1. 阅读理解题型及解题技巧

2. 1. 细节理解 题 型 及 解 技 巧
2. 猜测词义
3. 推理判断
6. 篇章结构
4.主旨大意
5. 观点态度

3. 1
细节理解 6 2
猜测词义
篇章结构
阅读技巧 5 3
观点态度
推理判断 4
主旨大意

4. 细节理解

5. 本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的
某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能
力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、
时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、
结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、
说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。
常见问题形式有：
Which of the following is true/false except…?
Which of the following is mentioned except…
三正一误
三误一正

6. 1.According to the passage, who/ what/
　which/ when/ Where / why / how/ how
many/how much/ how long/ How soon/
how often, etc. ?
2. According to the passage, which of the
following is true/ not true?
3. According to the passage, Which of the
following Is not mentioned ?
4. All of the following are true EXCEPT ___.
5. In the passage the write states that ____.
6. Choose the best order in which the people
do________.

7. 2. 定义；　3. 比较；　４. 年代与数字
5. 原因和结果
此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或
间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。
Sample I
Hoover Dam lies ______.
A. between Arizona and Nevada　
B. in the Black Canyon
C. between New York and San Francisco
D. both A and B

8. This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is
possible to drive a car from one side of the
river to the other on a road， which is on
the top of the dam. This dam is so big that
there is an elevator inside. … …
　This huge dam was called Boulder Dam
when it was finished in Later it was
renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a
president of the United States. Hoover Dam，
one of the highest dams in the world，is
situated between the states of Arizona and
Nevada.

9. 2. 定义；　3. 比较；　４. 年代与数字
5. 原因和结果
此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或
间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。
Sample I
Hoover Dam lies ______.
A. between Arizona and Nevada　
B. in the Black Canyon
C. between New York and San Francisco
D. both A and B

10. Sample II
Which of the following is NOT true?
　A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
　B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with
her parents.
　C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia
in 1991.
　D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to
become Miss Asia.

11. Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，…
　Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong
when she was only six years old， Luo Lin
has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her
childhood dream was to be an air hostess.
Before she took part in the competition, she
had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for
seven years. However，it still took her three
months to learn the art of walking on the stage,
dancing, singing, making-up and other proper
manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.

12. Sample II
Which of the following is NOT true?
　A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
　B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with
her parents.
　C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia
in 1991.
　D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to
become Miss Asia.
moved

13. Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，…
　Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong
when she was only six years old， Luo Lin
has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her
childhood dream was to be an air hostess.
Before she took part in the competition, she
had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for
seven years. However，it still took her three
months to learn the art of walking on the stage,
dancing, singing, making-up and other proper
manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.
taken

14. Sample II
According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause
of more and fiercer storms is
A．greenhouse gas emissions [i5miFEn]散发
in industrialized nations
B．higher surface water temperatures
of the sea
C．continuous global warming
D．rising sea levels

15. … reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years . Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.
connect to

16. Sample II
According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause
of more and fiercer storms is
A．greenhouse gas emissions [i5miFEn]散发
in industrialized nations
B．higher surface water temperatures
of the sea
C．continuous global warming
D．rising sea levels

17. Sample III
Laupepa was not satisfied with the United
States because it did not
A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas
emissions
B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu
C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US
D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were
real

18. Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with
the United States for refusing to sign the
Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement
calling for industrialized nations to reduce
their greenhouse gas emissions ,which are
a main cause of global warming . “By
refusing to sign the agreement, the US has
effectively taken away the freedom of future
generations of Tuvaluan to live there,”
Laupepa told the BBC.

19. Sample III
Laupepa was not satisfied with the United
States because it did not
A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas
emissions
B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu
C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US
D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were
real ?
(故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生)

20. Sample IV
Jack London’s last days were ______.
A. usual ones
B. not poor ones
C. rich ones
D. unhappy ones

21. Jack London was a famous American writer
Jack London was a famous American writer. He burned himself out when he was 40.
He thought of his mother, Flora, who had never been a very responsible person. He was sure she was mentally ill and that he was becoming like her. At last he became too tired to care. He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have. He would not change his life, or his writing, perhaps he could not.

22. Sample IV
Jack London’s last days were ______.
A. usual ones
B. not poor ones
C. rich ones
D. unhappy ones

23. Sample V
You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5, B. $8,000
C. $9, D. $11,000

24. Tuition Fees (学费) Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: waikato．ac．nz. Accommodation (住宿) You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: waikato．ac．nz

25. Sample V
You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5, B. $8,000
C. $9, D. $11,000
$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)
+$150(生活费)x12=$8000．

26. Sample V
Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?
a. Start the system.
b. Make a shopping list.
c. Find the things you want.
d. Go to a self-checkout stand.
A. abdc B. bacd
C. acbd D. bcad

27. People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists
People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系统) that will organize the trip around the store. If you're looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.

28. Sample V
Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?
a. Start the system.
b. Make a shopping list.
c. Find the things you want.
d. Go to a self-checkout stand.
A. abdc B. bacd
C. acbd D. bcad

29. 猜测词义

30. Question Form
(1) The word “…” in Line … means/can
be best replaced by …
(2) As used in the passage, the phrase
“…” suggests…
(3) From the passage, we can infer that
the word/phrase “…” is/refers to …
(4) The word “…” is closest in meaning
to …

31. 技巧 1
根据解释确定词义
1. Social mobility is the movement from
one class or level of living to another.
2. The other questioned the veracity--– the
truthfulness of these reports.
社会流动性
真实性

32. 3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a
　goal, he will not give it up easily.
4. He was a prestidigitator who entertained
　 the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,
swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
坚决的
变戏法者

33. 技巧 2
根据对比确定词义
In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.
一片混乱

34. 技巧 3
根据逻辑确定词义
If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable.
不知疲倦的

35. 技巧 4
根据上下文情景确定词义
The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the
second paragraph means___.
A cleaning up B taking in
C wiping out D giving out

36. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.

37. 技巧 4
根据上下文情景确定词义
The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the
second paragraph means___.
A cleaning up B taking in
C wiping out D giving out
Try to do the following exercises:
根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义

38. 1. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the
nest when they are big enough to fly．
A．children B．ancestors
C．generations D．mates
2. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Green’s
desk．
A．piece B．balance
C．mixture D．pile

39. 3. Before you buy something，check the
quality first．For example, if it is cheap,
it might not be good．
A．how good it is B．what the color is
C．what the size is D．how big it is
4. Please give me your recipe for this cake，
so I can make it too．
A．a dish B．directions for cooking
C．a meal D．directions to your house

40. 5. Before a baby learns to walk, it has to
crawl on the floor．
A．walk on two feet B．fly
C．sit in a chair
D．move on the hands and knees
6. Mr. Brown is an amateur
photographer．He is an engineer．But in
his free time he likes to take pictures．
A. as a hobby B．for money
C．as a job D．as work

41. 7. This small Christmas tree is made of
plastic．It is not a real tree．It is
artificial．
A. beautiful B. not natural
C. for a special holiday
D．in an art museum
8. whales and elephants are gigantic
animals．No other animals can compare
with them in size．
A. small B．land C．sea D．huge

42. 9. The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world.
The strange thing about the kiwi is that it
cannot fly．
A· a kind of fish B．a kind of cat
C. a kind of rock D．a kind of bird
10. Some Africans carve beautiful human
and animal figures out of wood．They
sell their carvings to stores and museums．
A．draw B．beat C．heat D．cut

43. 11. Chicken pox can be very serious for a
child who is not in good health．The
child develops red spots，and feels hot
and uncomfortable．A healthy child gets
well quickly．
A．a kind of animal B．a kind of food
C．a kind of childhood disease
D．a lack of pure water

44. 12. Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife，and their baby．Pierre's family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred years．Their ancestors came from France．
A. family members from a long time ago
B. grandparents and their grandchildren
C. parents, grandparents and great-
grandparents
D．family members all living at the same
time

45. 推理判断

46. 技巧
1. 不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有
同义词解释的选项。
2. 不选事实细节选项
3. 不选非事实选项
4. 选概括性/哲理性的选项

47. 常见问题形式:
1. It can be inferred/concluded from the
passage that ______
2.The passage suggests/implies that ____
3.By the first sentence of the second
paragraph, the author means _____
4. We can conclude that_________.
5. When the writer talks about..., what he
really means is that_____.
6. Which of the following can be inferred
from the passage?

48. 1. The writer talked about the waitress' age
because he thought___________.
A. she was young
B. it a pleasure to make friends with her
C. she was beautiful
D. it strange for her to fall in love with him
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every
day because___________.
A. she lived near his house
B. he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him
D. she loved him very much

49. When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,” Are you single?" “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her?"

50. 1. The writer talked about the waitress' age
because he thought___________.
A. she was young
B. it a pleasure to make friends with her
C. she was beautiful
D. it strange for her to fall in love with him
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every
day because___________.
A. she lived near his house
B. he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him
D. she loved him very much

51. Sample 2
1. According to the messenger's answer,
the visitor can conclude that_________
A. The messenger lives on the western side
of the island because he tells the truth.
B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of
the island because his answer may be a lie.
C. it's hard to determine whether the
messenger is a truth teller or not.
D. the messenger probably lives in the
western side of the island because his
answer may be true.

52. 2. The native in the distance says he lives
on the western side of the island.
According to his answer, which
conclusion of the following is wrong?
A. He may live on the eastern side of the
island.
B. He may live on the western side of the
C. He may be telling the truth.
D. He can't be telling the truth.

53. A visitor visits an island where two tribes live
A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,” Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, "He said he lives on the western side of the island."Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?

54. Sample 2
1. According to the messenger's answer,
the visitor can conclude that_________
A. The messenger lives on the western side
of the island because he tells the truth.
B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of
the island because his answer may be a lie.
C. it's hard to determine whether the
messenger is a truth teller or not.
D. the messenger probably lives in the
western side of the island because his
answer may be true.

55. 2. The native in the distance says he lives
on the western side of the island.
According to his answer, which
conclusion of the following is wrong?
A. He may live on the eastern side of the
island.
B. He may live on the western side of the
C. He may be telling the truth.
D. He can't be telling the truth.

56. Sample 3
1.Why do people put hot metal in water?
A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft.
C. To make it cool D. To make it brittle.
2. In annealing, the required hardness of
metal depends on __.
A. the quantity of water used
B. the temperature of the metal
C. the softness of the metal
D. the timing of the operation

57. 3. As suggested by the text, how can glass
be made less brittle?
A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.
B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.
C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.

58. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing

59. it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.

60. Sample 3
1.Why do people put hot metal in water?
A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft.
C. To make it cool D. To make it brittle.
2. In annealing, the required hardness of
metal depends on ___________.
A. the quantity of water used
B. the temperature of the metal
C. the softness of the metal
D. the timing of the operation

61. 3. As suggested by the text, how can glass
be made less brittle?
A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.
B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.
C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.

62. 主旨大意 技巧
考查考生
加工与浓缩信息的能力

63. 1. 标题类常见的题型:
1.The best title/ headline for this passage
might be____.
2.The text (passage) could be entitled
3.What is the best title for the passage?
4.Which of the following would be suitable
as a title for the passage?

64. 大意类常见题型
1. This passage chiefly deals with____.
2. What’s the topic of the article?
3. What is the subject discussed in the text?
4. With what topic is the passage chiefly
concerned?

65. 目的主旨大意常见题型
The author’s main purpose in writing the 　
passage is______.
The passage is meant to _____
The purpose of this article is _______

66. 主题句呈现的形式
A. 文首
提出主题, 随之用细节来解释,
支撑或发展主题句所表达的主
题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作
方式。

67. Sample 1
1. The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.

68. Sample 2
Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.

69. B. 文尾
在表述细节后,
归纳要点, 印象, 结
论建议或结果, 以
概括主题. 这是英
语中最常见的归
纳法写作方式。

70. Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.

71. C.文中
通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展。

72. Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.

73. 无主题句
即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

74. What is the main idea of the passage?　
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer B. Bingham is a diligent student.　
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent
education.
D. A good lawyer needs good education.

75. .Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

76. What is the main idea of the passage?　
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer B. Bingham is a diligent student.　
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent
education.
D. A good lawyer needs good education.

77. 观点和态度

78. 理解作者的观点和态度题：
既考查学生对字面意思的理解，
也考查学生对作者写作目的、
态度、观点等的理解。
正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。---假如你是作者，你为什么要写本文？

79. 此类考题的主要形式：
1.The writer’s purpose in writing
this story is ______ .
2. The text discusses men and women
50,000 years from now in order to
show that _____ .

80. 贬义：disgust, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointment
注意：
辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。
贬义：disgust, critical, negative,
　　 tolerant, disappointment
褒义: positive, wonder, support, useful,
interesting, enthusiasm, admiring…
中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested,
ambivalent, neutral, apathetic,
humor, disinterested,
disinterest

81. e.g.
The author appears ___modern advertising.
A. to like B. to be indifferent to
C. to dislike D. to know how to deal with

82. One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night. (根据文章作者用词来判断)

83. e.g.
The author appears ___modern advertising.
A. to like B. to be indifferent to
C. to dislike D. to know how to deal with

84. The writer uses the example of “ocelots”
to show that_________.
A. wild animals have become more
dangerous
B. the driving conditions have improved
greatly
C. the measure for protecting wildlife
fails to work
D. an increasing number of animals are
killed in road accidents.

85. Millions of animals die each year on U. S
Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill.

86. The writer uses the example of “ocelots”
to show that_________.
A. wild animals have become more
dangerous
B. the driving conditions have improved
greatly
C. the measure for protecting wildlife
fails to work
D. an increasing number of animals are
killed in road accidents.

87. 篇章结构

88. Definition Description
１．说明文的基本结构
Descriptive writing
Definition
(Introduction)
Examples
Description
(Explanation)
Comparison
Classification
Conclusion

89. 论点 Arguments 论据 conclusion 结论
2. 议论文的基本结构
Argumentation
Topic
Opinion 论点
facts
Arguments
examples
theory 论据
Supporting sentences
conclusion 结论

90. 3.记叙文的基本结构
Narrative writings
Time clues
Story
presentation
Inverted time clues
Ending
surprising
humourous

91. 对文章基本结构理解的考查方式:
1. 问结构
１）How is the text organized?
A. Topic—Argument—Explanation
B. Opinion—Discussion—Description
C. Main idea—comparison—
supporting examples
D. Introduction—supporting examples
--conclusion

92. 2)The first paragraph is used as…/to…
3)The first paragraph mentioned Peter
Jennings’ death in order to ______ .
2.问指代
1)The word “everything”in paragraph
2 means____
2)What does the underlined word in
paragraph 4 refer to?

93. 3.问文章出处/前文／后续
1). The passage is most likely to be taken
from___
2. The passage is most likely a part of____
3)The passage is most likely to be taken
from the article entitled_____
4)What may be talked about before the
first paragraph? /after the last paragraph?
5)The paragraph following the passage
will probably discuss____

94. THANK YOU
Thank you