba' Av Father ba Came :aB' ba' Father came.

Lesson 2 M and y

m - Mem In ancient Paleo Hebrew the Mem is written
m – looks like water The Meaning – mighty, blood, chaos m is pronounced as “m” for “mother” At the end of a word mem is written as ~ The pronunciation stays the same

y - Yud In Ancient Hebrew – I This reflects a closed hand
The meaning – work, throw, worship y is pronounced as “y” as in “yes” When y is added to the end of a word it means “of me” or “my”

Example ba av Father yba avee My father

Vowels Hhireq - ai Tsere – ae Pronounced as “i” in “machine”
Pronounced as “e” as in “grey”

M; ~; me mi ai ae Bi be Be bi
Practise M; ~; me mi ai ae Bi be Be bi Ma ma mey me ie ey bie vey bey vie ~ai ~ae ymi yBi ybi yai yae Eem eym mee bee vee ee eyee

~ae ymi ymiae ybia' Vocabulary Word Hebrew Mother eym Who mee
My mother ymiae eymee My father ybia' avee

aB' ymi `aB' ybia' Sentences English Hebrew Who came? Mee ba
My father came `aB' ybia' Avee ba

Lesson 3 Revision

Lesson 4 n (nun)

aiB; ymi aB; ybia' ~wOlv' aB; ba' Revision Av ba Father came Who came?
Mi ba? Aviee ba Shalom Father came Who came? My father came Peace

n (nun) Ancient Hebrew The ancient Paleo Hebrew for nun is n
This represents a seed that germinates Meaning - seed is the continuation of a new generation. Can also mean son or heir. In short Nun means seed, life, son or heir Also means continuity, perpetuality or eternality In Aramaic nun means fish

n (nun) and ! (nun sofit) Pronounced as “n” for “no”
Nun also has a final form ! Pronunciation does not change Nun is the 14th letter in the alephbet and represents number 50

Few Nun Words Nun: 14th letter in alephbet Nachal: Inheritance
Nahar: River Natah: Stretch out Na’ar: Young person Nefesh: Soul Ne’eman: Faithful Navi: Prophet Nisan: First month of Biblical year Noah: Rest Nacham: Comfort Ner: Candle

Writing Nun

!Be ynE nE n: aynI ynE an" !mi bn" Sounds beyn ny’ee ney na nie’a
ney’ee na’a mien nav

ynIa' yae !Be aybin" Vocabulary I aniy where ey’ee son beyn prophet
naviee

Ybia' yae ba' ynIa' aB' ynIBe Sentences Where is my father? ei’ee ba
I am a father Aniy av aB' ynIBe My son came. Beynee ba

Lesson 5 h (hey)

h (Hey)

e (hey) Ancient Hebrew Man with arms raised
The man pointing out a wonderful sight says, “Look.” Can also mean sigh or breath. In short – Behold, look, revelation or breath Represents the breath of God, divine revelation and His light

h (hey) Pronounced as “h” in “hello” It is pronounced only with breath
When a word end in a hey it is usually a female form “Ba” (came) in its female form is “ba’ah” It is also used as prefix to indicate “the” (definite article) The two indefinite articles “a” and “an” does not exist in Hebrew and needs to be added in translation Hey represents number 5 Hey therefore represents grace

Writing Hey

Notes The English verb “to be” does not exist in Hebrew
This include the various tenses “is”, “am” and “are” These need to be added in translation The emphasis or accent in Hebrew usually are on the final syllable rather than the preceding The word “I” in Hebrew is “aniy” and the accent is on the last syllable to be “a-niy” instead of “an-iy” Ya-da

Interesting Change in Abram
mrba Abram – stong leader of the house that is the head of many nations mhrba Abraham - stong leader of the house that is the head and brings revelation to many nations

Few Hey Words Ha: the Har: mountain Halal: to shine, to praise
Heykal: palace, temple Hadar: splendor Hagah: to meditate

bh; hB' !Be ynE nE n: he hi h' !mi hm' bn" hnE hnI hn" !he !h; hn"B'
Sounds bh; hB' !Be ynE nE n: he hi h' hav ba’ah beyn ny’ee ney na hey hie ha !mi hm' bn" hnE hnI hn" !he !h; mien ma’ah nav ney’ah nie’ah na’ah heyn han hn"B' hb'n" aynI ayhi ynE an" yhi banah navah nie’a hie’a ney’ee na’a hi’ee

ynIa' yae !Be ayhi aybin" ha'B' hm' or hm; h' or h; Vocabulary I aniy
where ey’ee !Be son beyn ayhi she hi’ee aybin" prophet naviee ha'B' came (f) ba’ah hm' or hm; what ma’ah h' or h; the ha

Ybia' yae ba' ynIa' ayhi ymi aB' aybin"h' aybin" hm' aB' ynIBe
Sentences Ybia' yae Where is my father? ei’ee ba ba' ynIa' I am a father Aniy av ayhi ymi Who is she? Miee hiee aB' aybin"h' The prophet came Hanaviee ba aybin" hm' What is a prophet? Ma’ah navi’ee aB' ynIBe My son came. Beynee ba

Lesson 6 l (lamed) and w (wav)

General l is pronounced “l” as in “long”
It is the 12th letter of the alphabet and carries the value of 30 When l is used as prefix it means “to”, “towards” or “for”

Ancient Hebrew l is a shepherds staff
The staff gives the shepherd authority to guide his sheep It is used to steer sheep towards pastures, safety or a sheepfold It therefore carries the meaning of: Authority Teach Bind Toward

Writing Lamed

Vowels a. : Sh’va It is a silent vowel and is used to create a break between syllables Example: Lailah (hl'y>l;) which means night a, : Segol It is pronounced “e” as in “elephant”

General rules When a syllable includes an “a” vowel and is followed by a yod, it is pronounced “ai” as in “isle” Example: Lailah (hl'y>l;) This is not applicable in ma-yim (~yIm;) Hebrew has masculine and feminine nouns, but no neutral nouns When a word end with “yod-mem” ( ~y ) combination it is the masculine pleural form. When a dagesh is placed within a letter of which the pronunciation does not change, it tells you that letter is repeated. Example: hin’ney ( hNEhi ) which means “here”

yl; yl' l; n: he li le !mi lh' hl' lhe hle hl'm. alem' hm'b.l, lyIl;
Sounds yl; yl' l; n: he li le lai lai la na hey lie ley !mi lh' hl' lhe hle mien hal la’ah heyl ley hl'm. alem' hm'b.l, lyIl; hB'li m’lah maley lev’maah la’yiel li’bah

hl;y>l' lae ~yIm; !mea' hNEhi ~y" ynINEhi yli Vocabulary Night
lai’lah lae God eyl ~yIm; Water ma’yim !mea' Amen amein hNEhi Here hin’ney ~y" Sea yam ynINEhi Here am I hin’ney’nee yli To me lee

aB' hl'y>l; yli aB' ynIBe hl'iy>l;B; ha'B' ~ae ~y"B; ~yIm;
Sentences aB' hl'y>l; Night came Lailah ba yli aB' ynIBe My son came to me Bey’nee ba lee hl'iy>l;B; ha'B' ~ae Mother came in the night Eim ba’ah ba’lailah ~y"B; ~yIm; Water is in the sea Mayim ba’yam

Lesson 7 w (wav)

General w is pronounced “v” as in visit
When used as a prefix it means “and” It is the sixth letter of the alphabet Value of 6

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew – w Represents a tentpeg
The tent was supported by ropes attached to pegs driven into the ground. These pegs were made of a branched piece of hardwood. No English word is derived from this letter but the picture is similar to the hand of a man "waving". Meaning – add, secure or hook

Writing Wav

Last week’s Vowels a. : Sh’va
It is a silent vowel and is used to create a break between syllables Example: Y’hoshua ([;vuwOhy>) which means Joshua a, : Segol It is pronounced “e” as in “elephant” Avie v’eymee hin’ney

Vowels ao : Hholam A : Hholam Maley Pronounced as “o” as in open
Pronounced “o” as in often or open The wav becomes silent When used as suffix it means “to him” or “his”

yl; yIw> w< w: Ah l. le ww< Lw" hl' lwE hle hl'm. alem'
Sounds yl; yIw> w< w: Ah l. le lai v’yie we wa ho l’ ley ww< Lw" hl' lwE hle wew wal la’ah veyl ley hl'm. alem' hm'b.l, lyIl; hB'li m’lah maley lev’maah la’yiel li’bah

hl;y>l' ~Ay ~yIm; ~yhil{a, hNEhi ~y" ynINEhi yli Vocabulary Night
lai’lah ~Ay Day yom ~yIm; Water ma’yim ~yhil{a, Elohim Eloheem hNEhi Here hin’ney ~y" Sea yam ynINEhi Here am I hin’ney’nee yli To me lee

aB' hl'y>l; yli aB' ynIBe hl'iy>l;B; ha'B' ~ae ~y"B; ~yIm;
Sentences aB' hl'y>l; Night came Lailah ba yli aB' ynIBe My son came to me Bey’nee ba lee hl'iy>l;B; ha'B' ~ae Mother came in the night Eim ba’ah ba’lailah ~y"B; ~yIm; Water is in the sea Mayim ba’yam hNEhi ymiaew> ybia' My father and my mother are here Avie v’eymee hin’ney

Lesson 8 r (resh)

General r is pronounced “r” as in rain
It is the 20th letter of the alphabet Value of 200 Resh must not be confused with letter Dalet r and d In Hebrew the verb is written before the subject

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew – r Represents a head
The head, as the top of the body is representative of anything that is at the top, head or beginning of something Thus the meaning – head, top or beginning

Writing Resh

Last Week’s Vowels ao : Hholam A : Hholam Maley
Pronounced as “o” as in open A : Hholam Maley Pronounced “o” as in often or open The wav becomes silent When used as suffix it means “to him” or “his”

Sounds Ar yr; ri re ro rai rie rey rh' br; ry: rnE har rav yar neyr

rm;a' ar'B' hr'm.a' ~Ay rAa yBir; Vocabulary Said (m) amar Created (m)
bara hr'm.a' Said (f) am’rah ~Ay day yom rAa light owr yBir; Rabbi rabbi

rAa lae ar'B' yBir; ymi ~h'r'b.a; yae hl'y>l;w> ~Ay Sentences
God created light Bara Eyl owr yBir; ymi Who is the Rabbi Mie’ee rabbi ~h'r'b.a; yae Where is Abraham? Ey’ee Av’raham hl'y>l;w> ~Ay Day and night Yom v’lailah

Lesson 9 v (Shin)

General v is pronounced “sh” as in shame or Xo – “s” as in sign
When the dot is in the top right corner of letter it is pronounced “sh” When dot is in the top left corner of the letter it is pronounced as “s” It is the 21st letter of the alphabet Value of 300 In Hebrew the verb is written before the subject

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for v – s./, Represents teeth
The front teeth are sharp for cutting meat. Thus the meaning – Sharp, press, eat Ancient Hebrew for Xo – X Represents a thorn A thorn holds onto the skin or fur of animals. Thus the meaning – Hold

Writing Shin

yXo, yve Av Xoe Xoi v; vAr fr' rfi rAv ryvi rX;o rv' lv, vh, ~yfi bf;
Sounds yXo, yve Av Xoe Xoi v; sey shey show sey sie sha vAr fr' rfi rAv ryvi rX;o rv' rosh ras sier showr shir sar shar lv, vh, ~yfi bf; vmi shel hesh sieem sav mish

~Alv' ~yIm;v' rf; ~ve hr'm.a' rm;a' Vocabulary Peace shalom
Heavens/skies shama’yim rf; ruler sar ~ve name sheym hr'm.a' Said (f) Am’rah rm;a' Said (m) amar

~yIm;v'h' lae ar'B' ywIle ymiv. ~h'r'b.a; Amv. ~Alv' rf; Amv. hm;
Sentences ~yIm;v'h' lae ar'B' God created the heavens Bara Eyl hashamayim ywIle ymiv. My name is Levi Sh’miee leyviee ~h'r'b.a; Amv. His name is Abraham? Sh’mo Av’raham ~Alv' rf; Ruler of Peace Sar shalom Amv. hm; What is his name? Maa sh’mo

Lesson 10 [ (Ayin)

General [ is silent It is the 16th letter of the alphabet Value of 70

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for [ – o./, Represents eye
Thus the meaning – watch, know, shade

Writing Ayin

Vowels W : Shuruq The dot in the wav is pronounced “u” as in tune
The wav is silent

a[, W[ [i Wr Wm Al WB AB Ah Wl Wh lWv [Be Sounds e u / oe ie ru mu lo
bu bo ho Wl Wh lWv [Be lu hu shul bey

br,[, bAj laer'f.yI l[; ayhi aWh rmeAv Vocabulary evening erev good
tov laer'f.yI Israel Yis’rael l[; Over, on, upon al ayhi She hie aWh He hu rmeAv Keeping, guarding shomeyr

br,[,B' aB' ymi br,[,B' ha'B' ayhi br,[,B' aB' aWh Sentences
Who came in the evening? Mie ba ba’erev br,[,B' ha'B' ayhi She came in the evening Hie ba’ah ba’erev br,[,B' aB' aWh He came in the evening Hu ba ba’erev

la,r'f.yI l[; ~Alv' Amv. hm; la,r'f.yI Amv. Sentences
Peace over Israel Shalom al Yisrael Amv. hm; What is his name? Ma’a sh’mo la,r'f.yI Amv. His name is Israel. Sh’mo Yisrael

Lesson 11 j (Tet)

j is pronounced “t” as in tune
General j is pronounced “t” as in tune It is the 9th letter of the alphabet Value of 9 In Hebrew the adjective is written after the noun E.g. : הָאוֹר ט֑וֹב

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for j – u Represents a clay basket
A basket contains the foods and possessions of the family Thus the meaning – Surround, contain, hold, fence

Writing Tet

Last week’s Vowels W : Shuruq
The dot in the wav is pronounced “u” as in tune The wav is silent

j[, a[, aj, W[ Aj jae [i j; Wr Wm Wl Al WB AB Wh Ah jW[ [Wj bAj lWv
Sounds j[, a[, aj, W[ Aj jae [i j; et e te u / oe tow eyt ie ta Wr Wm Wl Al WB AB Wh Ah ru mu lu lo bu bo hu ho jW[ [Wj bAj lWv jb, [Be ut / oet tu tov shul vet bey

br,[, bAj laer'f.yI l[; ayhi aWh rmeAv Vocabulary evening erev good
tov laer'f.yI Israel Yis’rael l[; Over, on, upon al ayhi She hie aWh He hu rmeAv Keeping, guarding shomeyr

bAj br,[, br,[,B' aB' ymi br,[,B' ha'B' ayhi br,[,B' aB' aWh Sentences
Good evening Erev tov br,[,B' aB' ymi Who came in the evening? Mie ba ba’erev br,[,B' ha'B' ayhi She came in the evening Hie ba’ah ba’erev br,[,B' aB' aWh He came in the evening Hu ba ba’erev

la,r'f.yI l[; ~Alv' Amv. hm; la,r'f.yI Amv. Sentences
Peace over Israel Shalom al Yisrael Amv. hm; What is his name? Ma’a sh’mo la,r'f.yI Amv. His name is Israel. Sh’mo Yisrael

Lesson 12 t (Tav)

General t is pronounced “t” as in time
A dagesh may appear in the letter but does not change the sound It is the 22nd letter of the alphabet Value of 400

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for t – t./,
Represents two crossed sticks Thus the meaning – signature, mark, sign

Writing Tav

Vowels a/: Combination of Segol and Sh’va
This vowel is pronounced “eh” as in elephant Pronounced very softly

Few General Rules The Hebrew word for Moses appears to be missing a vowel after the "mem". Hebrew requires a vowel after each consonant, the vowel is the "o" placed above the letter "Shin". The dot over the right leg of the letter "Shin" and the vowel "o" are in the same place. The "et" precedes a definite direct object of the verb and is rarely translated into English. For example, if I said "I made the dinner", the definite direct object is "the dinner" because "the" comes before "dinner". In this case the word "et" would precede "the dinner" in Hebrew. Should we say "I made a dinner", the "et" would not precede it since "dinner" in this sentence is not a definite direct object.

Few General Rules An exception to the rule requiring the C- V-C-V pattern is the word "reshiyt“. The aleph does not always require a vowel after it. tyviare The dagesh will commonly be found in some letters such as the shin (V) and the tav (T). In the Sephardic pronunciation these dagesh have no impact on the pronunciation and can be ignored

At t/ ti rWt dymi lt; la/ tB; Sounds tow teh tie tur/toer mied tal ehl
bat

hv,m ~yhiloa, ta, !t;n" tB;v; Wnl' tyviare Vocabulary Moses Moshe God
Eloheem ta, Precedes the definite object of the verb et !t;n" Gave (m) natan tB;v; Sabbath Sha’bat Wnl' To us La’nu tyviare Beginning reysheet

~Alv' tB;v; tB'v;h; ta, Wrm.v'w> hr'Ath; ta, Wnl' hv,m !t;n"
Sentences ~Alv' tB;v; Peaceful Shabbath Sha’bat shalom tB'v;h; ta, Wrm.v'w> And they will keep the Sabbath V’sham’ru et ha’sh’bat hr'Ath; ta, Wnl' hv,m !t;n" Natan Moshe lanu et ha’torah Moses gave to us the Torah

~yhiloa/ ar'B' tyviareB. Sentences In (the) beginning God created
Beresheet bara Eloheem

Lesson 13 d (Dalet)

d is pronounced “d” as in dig
General d is pronounced “d” as in dig It is the 4th letter of the alphabet Value of 4

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for d – d Represents a tent door
Thus the meaning – movement, hang, enter

Writing Dalet

Ad d' de d; dWt tde Wl dd; td, dt/ dto tAd dymi bd; Sounds dow da dey
tud deyt lu dad det ted tod tAd dymi bd; dot meed dav

dymil.h; hd'ymil.h dmeAl td,m,Al Vocabulary Student (m) Hal’mid
Student (f) Hal’mi’dah dmeAl Study (m) Lo’meyd td,m,Al Study (f) Lo’me’det

hr'Ath; ta, dmeAl dymil.t;
Sentences ~yhiloa/ ar'B' tyviareB. In (the) beginning God created Beresheet bara Eloheem hr'Ath; ta, dmeAl dymil.t; A student studies the Torah Tal’mid lo’meyd et ha’torah hr'At td,m,Al hd'ymil.t; A student studies Torah Tal’mi’dah lomedet torah

ht;a' ~Alv' Shalom atah

Lesson 14 c (Tsade)

General c is pronounced “ts” as in tsar
At the end of a word it changes to sofit form # It is the 18th letter of the alphabet Value of 90

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for c – y./,
Represents someone lying on his side Thus the meaning – wait, chase, snare, hunt

Writing Tsade

Vowels a] : combination Sheva and Patach
It breaks the word the same as in the case of the sheva, but with an “a” sound When placed under the first consonant of the word. a\ : combination Sheva and Qamats

c' c, co ci ac, #ci #r, #ao #ho hco Sounds tsa tse tso tsi tse tsiets
rets owts #ho hco hots tso

#r,a, hw"c.mi tciyci t[;r;c' ~yIr;c.mi Vocabulary Land erets
commandment Mits’vah tciyci fringes tsi’tsit t[;r;c' leprosy Tsara’at ~yIr;c.mi Of Egypt Mitz’rayim

~yIm;V'h; ta, ~yhiOla/ ar'B' tyviareB. #r,a'h' taew>
Sentences ~yIm;V'h; ta, ~yhiOla/ ar'B' tyviareB. #r,a'h' taew> Beresheet bara Eloheem et hashomayim v’eyt ha’erets In (the) beginning God created the heavens and the earth

Lesson 15 q (Quph)

General q is pronounced “q” as in quiet or cry
It is the 19th letter of the alphabet Value of 100

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for q – q./,
Picture of the sun at the horizon where the light is concentrated at this point, while the rest of the sky is dark Thus the meaning – condense, circle, time

Writing Quph

q' q, qo qi #qo qci qc; #qe hq' aq; qr; Sounds qa qe qo qi qots tsieq
tsaq qeyts hq' aq; qr; Qa’a qa raq

Vocabulary #r,a, Land erets hy"h" exist Ha’yah

Sentences וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יְהִ֤י מְאֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַיּ֖וֹם וּבֵ֣ין הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְהָי֤וּ לְאֹתֹת֙ וּלְמ֣וֹעֲדִ֔ים וּלְיָמִ֖ים וְשָׁנִֽים Vayomer Elohyim y’hi me’orot bir’kiya, hashamayim l'hav‘diyl bayn hayom uvayn halai'lah v'hayu l'`otot ul'mo,adiym ul'yamiym v‘shaniym And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years:

Lesson 16 x (Chet) and k(Kaf)

General x is pronounced “ch” as in Bach (The German composer)

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for x –h./,
The Hebrew word "Hhets" means a "wall" as well as "half" as the wall divides the tent in half. The Hebrew sound written as "Hh", is not used in English. It is a hard guttural sound made in the back of the throat as in the German name "Bach". Thus the meaning – wall, separate, outside, divide, half

General k is pronounced “kh” as in Bach (The German composer)
When a dagesh appears in the letter ( K) it is pronounced as “k” as in kick It is the 11th letter of the alphabet It has a value of 20

General The sofit $ has the same pronunciation as “kaf”
Most words end on a consonant The final Kaf will usually be followed by a vowel

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for k – k./,
The picture is the open palm of the hand. The palm facing up and bent forms a "cupped" shape. The palm is representative of anything that is bent Thus the meaning – bend, open, allow, tame

Writing Chet

Writing Kaf

General Rules When the “ah” vowel appears under the “chet” as in x;koo, the sounds usually trade places. (ko’ach)

xu xi x, x; ku Ko Ke k, ki ^xi xKi &xe ^xe xk' x;Ko %h; xa; ^x; %x;
Sounds xu xi x, x; ku Ko Ke k, ki chu chi che cha khu ko key khe khi ^xi xKi &xe ^xe xk' x;Ko %h; chikha kiech cheykhi cheykha khach ko’ach hakh xa; ^x; %x; %a; ^r; x;ru x;ro ach cha’kha chakh akh ra’akh ru’ach ro’ach

Vocabulary !Ke Yes, so keyn bXo,[, Grass, herb esev #[, Tree, wood etz

Sentences וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ קָ֣רָא לָ֑יְלָה וַֽיְהִי־ עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־ בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃ פ

Sentences וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ קָ֣רָא לָ֑יְלָה וַֽיְהִי־ עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־ בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃ פ Vayik'ra Elohiym la’or yom v'lahoshekh kara lay'lah vay'hiy erev vay'hiy voker yom echad And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day. (Gen 1:5)

z (Zayin) and p(Pey/Fey)
Lesson 17 z (Zayin) and p(Pey/Fey)

General (z) z is pronounced “z” as in “zebra”

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for z –z./,
A mattock, an agricultural tool for working the crop fields. The Hebrew word for mattock is “zan” The mattock is representative of tools used for cutting. Thus the meaning – cut, food, weapon

General (p) p is pronounced “ph” as in phone (no dagesh)
When a dagesh appears in the letter ( P) it is pronounced as “p” as in pet It is the 17th letter of the alphabet It has a value of 80 The has the same pronunciation as “ph”

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for p – p./,
The picture is the mouth and represents something that is open. The Hebrew word for mouth is “Pey” The mouth is the opening into the body Thus the meaning – open, blow, scatter, edge

Writing Zayin

Writing Pey

zI Az z< z" pu Po Pe p\ p/ @z< zP] zh, zae @a' azE hz" @qu %zE
Sounds zI Az z< z" pu Po Pe p\ p/ zie zo ze za pu po pey pha phe @z< zP] zh, zae @a' azE hz" zeph paz hez eyz aph zey zah @qu %zE @K; zv; zv\ !P' x;po quph zeyk kaph shaz shaz pan po’ach

rv,a] hf'[' ~ynIP' Vocabulary Which, who a’sher Make, do (m) asah Face
Pa’nieem

Sentences (Gen1:11) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים תַּֽדְשֵׁ֤א הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ דֶּ֔שֶׁא עֵ֚שֶׂב מַזְרִ֣יעַ זֶ֔רַע עֵ֣ץ פְּרִ֞י עֹ֤שֶׂה פְּרִי֙ לְמִינ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר זַרְעוֹ־ ב֖וֹ עַל־ הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיְהִי־ כֵֽן׃

Sentences וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים תַּֽדְשֵׁ֤א הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ דֶּ֔שֶׁא עֵ֚שֶׂב מַזְרִ֣יעַ זֶ֔רַע עֵ֣ץ פְּרִ֞י עֹ֤שֶׂה פְּרִי֙ לְמִינ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר זַרְעוֹ־ ב֖וֹ עַל־ הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיְהִי־ כֵֽן׃ Va’yomer Elohyeem tad’sha ha’aretz de’she a’sev maz'riya, zera atz p'rie oseh p'rie l'miyno asher zar'ov vo al ha`aretz vay'hiy kan And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. (Gen 1:11)

g (Gimmel) and s(Samech)
Lesson 18 g (Gimmel) and s(Samech)

General (g) g is pronounced “g” as in “girl”

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for g –c./, The picture of a foot
The Hebrew word for foot is “gam” The foot is representative of travelling and gathering water at watering holes Gimmel is also associated with a camel Thus the meaning – gather, walk, carry

General (s) s is pronounced “s” as in sister
It is the 15th letter of the alphabet It has a value of 60

Ancient Hebrew Ancient Hebrew for s - x/./,
The picture is a thorn, which attaches itself to the flesh causing pain. "sin" comes from this letter as it also causes pain in our flesh. The Hebrew word for thorn is “sin” A thorn grabs or holds onto the skin or fur of an animal Thus the meaning – grab, hold, hate, protect

Writing Gimmel

Writing Samech

gO g" g| G? si se s] su so hgO ag< ga; aAg hse sa' ~s, dso rsu sg:
Sounds gO g" g| G? si se s] su so go ga ga ge si sey sa su so hgO ag< ga; aAg hse sa' ~s, go ge ag go seyh as sem dso rsu sg: gse @se sse sm; sod sur gas seyg seyph seys mas

Vocabulary lK' All kol ~d'a' Man adam @A[ Bird oph hg"d' Fish dagah

Sentences (Gen1:26) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים נַֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֛ם בְּצַלְמֵ֖נוּ כִּדְמוּתֵ֑נוּ וְיִרְדּוּ֩ בִדְגַ֨ת הַיָּ֜ם וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וּבַבְּהֵמָה֙ וּבְכָל־ הָאָ֔רֶץ וּבְכָל־ הָרֶ֖מֶשׂ הָֽרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־ הָאָֽרֶץ׃

Sentences וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים נַֽעֲשֶׂ֥ה אָדָ֛ם בְּצַלְמֵ֖נוּ כִּדְמוּתֵ֑נוּ וְיִרְדּוּ֩ בִדְגַ֨ת הַיָּ֜ם וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם וּבַבְּהֵמָה֙ וּבְכָל־ הָאָ֔רֶץ וּבְכָל־ הָרֶ֖מֶשׂ הָֽרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־ הָאָֽרֶץ׃ Vayomer Elohiym na’aseh adam b'tzal'manu kid'mu’tanu v'yir‘du Vid'gat hayam uv‘of hashamayim uvab'hemah uv'khal ha`aretz uv'khal harems haromes al ha`aretz And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.

~t,a' ~Alv' Shalom atem

The Hebrew Language For then [changing their impure language] I will give to the people a clear and pure speech from pure lips, that they may all call.

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The Hebrew Language For then [changing their impure language] I will give to the people a clear and pure speech from pure lips, that they may all call.

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Presentation on theme: "The Hebrew Language For then [changing their impure language] I will give to the people a clear and pure speech from pure lips, that they may all call."— Presentation transcript:

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