1. 1 THE RESTLESS EARTH You need to know:
What is the structure of the earth.
What is Continental Drift
What causes Folding
What causes Earthquakes
What causes Volcanos

2. (3) THE CORE: VERY HOT NICKLE
(1) CRUST: OUTER LAYER. GROUND WE ARE STANDING ON
INSIDE THE EARTH
(2) MANTLE: HOT MELTED ROCK CALLED MAGMA
(3) THE CORE: VERY HOT NICKLE

3. THE EARTHS PLATES
The earths crust is cracked like a jicksaw. We call each piece a Plate.
The plates float on the liquid mantle so they are moving around : Continental Drift

4. PLATES COLLIDE
Plates push against each other and the crust
crumples. We call this Folding and it forms
Fold Mountains like the Alps
PLATES SEPARATE
Where plates are moving apart from
each other, a crack (Fissure) opens up
and the liquid magma underneath
bubbles up. When magma reaches the
surface it is called Lava. The lava forms
mountains called Volcanos. Eg Vesuvius
PLATES SLIDE
When plates slide along each other the
rubbing builds up tension which then
releases as an earthquake. Where this
happens is called the epicentre.
Eg San Francisco 1906 and 1989.

5. SAY WHETHER THE FOLLOWING IS A FEATURE OF PLATES COLLIDING, SEPARATING OR SLIDING
Folding
Volcano
Lava
Earthquakes
Fold Mountains
Epicentre

6. IMPACT OF EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANOS ON PEOPLE

7. PACIFIC RING OF FIRE HAS THE MOST EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOS IN THE WORLD.
EFFECTS OF AN EARTHQUAKE: 2009 JAPAN EARTHQUAKE & TSUNAMI
BUILDINGS, ROADS AND HOUSES DESTROYED
PEOPLE HAVE NO WHERE TO LIVE
JOB LOSSES AS BUSINESSES ARE DESTROYED.
EARTHQUAKE CAUSED HUGE WAVES CALLED TSUNAMIS WHICH DESTROYED HUNDREDS OF COASTAL TOWNS.
WAYS TO PREVENT DISASTER.
BUILD STRONGER BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE WHICH CAN WITHSTAND AN EARTHQUAKE.
EDUCATE PEOPLE WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE.
AID AGENCIES LIKE CONCERN PROVIDE, FOOD AND SHELTER TO HELP PEOPLE AFTER AND EARTHQUAKE.

8. EFFECTS OF A VOLCANO: MT VESUVIUS, ITALY
IN AD79 MT VESUVIUS ERUPTED AND DESTROYED THE ROMAN CITY OF POMPEII.
VOLCANO ALSO CAUSED EARTHQUAKES WHICH DETROYED BUILDINGS
MT VESUVIUS ATTRACTS MILLIONS OF TOURISTS WHICH PROVIDES A LOT OF JOBS AND MONEY
THE VOLCANO MADE THE LAND AROUND MT VESUVIUS VERY FERTILE FOR FARMING.

9. KEY TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW
Core
Mantle
Crust
Magma
Continental Drift
Three ways plates move
Fold Mountain
Volcano
Earthquake