1. Scientific Method SC.912.N.1.1

2. 1. According to the graph, what abiotic factor influences tadpole survival?
Size of pond
Available food
Cadmium dosage
Number of surviving tadpoles

3. 2. A group of students placed a sprig (piece) of a conifer in a
beaker of water. They measured the amount of oxygen given
off during a set period of time to determine the rate of
photosynthesis. They changed the temperature of the beaker
using an ice bucket and a hot plate. Their data are summarized
in the graph below.

4. 2. What is the responding dependent variable?
Number of oxygen bubbles.
The sprig of conifer
Temperature
Time

5. 3. A research group is developing a new design for the turbine blades in a jet engine to increase the engine's thrust. They have developed four different blade designs. What should the engineers do first in order to test these designs? A. Use regular-sized versions of all blades for testing in different engines at the same time. B. Use small scale models of each blade and test them in a small scale version of the engine. C. Use regular-sized versions of each blade one at a time for testing in the same engine. D. Use computer software to simulate the behavior of each blade design before creating and testing them.

6. 4. A team of scientists is studying how an acid produced by the body affects an enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction. As part of their study, they add different concentrations of the acid, in moles per liter (M), to test tubes containing both the enzyme and the reactants of the chemical reaction. In each test tube, the concentrations of the reactants and enzyme are held constant. Their results are shown in the table. Based on their data, which of these is the best conclusion that can be drawn by the scientists?

7. Concentration of acid added to test tube
4. of these is the best conclusion that can be drawn by the scientists?
Concentration of acid added to test tube
Mass of reaction product (mg)
No acid added
100
0.005 M 95
0.020 M 50
0.100 M 6
A. The acid enhances the activity of the enzyme. B. The acid decreases the activity of the enzyme. C. The acid has no effect on the production of the enzyme. D. The acid must be present in order for the enzyme to be produced.

8. 5. Miles and Allison are conducting a science experiment on bacteria
5. Miles and Allison are conducting a science experiment on bacteria. Miles and Allison each have a different hypothesis about what is going to happen. After repeating their experiment several times, they realize that the results of the experiment do not clearly support either hypothesis. What should Miles and Allison do next? A. assume Miles' hypothesis is correct B. revise their hypotheses and do another test C. change their results to match one of their hypotheses D. repeat the experiment until it supports one of their hypotheses

9. 6. How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses?
Theories are the same as hypotheses. b.
Theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses. c.
Hypotheses combine the ideas of several theories to explain events. d.
Hypotheses are the dominant view among scientists.

10. 7. An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semipermeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation. Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable membranes?

11. A. Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane. B
A. Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane. B. Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane. C. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration. D. Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes.

12. 8. The distinction between law and theory as used by scientists is:
a law is just a convenient hypothesis whereas a theory is known to be true. b.
a law tells what happens, and a theory tells us why it happens. c.
A scientific theory becomes a scientific law when there is enough evidence supporting it. d.
scientific laws always conform to "common sense" whereas scientific theories rarely do.

13. OUT OF 8 QUESTIONS 1/8= 13% 5/8 = 63% 2/8 = 25% 6/8 = 75% 3/8 = 38%
4/8 = 50%
5/8 = 63%
6/8 = 75%
7/8 = 88%
8/8 = 100%

14. 1. According to the graph, what abiotic factor influences tadpole survival?
Size of pond
Available food
Cadmium dosage
Number of surviving tadpoles
c. Cadmium dosage

15. 2. What is the responding dependent variable?
Number of oxygen bubbles.
The sprig of conifer
Temperature
Time
a. Number of oxygen bubbles

16. 3. A research group is developing a new design for the turbine blades in a jet engine to increase the engine's thrust. They have developed four different blade designs. What should the engineers do first in order to test these designs? A. Use regular-sized versions of all blades for testing in different engines at the same time. B. Use small scale models of each blade and test them in a small scale version of the engine. C. Use regular-sized versions of each blade one at a time for testing in the same engine. D. Use computer software to simulate the behavior of each blade design before creating and testing them.
D. Use computer software to simulate the behavior of each blade design before creating and testing them.

17. Concentration of acid added to test tube
4. of these is the best conclusion that can be drawn by the scientists?
Concentration of acid added to test tube
Mass of reaction product (mg)
No acid added
100
0.005 M 95
0.020 M 50
0.100 M 6
A. The acid enhances the activity of the enzyme. B. The acid decreases the activity of the enzyme. C. The acid has no effect on the production of the enzyme. D. The acid must be present in order for the enzyme to be produced.
B. The acid decreases the activity of the enzyme.

18. 5. Miles and Allison are conducting a science experiment on bacteria
5. Miles and Allison are conducting a science experiment on bacteria. Miles and Allison each have a different hypothesis about what is going to happen. After repeating their experiment several times, they realize that the results of the experiment do not clearly support either hypothesis. What should Miles and Allison do next? A. assume Miles' hypothesis is correct B. revise their hypotheses and do another test C. change their results to match one of their hypotheses D. repeat the experiment until it supports one of their hypotheses
B. revise their hypotheses and do another test

19. 6. How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses?
Theories are the same as hypotheses. b.
Theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses. c.
Hypotheses combine the ideas of several theories to explain events. d.
Hypotheses are the dominant view among scientists.
b Theories unify a broad range of
observations and hypotheses.

20. 7
A. Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane. B. Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane. C. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration. D. Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes.
C. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.

21. 8. The distinction between law and theory as used by scientists is:
a law is just a convenient hypothesis whereas a theory is known to be true. b.
a law tells what happens, and a theory tells us why it happens. c.
A scientific theory becomes a scientific law when there is enough evidence supporting it. d.
scientific laws always conform to "common sense" whereas scientific theories rarely do.
b a law tells what happens, and a theory tells us why it happens.

22. OUT OF 8 QUESTIONS 1/8= 13% 5/8 = 63% 2/8 = 25% 6/8 = 75% 3/8 = 38%
4/8 = 50%
5/8 = 63%
6/8 = 75%
7/8 = 88%
8/8 = 100%