1. What Is a Project?
“A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service.”
Instructor Do
Solicit answers from participants before showing this slide.
Instructor Say
“What is a project?”
Record answers on a flipchart.
Ask the participants for examples of projects they have worked on. Examples may include:
Designing a new vehicle.
Constructing a building.
Developing a new course.
Relocating your office.
Running a campaign.
Installing a new computer.
Developing a new payroll system.

2. What Is Project Management?
“Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations.”
Instructor Do
Read through the slide.
Indicate that PMI stands for the Project Management Institute, a nonprofit professional organization established to serve the project management profession. For further information, participants can call PMI at (610) (in the US).

3. Project Manager
“The person who is responsible for the project and will be held accountable for its success or failure.”
Instructor Do
Read through the slide.
Indicate that the role of the project manager has been defined by PMI in the Code of Ethics for the project management professional, which will be discussed in a later section of the course.

4. Within Available Resources
The Triple Constraint
Project Scope
Cost
Quality
Within Available Resources
Schedule(Time)

5. Balancing the “Project Success Triangle”
A clear understanding of customer priorities
“Team” skills
Thorough planning
An organized, structured process
Instructor Say
To achieve success by balancing this triangle, it might seem that black magic is what is needed. But that’s not true. What we need are:
A clear understanding of customer priorities
“People” skills for yourself and your team
Thorough planning
An organized, structured method to manage and control the project
Another way to look at the triangle is by using travel as an example.
There are several ways to get from one part of the country to another (New York to Los Angeles for vacation)
How do these methods compare on cost, quality (scenic travel), delivery (how much time it will take)?
Car (low cost, high quality, slow delivery)
Train (moderate cost, high quality, moderate delivery)
Airplane (high cost, low quality, fast delivery)
We make trade offs everyday on how we try to balance the magic triangle.

6. Project Management Process
Initiation
Planning
Execution
Controls
To help guide you through the process you need a roadmap of some type …
Closeout

7. Project Stakeholders What is a project stakeholder?
If you can gain or lose from the success or failure of a project, you have a “stake” in the project.

8. Key Project Stakeholders
Customer/client
Project sponsor
Project manager
Project team
Instructor Say
The project team is made up of its “stakeholders.” These are the people who have a “stake” in the project or win if the project is successful and lose if it’s not.
Transition
Each stakeholder has a set of responsibilities to fulfill for the project to be a success.

9. Tools & Techniques of project management

10. Project Plan
Provides an effective communication tool to ensure understanding of project goals and the means to achieve them
Defines outcomes and commitments
Establishes guidelines and standards
Establishes the baseline for evaluating and reporting progress
Forms the basis for scope control and change management
Instructor Say
Read through the slide.
Has anyone ever picked up a project in the middle when the former project manager has been reassigned? What was that like (name of person raising his/her hand)?
Although the project manager has overall responsibility for developing the project plan, a good plan can not be prepared without the participation of the project team members.

11. Project Notebook Project Pre-plan Project Plan Project Implementation
Project Close-out
Project Administration
Instructor Say
The project notebook is started in the planning phase. It represents a documented history of the project.
It can be used as an excellent communication tool among team members.
Three-ring binders with tabbed sections can be used to develop the notebook.
Transition
Now that we have covered some introductory concepts, let’s take a closer look at the Roadmap to Project Management Success.

12. Statement of Work — Purpose
Define the scope of the project
Establish customer expectations
Serve as a “contract” if necessary
Instructor Say
The statement of work is prepared in order to:
Define the scope of the project
Establish customer expectations
Serve as a “contract” if necessary
Since it represents the foundation document upon which the rest of the plan is built, time should be taken to prepare a well-written, clear statement of work for the project.

13. Generic Contents Customer Project Title Purpose Background
Deliverables
Measurable success indicators
Customer support
Risk plans
Instructor Say
Let’s take a closer look at what’s included in the statement of work.
The statement of work includes:
Customer and project information
Project title (name of the project or project goal)
Purpose (what the project will achieve)
Background (the information known about the project)
Deliverables (end products of the project—tangibles)
Measurable success indicators (how well the project must be completed to be successful)
Customer support (what the customer is expected to provide)
Risk plans (alternative plans in case of road blocks or detours)

14. General planning & scheduling tools
Project management tools help the manages to administration, planning and scheduling of project. One can often use the software charting facilities included in this software to produce graphical versions of your plans.
Project management tools has the following features:
Create a task
Store information about a task (e.g. who will do it, how long it will take etc)
Update task information as your project changes
Generate plans based on tasks
Publish charts and reports to help you manage the project and to present information to the stakeholders

15. Gantt chart & PERT charts
The common charts are Gantt charts and PERT charts
A Gantt chart is a picture of how long all the tasks should take. You can use Excel to create a Gantt chart

16. Gantt chart & PERT charts
The common charts are Gantt charts and PERT charts
A PERT chart (program evaluation and review technique) shows the dependencies between tasks. It depicts the task, its duration and dependency information 50
T = 1wk
T = 2wks G D 20
T = 4wks 60
T = 1wk E A 10 F B 30
T = 2wks A 40 C
T = 2wks
T = 1wk

17. Critical Path Methods
Critical path methods identify the minimum time needed to complete a project. They show which tasks are on the critical path. This lets you, as project manager, prioritise these tasks to make the project more likely to finish on time.
Critical path analysis (CPA) works on the principle that some tasks cannot start until previous tasks are finished. For example, you cannot test a program until after you have coded it. you must complete these dependent tasks in a sequence. Often tasks are not dependent on other tasks starting or finishing, so you can do these tasks in parallel.

18. Critical Path Methods
Consider this series of tasks for a computer system.
Specify and design system
Code program 1
Test program 1
Code program 2
Test program 2
Test and implement system
The project manager works out the dependencies and timescales and draws up the critical path (shown on next slide). From this you can see that tasks 1, 2, 3 and 6 are on the critical path. A minimum time of 21 days is needed for this project.

19. Critical Path Methods
From this you can see that tasks 1, 2, 3 and 6 are on the critical path. A minimum time of 21 days is needed for this project.
Task 1
5 days
Task 2
10 days
Task 3
4 days
Task 6
2 days
Task 4
5 days
Task 5
2 days

20. Specialised software packages
To help manage a project there are many packages available. At the simplest, there are freeware or shareware packages available from the Internet. Microsoft Project is a popular middle-of-the-range tool that can help manage a wide variety of projects. For large construction or IT projects involving very many tasks and workers, there is expensive, specialised software available.

21. PROJECT IDENTIFICATION , GENERATION OF IDEAS AND FORMULATION

22. HOW TO START A NEW PROJECT
Idea generation
Primary screening or pre-feasibility study
Project feasibility or detailed feasibility study
Support study
Detailed project report (DPR)
Design or planning
Implementation or execution
Termination of project

23. Idea generation or project identification
Support
Study
Preliminary screening or pre feasibility study
Project feasibility or feasibility study
Market & demand
Analysis
Technical
Analysis
Financial
Analysis
Social cost benefit
Analysis
Environmental
& risk analysis
Detailed project reporter formal approval from sponsors
Planning, organizing & scheduling of project activities
Direction & controlling of activities
Termination of project (commissioning)

24. IDEA GENERATION OR IDENTIFICATION OF INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Idea generation is the process of grouping logical thoughts based on some factors.

25. IMPORTANCE OF IDEA GENERATION
Basis for other steps in completing steps.
Important for continuous growth of organization.
Survival in the competitive market.
Contribution towards development of society.

26. SOURCES OF IDEA GENERATION
Performance of existing industry
Examining the inputs and outputs of various industries
Review of imports and exports
Availability of cheap materials & labor locally
Price trend, to find demand – supply gap
Government guidelines
Analysis of economic and social trends
Study of new technological developments
others

27. PRELIMINARY SCREENING OR PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY
Preliminary screening is done with a view to avoid unnecessary cost and efforts in detailed study, if idea is not looking worthwhile in first instance
DEFINITION : Preliminary screening can be defined as a series of steps to know whether or not a complete detailed feasibility study should be made.

28. OBJECTIVES OF PRELIMINARY SCREENING
To determine whether project (idea) is promising business opportunity or not.
Whether it justified a detailed analysis or not
To find out any critical aspect on which success or failure depends
To formulate a plan for detailed feasibility study

29. ASPECTS OR AREAS OF PRELIMINARY SCREENING
Acceptable risk level
Consistency with government priorities
Availability of inputs
Adequacy of market
Reasonableness of the costs
Compatibility with promoters

30. SUPPORT STUDY
Support study can be defined as – An in-depth investigation into any one or a couple of critical aspects (areas) of a project, to help the feasibility study.
Critical aspect here means those areas whose success or failure decides the success of failure of business or project.

31. OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT FEASIBILITY STUDY
It guarantees the success of Project
It works as basic terms of reference for Project
It describes the nature and complexity of Project
It gives an idea about investment in Project
It also provides us the possible future difficulties
It gives an idea about economic and social benefits

32. Pre-Feasibility Study
Difference between Pre-Feasibility Study or Project or Detailed Feasibility Study
Pre-Feasibility Study
Feasibility Study
Objective
To determine whether or not the Project idea needs further investigation
To determine the true profitability of the Project and selecting the Project.
Scope
Over-view study
Detailed study
Type of Data
Secondary Data
Primary Data
Time involved
Low
High
Accuracy
Cost involved

33. Components of Project of Detailed Feasibility study
Market and Demand analysis
Technical analysis
Financial analysis
Social Cost-Benefit analysis
Environmental and risk analysis

34. Detailed Project Report (DPR)
Meaning: “Doing project feasibility is not the end of Project formulation stage. It also includes documentation of it, which is known as Detailed Project Report.”

35. PROJECT MARKET
&
DEMAND

36. Market Demand Analysis
Objective Specification
Collection of Data
Market Survey
Market Description
Demand Forecasting
MARKET PLANNING

37. Market Survey
“Market Survey is a technique that is aimed at gathering all possible information (primary data) by conducting interviews.”

38. Steps under Market Survey
Defining the Target Market
Selecting the Sample
Developing the Questionnaire
Training the Surveyors
Recording the Information
Interpreting the Information

39. Market Descriptions Competition in Market Study of Market Segments
Price
Methods of Distribution
Sales Promotion
Consumers Interest

40. Demand Forecasting
“Demand Forecasting is the art of predicting demand for a product or a service at some future date on the basis of certain present and past behaviour patterns of some related events.”

41. Characteristics of a Good Demand Forecasting
Accuracy
Simplicity
Economy
Timeliness
Availability

42. Techniques of Demand Forecasting
Survey of buyer’s intentions
Collective opinion method
Expert opinion method
Controlled experiments
Study of general economic environment

43. Statistical Methods Trend Projection Method Graphical Method
Regression Analysis

44. Market Planning
This steps under Market and Demand Analysis is not related to actual analysis, but related to Market plans of new firm (if idea under consideration is selected). Under this step, four P’s of Marketing viz Product, Price, Place and Promotion should be well designed to achieve the expected level of Market Penetration.