1. Standard
U.S Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of World War I on the home front, including the role played by women and minorities, voluntary rationing, the Creel Committee, opposition by conscientious objectors, and the case of Schenck v. United States.

2. Objectives
TSW analyze the political, economic, and social
ramifications of World War I on the home front,
including the role played by women and minorities,
voluntary rationing, the Creel Committee, opposition
by conscientious objectors, and the case of
Schenck v. United States.

3. Selective Service Act
-draft
-created to overcome troop shortage
-24 million registered, 4 million drafted
-Passed by Congress in May of 1917
-ages then ages 18-45

4. The Home Front: Selling the War to Americans
**The Committee on Public Information was created
to influence public opinion to support our entry
into the war.
-Headed by George Creel
-Also called the Creel Committee
-Used Propaganda through
newsprint, posters, telegraph,
and cinema.
-abolished in 1919

5. Creel Committee (Continued)
-warned of German spies
-caused splinter groups that targeted
anyone who called for peace or
questioned the war.
-German books and music banned in
some places
-German names changed
(hamburger-salisbury steak)
(Sauerkraut-liberty cabbage)
(dachshounds -liberty pups)

6. Suppressing Dissent
**Because many spoke out against the war, Congress passed
the Espionage and Sedition Acts.
-outlawed acts of treason
-made it a crime to “utter, print,
write, or publish any disloyal or
abusive language criticizing the
government, flag, or military.”
-opposition to the draft,
war-bond drives, and the arms
industry became a crime.
-Violation of the 1st amendment?
-Supreme court said no- -not during
a time of war.

7. Schenk v. United States
**A U.S. Supreme Court decision concerning the enforcement
of the Espionage Act.
-unanimous vote
-defendants gave out leaflets to draft-aged men urging them
to resist being inducted into military
-said interfering with draft is criminal act
-first amendment rights did not apply
because the statements presented a
“clear and present danger”
to our war effort
and security.

8. Conscientious Objector
-One who claims the right to refuse to perform military
service on the grounds of:
-freedom of thought
-conscience
-religion
-were often jailed
**In some nations, conscientious objectors are assigned
alternate civilian service.
**Many who had lost family in the war resented conscientious
objectors.

9. The Home Front: Women During WWI
**Women played a major role at home and abroad in
the war effort.
-Replaced men in factories
-Nurses in the war
-Ran the Red Cross
-Joined the Navy and Marines
**Most all the gains made
by women during the war
were lost when men
returned home.

10. The Home Front: The Role of African Americans in WWI
**Because the war left a shortage of workers and a high
demand for supplies, many African-Americans moved
north to work.
The Great Migration
African-Americans move north for:
-Job Opportunities
-More political rights
-Better education
**Thousands of African-Americans begin to move north.
This trend will continue through the 1960s.

11. **Southern migrants did not always find the “promised land”
they had envisioned.
-residential segregation
-substandard living conditions
-job discrimination
-some hostilities from whites
-some resentment from older black residents as
neighborhoods became overcrowded.

12. African-American Military Service in WWI
-Over 200,000 blacks served over seas, many with distinction
-Nearly 400,000 blacks served in uniform during WWI
-Blocked from Marine Corp.
-Over 600 became commissioned officers
-Served in segregated units

13. The Home Front: Financing the War
**The war was expensive. The U.S. government found ways
to raise money.
-Tax increases
-Liberty Bond Sales
-Liberty Stamps for Children
**By war’s end, $21 billion had been raised.

14. The Home Front: Rationing (Hooverizing)
**Government agencies were created to mobilize American
agriculture during the war.
Food Administration
-Headed by Herbert Hoover
-cut consumption 15%
-Conserved food for soldiers
-Guaranteed farmers a set price for crops
-Encouraged civilians to ration
-Meatless Mondays
-Wheatless Wednesdays
-Victory Gardens
-”When in doubt, eat potatoes.”

15. 3 Truths and a Lie:
Even children were asked to do their part in the war by buying
liberty stamps, rationing food, or growing liberty gardens.
The purpose of the Creel Committee was to influence Americans’
opinions on the war.
African-Americans moved north in large numbers during WWI
to find more job opportunities.
Discrimination against African-Americans and immigrants
seemed to decrease during this time as Americans realized
we needed to band together to get through the war.