2. Describe the differences between system software and application software.
Discuss the four types of system software.
Discuss the basic functions, features, and categories of operating systems.
Describe Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, Linux, and virtualization.

3. Describe the purpose of utilities and utility suites.
Discuss mobile operating systems including Symbian, Blackberry OS, iOS, Android, Windows Phone 7, and WebOS.
Identify the five most essential utilities.
Discuss Windows utility programs.
Describe device drivers, including Windows’ Add a Device Wizard and Update.

4. Computers are ubiquitous in our lives and we expect them to “be there when we need them”.
We give little thought to the processes and programs running behind the scenes to keep them functioning effectively.
Such programs (i.e. operating systems, utility programs, and device drivers) are the system software you learn about here.

5. Handles the technical details
Includes the operating system, utilities, device drivers, and language translators
System software is not a single program but is a collection of programs that handles hundreds of technical details
End-users focus on application programs more than the system software, but it is important to understand how system software works

6. A collection of programs that handle technical tasks
Manage resources
Provide user interface
Run applications
Examples:
Windows 7
Mac OS X
Also called the software environment or platform

7. Manages computer resources
Coordinate memory, processing, storage, printers and monitors
Monitor system performance
Schedule tasks
Provide security
Start-up the computer
Provides user interface
Graphical user interface (GUI)
Runs applications
Multitasking
Foreground and background applications
Multitasking – the ability to switch between applications
Foreground – the program you are currently working on
Background – the other program that is running but not the active window

8. Features in common with application software
Booting
Features in common with application software
Icons
Pointer
Windows
Menus
Tabs
Dialog boxes
Help
Booting is the process of starting a computer
Warm boot (Key Term) – computer is already on and you restart it without turning off the power
Cold boot (Key Term) – starting a computer that has been turned off

9. Three basic categories
Embedded operating systems (handheld)
Smartphones
Cable TV tuner boxes
Video game systems
Network operating systems (linked computers)
Windows Server
Unix
OS stored on network server which coordinates all communication between the other computers
Stand-alone operating systems (desktop)
Also called client operating system
Most are proprietary operating systems– owned and licensed by a corporation
Non-proprietary – source code is available to the public
Called open source
Linux is an open source program

10. The OS is often called the software environment or platform
Operating systems commonly used by individuals
Windows – most widely used
Mac OS – powerful and easy to use
UNIX – network; originally designed for Web
LINUX – non proprietary; free from the Web
Note that LINUX is easier to learn; easily transfer to UNIX
UNIX originally designed as cross-platform to help “integrate” the Web

11. The most popular microcomputer operating system
Over 90 percent of the market
Windows 7 provides several improvements over Windows Vista
Windows has over 90 percent of the market
More application programs are designed to run under Windows than any other operating system
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12. Mac OS X runs on Apple computers
Popular with graphic designers and desktop publishers
Features include
Spotlight
Dashboard Widgets
Boot Camp
Spotlight (Key Term) – advanced search tool that can rapidly locate files, folders, messages, addresses, etc.
Dashboard widgets (Key Term) – collection of specialized programs that update and display information
Some versions of Mac OS include Boot Camp - allows Mac to run both Mac OS and the Windows operating system

13. Mac OS v 10.7 - also known as Lion
Photo-quality icons and easy-to-use menus
Launchpad
Displays and provides access to all apps installed
Mission Control
Displays all running programs at one time
Gestures
Allow you to use your fingers to run programs and to control content on the screen
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14. UNIX operating system Servers on the Web Mainframe computers
Microcomputers
UNIX
Used by powerful microcomputers and by servers on the Web
There are a large number of different versions of UNIX
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15. LINUX - version of UNIX Alternative to windows Open source
Not proprietary
Google Chrome OS based on Linux
LINUX
One of the most popular and powerful alternatives to the Windows operating system
Google Chrome runs on netbook and other mobile devices, focuses on Internet connectivity and cloud computing.
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16. Host operating system - OS of the physical machine
Ability to support multiple operating systems on a single physical machine
Virtualization software
Physical machine can be logically separated into separate and independent virtual computers called virtual machines
Host operating system
Guest operating system
Host operating system - OS of the physical machine
Guest operating system - OS of virtual machine

17. Mobile OS Some of the best known
Embedded operating system in every smartphone
Some of the best known
Symbian
BlackBerry OS or RIM OS
iOS
Android
Windows Phone 7
WebOS
Symbian – Nokia, Sony
BlackBerry OS or RIM OS
iOS- formerly iPhone OS, iPod Touch, iPad
Android – owned by Google
Windows Phone 7
WebOS – HP smartphones and tablets

18. Specialized programs to make computing easier Most essential utilities
Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs
Antivirus programs
Uninstall programs
Backup programs
File compression programs
Utilities – specialized programs designed to make computing easier
Hard disk crashes
Antivirus programs
Computer freeze-ups
Decrease operation slow-downs

19. Backup and Restore Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter
Backup and Restore can be accessed by clicking Start>Maintenance
Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter can be accessed by clicking Start>Accessories>System Tools

20. Utility program included with many Windows versions
Makes a copy of all files or selected files that have been saved on a disk
Helps prevent against loss of data in the event of a disk failure
If you backup (Key Term) your files, you have a copy of your data in case of a disk failure
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21. Identifies and eliminates nonessential files
Frees up valuable space and improves system performance
When you search the Web, a variety of programs and files are saved to your hard drive
Use disk cleanup (Key Term) to get rid of these unnecessary files
Files are stored and organized on a disk according to tracks and sectors
Tracks (Key Term) – concentric ring
Sectors (Key Term) – wedge-shaped sections of a track
OS tries to save a file on a single track across contiguous sectors. Often the file has to broken into small parts and stored wherever space is available and the disk over time becomes fragmented
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22. Identifies and eliminates unnecessary fragments
Rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize operations
Speeds up file access
Disk Defragmenter (Key Term) should be run on your computer often
Some end-users run this utility program daily, while some run it once a week
Fragmented (Key Term) files - result of a file having to be broken apart into smaller parts so it can be stored wherever space is available
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23. Combine several programs into one package Less expensive
Popular suites
Norton 360
McAfee Office
V Communications SystemSuite

24. Allow communication between a device and the computer
Loaded into memory each time a computer is started
When a new device is added, new device drivers must be installed
Windows already has many drivers within the system software
Device drivers - programs that work with the operating system to allow communication between device(s) and the rest of the physical system
Device drivers are also referred to simply as “drivers” (Key Term)
Step-by-step guidance is offered by Windows in the form of wizards that assist with installing drivers e.g. “Add Printer Wizard” (Key Term)
Drivers can also be easily updated in Windows by utilizing the Windows Update (Key Term) functionality

25. Security Center
Continually monitors your computer
VirusScan
Controls the frequency of searches for viruses
Quarantines or deletes infected files
PersonalFirewall
Monitors inbound and outbound traffic
SiteAdvisor
Protects privacy online

26. Computer support specialist provide technical support to customers and other users
Resolve common networking problems and use troubleshooting programs to diagnose problems
Employers look for a bachelors degree, good analytical and communication skills
Computer support specialist can expect to earn $32K - $53K annually

27. IBM’s Automatic Computing Initiative (ACI)
Handles time-consuming maintenance
Self-regulating and virtually invisible
Self-maintaining servers
Self-repairing
Self-updating
Self-protecting
Computers may be able to fix themselves in the future
Autonomic computing is a system that allows machines to run with little human intervention

28. Describe system software
Describe system software. Discuss each of the four types of system programs.
Define operating systems. Describe the basic features and the three categories of operating systems.
What are desktop operating systems? Compare Windows, Mac OS, Linux and Chrome OS. Discuss virtualization.
Have students turn to the end of Chapter 5 in their textbooks to view the same “Open-Ended” questions/statements

29. What are mobile operating systems
What are mobile operating systems? Describe six leading mobile operating systems.
Discuss utilities. What are the five most essential utilities? What is a utility suite?
Explain the role of device drivers. Discuss the Add a Device Wizard and Windows Update.
Have students turn to the end of Chapter 5 in their textbooks to view the same “Open-Ended” questions/statements