1. Using Quotations Effectively
The ICE Method

2. Integrating Quotes into your Essay
Never insert a quote or a paraphrase abruptly into your writing without first introducing the quote (or paraphrase), citing it, and explaining it.
This means that you will never begin or end a paragraph with a quote. This method is often referred to as the ICE method of integrating quotes: Introduce, Cite Evidence, and then. Explain.

3. What is ICE? Three Elements: I-C-E Introduce the First Idea or Point
Cite
Explain

4. Sample Question:
Think about your parents and all they provide for your family. If your parents passed away, what consequences might ensue? In the novel The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton, Darry, Soda, and Ponyboy’s parents die in a car accident. In what ways must Darry take on the role of an adult, because of their death. Provide some of the characteristics the author gives Darry to illustrate this point.
This question requires you to go back into the text and PROVIDE EVIDENCE!!

5. How do you “Introduce”?
Provide where the quote came from as well as show the source of the quote using a signal verb.
Use transitions!
EXAMPLE: One of the characteristics that demonstrate Darry takes on the role of an adult is he is hardworking. For example, In The Outsiders, S.E. Hinton illustrates this when Darry’s youngest brother Ponyboy states that, “Darry is always pulling muscles; he roofs houses and is always trying to carry two bundles of roofing up the ladder” (Hinton 16).
Tell your reader who is speaking or where this quote came from and the relationship this person or source has to the point you are making. (INDICATOR)
Preview what the quote says - The quote cannot do the work for you; you must provide your reader with some idea of why you have chosen to use this quote.

6. Using a “signal verb” Signal verbs include:
After including the source of the quote, be sure that you use a signal verb to indicate that the sources words are next.
This part provides the reader with who this quote is coming from as well as his relationship or authority on the topic.
Signal verbs include:
adds remarks exclaims announces replies predicts
claims comments responds estimate writes points out
suggests proposes declares criticizes proclaims complains
notes observes thinks presents concludes argues

7. Example of How you “Introduce”?
One of the characteristics that demonstrate Darry taking on the role of an adult is he is hardworking. For example, in The Outsiders, S. E. Hinton illustrates this when Darry’s youngest brother Ponyboy states that, “Darry is always pulling muscles; he roofs houses and is always trying to carry two bundles of roofing up the ladder” (Hinton 16).
Source of quote
Transition
Signal Verb

8. How do you “Cite”? Provide the quotation
MLA Format requires parenthetical citation
EXAMPLE: (Hinton 16).

9. How do you “Cite”?
One of the characteristics that demonstrate Darry taking on the role of an adult is he is hardworking. For example, In The Outsiders, S. E. Hinton illustrates this when Darry’s youngest brother Ponyboy states that, “Darry is always pulling muscles; he roofs houses and is always trying to carry two bundles of roofing up the ladder” (Hinton 16).

10. How do you “Cite”? MLA Format and Parenthetical Citations
Quotations marks after last word, before parenthesis
Punctuation after parenthetical citation (final parenthesis)
Author’s name
Page number – just the number, no “p.” or “pg” or other designation

11. How do you “Explain”? Explain the significance of the quotation.
Establish connections to topic sentence and thesis
Focus on specific words or ideas.
It is your responsibility as the writer to interpret the quote for your reader and provide the significance. Your reader should not have to interpret the quote and what it means. THIS IS THE ANALYSIS PORTION!

12. How do you “Explain”?
One of the characteristics that demonstrate Darry is taking on the role of an adult is he is hardworking. For example, in The Outsiders, S. E. Hinton illustrates this when Darry’s youngest brother Ponyboy states that, “Darry is always pulling muscles; he roofs houses and is always trying to carry two bundles of roofing up the ladder” (Hinton 16). Clearly, this reveals just how hard of a worker Darry is; it’s not enough to simply work a tough job like roofing. He tries to carry double the amount of material up the ladder so he can do more work more quickly.

13. Let’s put ICE together
One of the characteristics that demonstrate Darry taking on the role of an adult is he is hardworking. For example, in The Outsiders, S. E. Hinton illustrates this when Darry’s youngest brother Ponyboy states that, “Darry is always pulling muscles; he roofs houses and is always trying to carry two bundles of roofing up the ladder” (Hinton 16). Clearly, this reveals just how hard of a worker Darry is; it’s not enough to simply work a tough job like roofing. He tries to carry double the amount of material up the ladder so he can do more work more quickly.

14. 6 Rules of Thumb
1. Quote the Good Stuff! Beware of using quotations that do not mean anything or add substance to your essay. (RANK YOUR EVIDENCE!)
2. Avoid Over-quoting! Remember "less is more." Do not pad your essay with other people's ideas.
3. Keep Quotations Short!
4. Copy Quotations Correctly!
5. Do Not Start a Paragraph with a Quotation. A paragraph should begin with your ideas.
6. Do Not End a Paragraph with a Quotation. Always conclude the paragraph with your ideas.

16. One More Example!
Incorrect Quoting- Muhammad Ali was the best boxer ever. “Ali was the greatest of all time” (Ward 2). NO FLOATING QUOTES! When we ICE ICE BABY!

17. It can become…
Muhammad Ali was the best boxer to ever live. For instance, in the article The Greatest: Muhammad Ali, fellow boxer, Mike Tyson exclaims, “Ali is the greatest of all time” (Ward 2). Mike Tyson is another boxer that many also consider one of the best. When another amazing boxer such as Mike Tyson says that Ali was the greatest of all time, his opinion is trusted and holds a lot of weight.