1. Dworkin’s approach of rights
Seminar 2
Dworkin’s approach of rights

2. Abstract language
The Constitution grants individual rights in extremely abstract terms.
The First Amendment prohibits the passing of laws that "abridge the freedom of speech”
the Fifth Amendment insists on "due process of law”
and the Fourteenth Amendment demands "equal protection of the laws" for all persons.

3. Controversial issues
What does that abstract language mean when it is applied to the political controversies that divide Americans?
examples: affirmative action and racial justice, abortion, euthanasia, capital punishment, censorship, pornography, and homosexuality
Judges, and ultimately the justices of the Supreme Court, must decide for everyone, and that gives them great power.

4. How should justices decide?
the Bill of Rights must be understood as setting out general moral principles about liberty and equality and dignity
private citizens, lawyers, and finally judges must interpret and apply those general principles by posing and trying to answer more concrete moral questions.

5. Is it undemocratic?
Are judges substituting their own moral convictions for those of Congressmen and state legislators who had been elected by the people?
Judicial activism

6. Hard cases Cases where the outcome is not obvious
Dworkin believes that our judges do decide hard constitutional cases by posing and answering such concrete moral questions.
Is this only way they can decide those cases.

7. Interpretivism
Interpretivism as developed by Dworkin includes the claim that interpretation is sensitive to values and that it is fundamental to the nature of law.
Many theorists accept that, given the law, interpretation that is sensitive to values is necessarily employed in its application

8. Originalism
Originalist theorist-strict construction-original intent: the constitution should be interpreted according to the original intent of the framers