1. Autotrophic Nutrition
Living Things Making Their Own Food

2. All Living Things Require Nutrition
Nutrition is …. Means of acquiring and using raw materials needed for Life Processes
Two Categories of Nutrition:
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic Nutrition “Eating Others”
Ingesting food (taking-in other living things)
Herbivores, Omnivores, Carnivores, Saprophytes
Autotrophic Nutrition “Self-Feeding”
Make their own food
Chemotrophs
Phototrophs

3. Ancient Autotrophs:Chemotrophs
Chemotrophs Use Energy produced during Chemical Reactions to change inorganic molecules into Organic Molecules
Chemotrophs (Bacteria) are the most ancient life forms on earth;
they are extremely important to the recycling of organic matter in
food webs

4. Other Autotrophs Phototrophs absorb
Protist
Phototrophs absorb
Light energy to change inorganic molecules into Organic Nutrients
Some Bacteria
Green Algae (Protists)
Green Plants
Algae

5. Light : part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum we can SEE
Made up of particles called photons.
Travel in waves, having different lengths
The energy a wave has depends on its length
The shorter the wave’s length; the greater its energy (indirect)
Each wavelength is seen as a different color

6. Visible Light Spectrum appears white
“white light” is really a mixture of different colored waves of electromagnetic energy
Longest
Shortest
ROYGBIV

7. Chlorophyll: Green Pigment
Give green plants and algae their Color
Dominant Plant Pigment
Absorbs Red and Blue Wavelengths
Reflects Green and Yellow Wavelengths
Plants appear green because they reflect the green wavelength
Chlorophyll (a & b) are the light absorbing pigments of photosynthesis
Carotenoids other plant pigments

8. Pigments and Photosynthesis
Absorption Spectrum
How do we “read” this kind of graph?
Hint: The “peaks” are wavelength colors absorbed by the pigment; the ones used for photosynthesis
The
Blue-violet colored
wavelength
Red colored wavelengths

9. Chloroplasts: "food factory Organelles”
Chloroplasts contain the
Green Chlorophyll Pigment

10. Chloroplasts contained in plant/algae cells
Photosynthetic algae have chloroplasts

11. Leaves: Nature’s “Solar Collectors”
Leaves are adaptations for photosynthesis
Collect maximum amount of Sunlight
Cells contain chloroplasts
Can regulate water and gases entering and leaving
Leaf Cross-section

12. Photosynthesis “to make with light”
Light Energy
__CO2 +__ H2O C6H12O6 +__O2 6 6 6
Chlorophyll
Carbon
Dioxide
Water
Glucose
Oxygen

13. Guard Cells Regulate Gases Entering and Leaving Leaves
Guard cells change stoma openings
Guard cells located underside of leaf

14. Guard Cells Guard cells respond to water available to the plant
Stoma opening

15. Function of Guard Cells
CO2
Inner cell wall
Inner cell wall
Stoma O2
Stoma Open
Stoma Closed
When water is plentiful stoma
Opens to allow Carbon dioxide
To enter and Oxygen to leave
When conditions are dry &
Water is scarce, stoma close
To conserve water

16. Water Movement in Plants
Excess Water Leaves through leaf Stoma
Water Enters through
Roots

17. Photosynthesis and Chloroplast
Light Energy
Stroma
Grana
Chloroplast
CO2 + H2O
Sugars + O2
(Glucose)

18. Stages of Photosynthesis
(1st) Light-dependent
Reactions occur in grana
Light O2
Sugars
CO2
Chloroplast
NADP+
Chloroplast
ADP + P
(2nd) Light-independent
Can happen in light
Or Dark
Light-
Dependent
Reactions
Calvin
Cycle
ATP
NADPH :

19. Photosynthesis: Two Stages
Light Dependent:
Photolysis
Occurs in Grana
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy; gets really excited
Water molecule splits into H and O2; the O2 enters atmosphere, the H is picked-up by NADP NADPH2
ADP + P ATP
Light-Independent
Calvin Cycle (“carbon fixing”)
Occurs in Stroma
NADPH2 + CO2 + ATP
Glucose
C6H12O6

20. Carbon-Fixation or The Calvin Cycle in “detail”
CO2 Enters the Cycle
Energy Input
ChloropIast
5-Carbon
Molecules
Regenerated
The CO2 entering joins
With the Hydrogens to
Sugar molecules
6-Carbon Sugar
Produced
Sugars and other compounds :

21. Concept Map Photosynthesis Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis
includes
Light-
dependent
reactions
Calvin cycle
takes place in
uses
use
take place in
Thylakoid
membranes
Stroma
NADPH
ATP
Energy from
sunlight
to produce of
to produce
ATP
NADPH O2
Chloroplasts
High-energy
sugars
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22. Limiting Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
Amount of Light
Greater the duration and intensity; greater the rate of photosynthesis
Will reach maximum then levels off
Temperature
Extreme High or Low temperatures destroy the enzymes needed for photosynthesis
Amount of Water
Photosynthesis requires water; less water will decrease photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide
Not a limiting factor for land plants
Is a limiting factor for aquatic plants
Other limiting factors are soil minerals, Magnesium found in chlorophyll molecule