1. Volume 50, Issue 3, Pages 440-453 (September 2006)
The Placebo Effect in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms 
Jules H. Schagen van Leeuwen, Ramiro Castro, Michael Busse, Bart L.H. Bemelmans 
European Urology 
Volume 50, Issue 3, Pages (September 2006)
DOI: /j.eururo
Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Efficacy of the stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and overactive bladder (OAB)/urge urinary incontinence drugs versus placebo in SUI as measured by the percentage reduction of incontinence episodes (IEs). Dulox=duloxetine; Sol=solifenacin; Tol=tolterodine; Trosp=trospium; Oxy=oxybutynin; Dar=darifenacin. For data retrieval see Table 1.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Efficacy of drugs versus placebo in overactive bladder (OAB) and bladder outlet obstruction/benign prostatic enlargement (BOO/BPE) as measured by the percentage change in voided volume (VV) per micturition or peak flow rate (Qmax), respectively, compared to baseline. No data were available for oxybutynin. Sol=solifenacin; Tol=tolterodine; Tros=trospium; Dar=darifenacin; Alf=alfuzosin; Tam=tamsulosin; Dox=doxazosin; Ter=terazosin; Fin=finasteride; Dut=dutasteride. Data from more than one randomised controlled trial (RCT) assessing a particular drug have been averaged over all RCTs reported. For data retrieval see Table 1.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Efficacy of drugs versus placebo in bladder outlet obstruction/benign prostatic enlargement (BOO/BPE) as measured by the percentage reduction of BOO/BPE symptom score (International Prostate Symptom Score, adapted American Urological Association score or Boyarsky) compared to baseline. Alf=alfuzosin; Tam=tamsulosin; Dox=doxazosin; Ter=terazosin; Fin=finasteride: Dut=dutasteride. Data from more than one randomised controlled trial (RCT) assessing a particular drug have been averaged over all RCTs reported. For data retrieval see Table 1.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions