1. January 11, 2017
Objective: I can explain why DNA controls inheritance from generation to generation.
Launch:
DO YOU REMEMBER
Define following terms: GENE, HEREDITY, INHERITANCE
Homework: Work on your midterm review packet and bring your review books to class.

2. DO YOU REMEMBER

3. January 12, 2017
Objective: I can explain why DNA controls inheritance from generation to generation.
Launch:
Back of Launch
Define following terms: GENE, HEREDITY, INHERITANCE
Homework: Work on your midterm review packet and bring your review books to class.

4. Modern Genetics Think about it: What percentage of your DNA
do you think is identical to
other humans?

5. Think about it We are much more alike than you think.
Genes, which carry the specific instructions necessary to make proteins do the work of the cell, vary by only about percent across all humans.

6. Although the DNA of any two people on Earth is, in fact, 99
Although the DNA of any two people on Earth is, in fact, 99.9% identical, even a tiny difference can have a big effect if this difference is located in a critical gene
Even though humans share 100% of the same genes, the instructions contained within the genes are not entirely identical. Each person is unique. People have different hair colors, facial structures, and other traits. These differences between individuals result from very small differences in their DNA sequences. DNA also contains many so-called "housekeeping genes" that control important metabolic processes. As you will see, some of the differences in these genes can cause illness.

7. What is heredity?
Heredity is the passage of coded instructions from one generation of a species to the next.
DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic information in genes, which are located on the chromosomes of cells.

8. Human Traits Inherited with Different Numbers of Genes
Inherited Traits
A trait is a characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring through the genes.
Some traits are observable, for example eye color or height.
Other inherited traits are not observable
Production of adrenaline
Defective heart
Body chemistry problems (insulin production in diabetics)
Traits can be determined by 1 pair of genes or by several pairs of genes.
Human Traits Inherited with Different Numbers of Genes
Trait
Number of Gene Pairs Needed to Affect the Genes
Cystic Fibrosis
Single gene pair
Skin Color
Multiple gene pairs
Sickle cell disease
Single gene pair affecting multiple traits

9. What does a DNA molecule look like??

10. Deoxyribonucleic Acid: DNA
The DNA of the chromosomes is the genetic material that is passed from generation to generation.
Genes are sections of DNA molecules that codes for the production of specific proteins

11. 1/7/16 Aim: We can describe the structure of DNA.
LAUNCH:
HOMEWORK:
Study for quiz

12. LAUNCH

13. DNA Structure
DNA is a large molecule made up of thousands of repeating units called nucleotides.
A nucleotides is made of 3 parts:
a phosphate group;
a sugar
nitrogen base.
There are four different nitrogen bases:
adenine (A),
thymine (T),
cytosine (C),
guanine (G).

14. Structure of a DNA Nucleotide Unit
There are four bases: A, T, C, and G. Therefore there are four types of nucleotides.

15. James Watson and Francis Crick:
Discovered the shape of DNA
DNA consists of two connected chains of nucleotides forming a ladder-like structure.
Each step of the ladder consist of a pair of nitrogen bases joined together by a bond.
The two chains of the DNA molecule are twisted to form a spiral or double helix.

16. Watson and Crick:

17. Structure of the DNA Molecule: the double helix
The two strands are always complementary. When there is an adenine on one strand, there is a thymine on the other; when there is a cytosine on one strand, there is a guanine on the other.
*The base pairing rule: A-T and C-G.
If you know the order of bases on one strand, then you know the order of the other strand.

18. Problem#1 Strand 1 of the DNA molecule has the sequence – AATCGTATCTAG
What is the sequence of the bases on strand #2?
TTAGCATAGATC

19. Brain pop:
DNA

20. 1/7/16 Aim: We can describe the structure of DNA.
LAUNCH:
HOMEWORK:
Study for quiz

21. LAUNCH

22. Think about it
Do you think that EVERY cell in your body has the SAME IDENTICAL DNA?

23. Aim: What is DNA Replication???
Think about it: Why do you think DNA MUST REPLICATE?

24. NucleusChromosomeGene
From largest to smallest:

25. AIM:
How does DNA replicate?

26. DNA Replication
DNA can make exact copies of itself, in other words it can replicate.
This process is called DNA replication.
DNA replication occurs in the nucleus.
Nucleotides bond to their complementary bases on the DNA strand and produce two identical DNA molecules which are exact copies of the original.

27. DNA Replication
Nucleotides are joined by weak bonds between base pairs.
When DNA replicates (copies), it separates at these base pairs.
Each single strand becomes a template, or pattern, to make a new molecule.
The new molecule is formed by attaching new subunits to the template strand. (A-T, C-G)

28. DNA Replication Original “Parent” Strand Newly Replicated Strand

29. DNA Replication:

30. DNA model lab activity

31. The Structuere of DNA _________________ __________________
_________________ __________________
GATCTAGCTTTACG TAGCTAGCAGCTACT
_________________ ___________________
GTTTTACGCGTACG ATGCGTGTGACGTGC

32. It is important that DNA be replicated exactly because… THINK ABOUT IT: What if DNA makes a replication mistake?? AT CG TA GC

33. You tube
Amoeba sisters: Structure and function of DNA

34. 2/11/14 Aim: What is DNA Replication???
HW: minutes each night.
HW Quiz 2, Reading comprehension DUE TUES.
In your review book answer question 41 on page 42 DUE WED (Answer on a separate sheet of paper. Make sure to put a heading with the assignment review book question 41 page 42.
Castle learning assignment #2, quarter 3 DUE MON 2/24/14.
Quiz THURS OR FRI.
Do now:
Copy aim and hw. Take out guided notes.
Complete do now worksheet.
Think about it: Why do you think DNA MUST REPLICATE?

35. 1/14/15 PERIOD 4/5 Aim: We can describe the structure of DNA.
HW:
Castle learning assignment (7) DUE MON 1/12/15
HW quiz 8 DUE TUES.
Hand in any Labs that you did not finish in class “Monster Genetics” or “An inventory of traits” no later that FRI
Test corrections DUE FRI
Castle Learning #8 (Midterm Review) DUE TUES 1/19/15.
Do now:
Continue with your lab Worksheet.
Think about it:

36. 1/13/15 Aim: We can describe the structure of DNA.
HW:
Castle learning assignment (7) DUE MON 1/12/15
HW quiz 8 DUE TUES.
Hand in any Labs that you did not finish in class “Monster Genetics” or “An inventory of traits” no later that FRI
Test corrections DUE FRI
Castle Learning #8 (Midterm Review) DUE TUES 1/19/15.
Do now:
Worksheet “Do you remember”?
Think about it: What percentage of your DNA
do you think is identical to other humans?

37. Genetic Recombination
Genetic recombination occurs when a sperm and egg combine to form a new cell with a complete set of genetic information.
Genetic recombination results in a totally unique combination of thousands of genes.
Offspring will resemble either or both of the parents in many ways, but will not be identical to either.

38. Genetic Recombination

39. What is phenotype dependent on?
Phenotype: traits expressed in an organism, either observable or not observable.
Ex.- eye color or the presence of specific enzymes
Phenotype is dependent on two factors:
The organism’s genotype (DNA code)
The environment the organism lives in.
Example: The effect of temperature on hair color in the Himalayan rabbit.

40. Phenotype vs. Genotype
Genotype: the genetic code an organism contains in its DNA.
Not all traits in an individual’s DNA will be expressed in the organism.
Ex.- You can carry a gene for blue eyes and not actually have blue eyes.

41. DO NOW: Review What does DNA stand for?
What group of organic compounds does DNA and RNA belong to?
Where in the cell (organelle) does DNA replicate?
In the box below, sketch and label a DNA nucleotide?
What is the shape of DNA?

42. THINK ABOUT IT:
Why do individuals sometimes not look ANYTHING like their parents? Why do individuals sometimes have something that neither of their parents have?
Is it possible for a person who inherits a gene for a disease to never get the disease??
How come investigators for crimes look for evidence of ANY cells left behind at the crime scene? How does that help them?
The sequence of bases on a DNA strand is a code. What if the code on DNA was copied wrong?

43. Aims
What is heredity??
How does DNA replicate??

44. 5/9/11 Aim: How does DNA Replicate ?
HW:
HW quiz #7 due Tues. 5/10/11.
Castle learning #3,Q4 due Thursday.
HW quiz #8 (reading comprehension) due Fri.
Do now:
Quiz
Take out your guided notes for Genetics & heredity. Work on the replication worksheet.

45. 5/6/11 Aim: What does a DNA molecule look like??
HW:
HW Quiz #6, Q4 was due Tues.
Genetics vocabulary was due Thurs.
Castle learning assignment #2, Q4 due today.
Do now:
Quiz
Take out guided notes on “Genetics & heredity.”

51. 4/30/13 Aim: How does DNA replicate?? 6 weeks to regents
HW: minutes each night.
Definitions DUE TUES
HW Quiz #11 DUE WED
HW quiz #12 DUE THURS
Castle Learning Regent review assignment DUE FRI
Do now:
Question
Think about it: Is it possible for a person who inherits a gene for a disease to never get the disease??

52. Think about it:
Is it possible for a person who inherits a gene for a disease or disorder to never get the disease or disorder??

53. Environmental factors effect genes getting turned on and off…
Think about it: What happens to your pupils when it is dark?? What about when it is bright??
Pupils dilating

54. Modern Genetics Think about it: Why do individuals sometimes not look
ANYTHING like their parents?
Why do individuals sometimes have
something that neither of their
parents have?

55. Video clip Couple gives birth to twins, one black, one white.

56. 1/6/16 Aim: We can describe the structure of DNA.
LAUNCH:
HOMEWORK:
State question

57. HW

58. LAUNCH

59. HW