1. BGE Reading for Understanding, Analysis + Evaluation

2. Better Reading Predicting Clarifying Analysing Inferring Summarising
Visualising
Summarising
Inferring
Analysing

3. By the end of this unit I will be able to use the following skills:
Predicting
Clarifying
Visualising
Summarising
Inferring
Analysing

4. Predicting
When you look at an unfamiliar text, you can often work out what it might be about.
For example, from this book cover for ‘Treasure Island’ we can assume it is about pirates, will be set in the past and will feature fighting or conflict between characters.

5. Predicting
Look at the following two texts and list three things you think each might be about:

6. Predicting
Look at the following newspaper headlines and make some predictions about the article that might follow them:

7. Predicting Look at the video clips from the CBBC Newsround website.
Choose two and describe what you think might happen in the video.

8. Predicting
Using your prior knowledge before you start reading can be really useful. It helps with your understanding. It helps you engage with what you read. You might be more likely to enjoy reading about something you already know about. Before visiting the library to choose your next book, complete the following tasks:
Task one:
Make a list of all of your main hobbies and interests.
Try to find at least one book about one of your hobbies.
Task two:
List the last three books that you read and the last three films that you watched.
Try to find a book connected to one that you enjoyed.

9. Clarifying
You will only develop as a reader if you challenge yourself to read texts that you might find difficult at first.
Answer the following questions before discussing them in class:
What do you do if you come across a word that you don’t understand when you are reading?
How many different words can you come up with that mean the same as happy?
What is your favourite word and why?

10. Clarifying
Read this paragraph from the novel ‘Animal Farm’. At first it might seem confusing and challenging. 1. Make a list of all of the words that you don’t understand: Mr Jones, of the Manor Farm, had locked the hen-houses for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the pop-holes. With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs Jones was already snoring. 2. In 20 words or less, explain what happens in the opening. 3. Can you come up with an alternative word for the following words? a. lantern b. yard c. drew himself d. scullery

11. Clarifying
Read this summary of the plot for ‘Jurassic World’ from The Guardian: Jurassic World is managed by Claire, a successful uptight career woman who is a little bit controlling and unhappy: she is nervous about looking after her two nephews who have come for a visit to the World, owned by flamboyant entrepreneur Mr Masrani. She is also a bit nervous about the creepy new GM mega-dinosaur they have secretly created to boost visitor numbers: the terrifying Indominus Rex, created by lab supremo Dr Henry Wu and watched over by the sinister military consultant Hoskins. Fill in the following table:
Character
Described as…
In my own words…
Claire
“uptight”
Tense
Mr Masrani
“flamboyant” or “entrepreneur”
Dr Wu
“lab supremo”
Hoskins

12. Clarifying
Choose a book that might be a bit more challenging from the library.
After you have read some of it, fill out the following table:
Unknown word
What you think it might mean
What it really means

13. Visualising Visualising
Creating a mental picture in your mind of what you read, as you read, can really help with your understanding.

14. Visualising Close your eyes and listen to the extract.
When finished, open your eyes and draw what you saw when you were listening.

15. Visualising Close your eyes and listen to the extract.
When finished, open your eyes and draw what you saw when you were listening.

16. Visualising
Using the book that you are currently reading, create a visualiser.
Your visualiser might be related to the characters, plot setting, theme or be more abstract and unusual.

17. Summarising

18. Summarising Try the activity below to learn more about summarising:

19. Summarising
Try summarising the following passage in no more than 10 words.
Use your own words and focus only on the main ideas.
Nobody smokes their first fag thinking they’ll be a smoker, but if you’re experimenting it’s easy to become hooked. Most adult smokers start in their teens, and half of them will be killed by their habit (on average, they’ll pay nearly £2,000 a year for the privilege).

20. Summarising
Try summarising the following passage in no more than 10 words.
Use your own words and focus only on the main ideas.
Twitter was launched in July The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity, with more than 100 million users who in 2012 posted 340 million tweets per day. In 2013 Twitter was one of the ten most visited in the world. As of May 2015, Twitter has more than 500 million users, out of which more than 300 million are regular active users.

21. Summarising
Try the following quiz, matching the plot summary to the YA novel:

22. Summarising
Task:
Try the following summary tasks using the book you are currently reading.
Summarise the opening chapter in no more than 20 words.
Choose three characters from your book and summarise each using no more than three words.
Identify the most important thing that has happened in your book and summarise this event/incident as briefly as you can.

23. Inferring
Here are three classroom posters explaining what inference is.
Read all three and try to work out what you think it might mean.

24. Inferring

26. Inferring
Read the passage and then respond to the questions. Each question will ask you to make a logical inference based on textual details. Explain your answer by referencing the text. Jenna was shocked when she opened the door to her apartment. There were long rips in the couch, as though someone had run knives down the front of it. A lamp was shattered on the floor. some picture frames were hanging crookedly, some of them had fallen off the wall and the door to her cat's travel cage was open. Not only that, but the door to the birdcage was swinging back and forth and there were feathers on the floor. She could have sworn that she had locked her cat in the travel cage before she left for work. Oh no, she thought. Someone broke into my apartment, trashed the place, and stole my cat! Then she heard the cat meowing in her bedroom. She ran to the bedroom and saw the cat patting one of Jenna's favourite shoes with its claws. "That's it!" Jenna yelled. "I'm done with this." She marched towards the cat angrily. 1. What happened to Jenna's apartment? _________________________________________________ How do you know this? 2. Why is there an empty birdcage in Jenna's apartment? ____________________________________ 3. What is Jenna going to do with the cat? ________________________________________________

27. Inferring What did Gail find on the receipt? How do you know this?
"I'm home!" Earl shouted as he walked in the door. His wife Gail came bounding down the stairs. She hadn't seen him since he had left to go on his silly fishing trip.
"I missed you. Did you catch anything?" Gail reluctantly asked, knowing that Earl was not a very good fisherman.
Earl scratched his head and responded, "You're not going to believe what I'm bringing home." Earl unzipped a cooler and pulled out several perfectly filleted salmon steaks.
"Wow, Earl, I didn't know that you could fillet a fish like that." Earl looked around the room a little bit and scratched his head, "Uh, yeah, Jeff taught me how." Gail looked at him suspiciously. "Well, let me help you unpack." As Gail was helping Earl unpack his truck, she found a receipt from the supermarket. It was dated from that morning. What she saw was both disappointing and unsurprising.
What did Gail find on the receipt? How do you know this?
Why is it “disappointing”?

28. Strategy 6 – Analysing Language
What is personification?
What is a simile? What is a metaphor?

29. Imagery Simile Metaphor Personification “a few fresh vegetables
A simile is a comparison between two different things, designed to create an unusual, interesting, emotional or other effect often using words either 'like' or 'as'.
A metaphor is a word or phrase that describes one thing being another.
Personification is a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are described with human qualities.
“a few fresh vegetables
appeared in the stalls that
sprung up like weeds in the
shadowed archways”
“icy rain dripped down
bare necks, these were the
final weapons of winter.”
“the waking sun
trickled its warming
fingers across the city.”

30. What is being compared to what? How are they similar?
Example
Technique?
What is being compared to what?
How are they similar?
“Just as… so too…”
“Essie (his sister) was all fire and thorns, thistle-sharp…”
from ‘Fleshmarket’
Metaphor
Essie is being compared to a thistle and fire.
Just as a thistle is spiky and sharp and just as fire can burn, so too can Essie be prickly and fiery in her nature.
“The house fronts were as dark as night.”
“Little Fan (Scrooge’s sister) had always been a delicate creature.”
“A smell like a bakers – that was the pudding!”
Write pupil examples in boxes for class to analyse.

31. When analysing imagery…
Find an example
Identify the technique
Work out which two things are being compared
Explain how they are similar –
“Just as… So too…”
This will help with your Critical Essays and your Close Reading

32. Can you find one example of each in your reading book?
Task:
Once you have found the examples, analyse them using the steps below.

33. By the end of this unit I will be able to use the following skills:
Predicting
Clarifying
Visualising
Summarising
Inferring
Analysing

34. A Memorable Marathon
PREDICTING 1. Read the article’s heading and subheading. Why do you think that this marathon was “memorable”? CLARIFYING 2. Use the context to identify the meaning of the word “tactical” (paragraph 2). SUMMARISING 3. Summarise the main results of the 44th New York Marathon using headings. INFERRING 4. Look at lines Why would Buzunesh Deba be disappointed? ANALYSING 5. Find one example of alliteration and explain its impact. VISUALISING 6. Draw a picture of Wilson Kipsang or Mary Keitany crossing the finishing line.

35. A Memorable Marathon
1. Read the article’s heading and subheading. Why do you think that this marathon was “memorable”? Because of the weather. 2. Use the context to identify the meaning of the word “tactical” (paragraph 2). Tactical means planned or calculated. 3. Summarise the main results of the 44th New York Marathon using headings. 4. Look at lines Why would Buzunesh Deba be disappointed? She was looking to be the first New Yorker to win in 40 years after coming second in the past. In fact, she came 9th. 5. Find one example of alliteration and explain its impact. A Memorable Marathon – it makes the headline stand out and draws the reader to the article.
Runner
Result
Title
Wilson Kipsang
2 hours, 10 minutes, 59 seconds
Overall winner
Mary Keitany
2:25:07
Female winner
Meb Keflezighi
2:13:18
won first place for American Men
Desiree Linden
2:28:11
First place for American Women
Kurt Fearnley
1:30:55.
Won the Wheelchair Division
Alfredo De Los Santos
1:17:28.
Won Handcycle Category

36. African Lions in Trouble
1. PREDICTING
After reading the article, what problems do you think the African lions might face?
2. CLARIFYING
a. “Endangered” (line 3)
b. “Extinction” (line 10)
c. “Habitat” (line 13)
Using the context, can you work out what these words mean?
3. SUMMARISING
Outline three main threats to African lions.
4. INFERRING
“King of beasts” (line 31). What does this suggest about African lions?
5. ANALYSING
What does the description of “lions as trophies” (line 19) tell us about the hunters’ attitudes towards them?
6. VISUALISING
Create a flyer for the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

37. African Lions in Trouble
1. After reading the headline, what problems do you think the African lions might face?
Extinction
2.  a. “Endangered” (line 3) Means rare or in danger.
b. “Extinction” (line 10) Means wiped out completely.
c. “Habitat” (line 13) Means home.
3. Outline three main threats to African lions.
Nowhere to live
Nothing to eat
Human hunting
4. “King of beasts” (line 31). What does this suggest about African lions?
Just as a king is the ruler or most powerful in a country, so too is the lion the top of the pecking order in the animal kingdom.
5. What does the description of “lions as trophies” (line 19) tell us about the hunters’ attitudes towards them? A trophy is a prize that is won. The hunters see the lions as a medal or award to show others.

38. A Success in Space
PREDICTING 1. Look at the headline and subheadline. Why might this landing be considered a “success in space”? CLARIFYING 2a. “Evolved” (line 9) b. “Harpoons” (line 16) c. “Primitive” (line 25) Using the context, explain what these words mean. SUMMARISING 3. Summarise three of the main ideas in the passage. INFERRING 4. Look at lines How can we infer that there is some uncertainty regarding this project? ANALYSING 5. Explain how the phrase “a big step forward” (line 1) conveys the importance of this project. VISUALISING 6. Either: Draw a picture of the Philae lander on the comet Draw a picture of the comet travelling through space

39. A Success in Space
1. Look at the headline and subheadline. Why might this landing be considered a “success in space”?
A probe has landed on a moving comet for the first time ever.
2a. “Evolved” (line 9) means changed and grew.
b. “Harpoons” (line 16) is a spear or hook.
c. “Primitive” (line 25) means ancient, the very first.
3. Summarise three of the main ideas in the passage.
Space science/technology is progressing
The research will help us find out more about the solar system
It wasn’t easy landing the probe
The lander will be able to tell us lots of information
4. Look at lines How can we infer that there is some uncertainty regarding this project?
The scientists are not sure where the Philae landed and had initial concerns.
5. Explain how the phrase “a big step forward” (line 1) conveys the importance of this project.
Just as a big step forward would be a sign you were getting nearer your destination, so too is this a massive opportunity to get closer to understanding space.

40. Predicting
Clarifying
Summarising
Inferring
Analysing
Visualising