1. Phases of Matter

2. What is a property? Property
any type of characteristic or trait of matter that can be identified by observation and the use of your senses.
Ex:
density, mass, and volume, texture, smell, touch, color, odor

3. Two Types of Properties Physical and Chemical
1. Physical Properties:
Characteristics that do not change the substance. No new substance is formed!
They are observed using our senses.
It distinguishes one type of matter from another.
Ex: mass, weight, volume, density, melting point, boiling point, color, odor, texture, ductility

4. 2. Chemical Properties: Property by which a chemical change occurs!
A new substance can be formed!
How can you tell there was a substance change?
You can see: flames, smoke, bubbling
You can hear: crackling, fizzing
A new substance will be formed.
The matter cannot be returned to its original form.
Ex: reacts with water, iron into rust, pancake mix to a pancake, flammability, combustion, oxidation

5. Physical and Chemical Changes of Matter
Physical Change:
Is a change of substance based on size or identity but the actual substance is still the same
Ex: glass breaking, separating gravel from sand, cutting grass, dissolving into liquid
How do you identify one?
The substance has not changed its identity!

6. 2. Chemical Change:
A complete change in substance, having different properties and cannot be returned to the original substance
Ex: burning leaves, reacts with water, combustion, corrosion, making pancakes! Yum!
How do you identify one?
There was a color change
Change in temperature
Bubbling
Flame
Odor given off

7. States of Matter and Descriptions of Characteristics
4 states of matter: Solid, liquid, gas and plasma
1. Solid:
Structure is a regular repeating pattern known as a crystal.
Definite shape and definite volume
Tightly packed and can vibrate
Some solids do not keep definite shapes and they are called amorphous Ex: glass

8. Liquid 2. Liquid: Particles have an attraction for each other
Takes shape of it’s container it is placed in to the highest volume
no definite shape
definite volume
Has viscosity:
the resistance of a liquid to flow

9. Gas
3. Gas
Gas particles spread away from each other and can be pushed very close together
They are in constant motion
No definite shape, takes all available space in a container
NO definite Volume can change

10. Plasma
4. Plasma
Very dangerous and extremely high ionized gas in high energy
Most commonly found in the universe
Plasma makes up the sun and stars
On Earth it creates lightening and flames

11. Which of the following is a
solid, liquid, gas?
A. B C.

13. Phase Changes
A change of a substance from one state to another is called:
phase change
During phase changes:
Temperature of the matter remains constant! 
You will notice it is placed on the plateau of a line graph.

14. Phase Change Diagrams
Heating Curve

15. Phase Change Diagrams
There are two diagrams for expressing phase changes:
Heating Curve: when increasing temperature is added to matter, going from a solid, liquid to gas
Cooling Curve: when temperature is taken away from matter, going from a gas, liquid, to solid

16. Freezing This Phase Change is called Freezing
Freezing Point, the phase change at which the temperature of a liquid and a solid are in an equilibrium, matter is losing energy, matter changes from a liquid state to a solid state
This phase change is found on the Plateau
Freezing point of water: 0ºC

17. Fusion (Melting)
When the matter is gaining energy from a solid state it is called Fusion (Melting)
This will be found on a plateau of a Phase Change diagram between a liquid and solid state.
Melting Point, phase change at which the temperature of a liquid and a solid are in an equilibrium, matter is gaining energy.
Melting point for ice: 0ºC

18. Vaporization
Vaporization, is a phase change at which a liquid and a gas are in an equilibrium, a substance changes from a liquid to a gas (water boils)
Vaporization/Boiling Point of Water: 100ºC
Matter gains energy (heat)
It is found on the plateau of a Phase Change diagram between a liquid and gas state.
This means:

19. Evaporation liquid from the surface vaporize
like the surface water from a lake evaporates from its body of water from the water cycle.

20. Condensation
Condensation, is a phase change at which a gas and liquid are in an equilibrium, a substance changes from a gas to a liquid(water vapor is condensing)
Matter loses energy (heat)
Temperature drops
This phase is found on a plateau of a Phase Change diagram
This means:

21. Name ______________________ Date: 10/22 Quick Write
Time (s)
Name ______________________ Date: 10/22 Quick Write
Label the Boiling Point of water with the letter B.
Label the Melting Point of water with the letter M.
Label the phase changes on the arrows.
Label the three States of Matter of water.
Name ______________________

22. Label the states of matter on the diagram.
Time (s)
Label the states of matter on the diagram.
Label the Phase Changes on the diagram.
What is the Boiling Point of Water?
What is the Melting Point of water?
During a phase change what occurs to the temperature of the water?
How can you observe this on a phase change diagram?

23. Label the states of matter on the diagram.
Time (s)
Label the states of matter on the diagram.
Label the Phase Changes on the diagram.
What is the Boiling Point of Water?
What is the Melting Point of water?
During a phase change what occurs to the temperature of the water?
How can you observe this on a phase change diagram?

24. When heat is added to a solid When heat is taken away from a liquid
Phase Change Diagrams
Warming Curve
Cooling Curve
When heat is added to a solid
When heat is taken away from a liquid
Fusion
(melting)
Solidification
Vaporization
Condensation

25. boyles_law_graph_small
As the pressure on a fixed gas increases, the volume decreases. As the pressure on a fixed amount of gas molecules decreases then the volume increase.
Pressure  Volume = is inverse relationship
P1V1 = P2V2
(T = constant )
boyles_law_graph_small

26. Charles’s Law
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to temperature.
As the temperature of a gas increases the volume of the gas increases!
CharlesLawtgV82

27. Charles’s Law
P = constant

28. Converting Temperatures and Scaling Your Graphs
Equation Celsius = (F - 32) x (5/9)
Fahrenheit = (C x 9/5) + 32
How to Scale your Graph!
Take the largest recorded temperature and divide it by the number of boxes on the axis you are labeling.
You must scale your axis to the end of the graph paper!

29. Examples of Physical Properties
Ductility: ability to drawn into wire
Ex: copper drawn into wire to conduct electricity
Boiling point: temperature at which a liquid turns to gas
Ex: water boils at 100 degrees C
Melting point: temperature at which a solid turns to liquid
Ex: water melts at − °C
Malleability: Ability to be pounded into thin sheets
Ex: aluminum can be shaped into thin sheets

30. Solubility: Ability for one substance to dissolve into another
Ex: Kool Aide can dissolve into water
Elasticity: ability to be stretched or compressed and return to original size
Ex: rubber
Transparency: enabling light to pass
Ex: a leaf
Brittleness: ability to crack or break
Ex: egg shell