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Gene Regulation & Mutations

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Presentation on theme: "Gene Regulation & Mutations"— Presentation transcript:

1 Gene Regulation & Mutations

2 What is a gene? Section of ______________that codes for a single trait
Main function = production of ______________ All cells have a complete _______of genes, but they are not all _______________

3 Gene Regulation Complex _____________ that ___________whether a gene is turned ____ or _____ in a cell. Prevents cells from __________raw materials & ____________ on substances it does not need.

4 Prokaryotes

5 Lac Operon in e. coli bacteria
_____________-binds to the operator & ______________ transcription in absence of _____________ _____________- binds to repressor when lactose is present, repressor ___________ off, & ___________ can occur

6 Eukaryotes Eukaryotic DNA has ____________(expressed sequences) & _____________ (intervening sequences that do not code for anything) Whole gene is ______________, then enzymes chop out introns before being translated.

7 Mutations Any _________ in the DNA sequence
Passed to offspring ____________ if occurs in a reproductive cell Most mutations are harmful

8 Point Mutations Change in a _________ base pair
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a ___________ mutation

9 Frameshift Mutation Single base is _________ or ___________ to DNA moving the frame of codons Changes ________ codon from that point forward ________ devastating effect than point mutation

10 Chromosomal Mutations- structural change in the chromosome
__________ - portion of the chromosome is left out ____________ -pick of sister chromatid breaks off & attaches causing a portion to be duplicated ____________- part of chromosome breaks off & reattaches backwards ______________- piece of a non-homologous chromosome breaks off & attaches to chromosome

11 Differences in Mutations
Point Mutation Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat. Mutation: The fat hat ate the wee rat. Frame-shift mutation Mutation: The fat caa tet hew eer at Deletion Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat. Mutation: The fat ate the wee rat. Insertion Mutation: The fat cat xlw ate the wee rat. Inversion Mutation: The fat tar eew eht eta tac.

12 Mutagen Any ______that causes a change in DNA
Include: __________, ___________, high ___________, etc

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