1. Fermilab Project-X Overview
Shekhar Mishra
Project-X,
International Collaboration Coordinator
Fermilab

2. Outline Fermilab Complex Fermilab Strategic Plan Project-X
Energy Frontier
Cosmic Frontier
Intensity Frontier
Project-X
Some Design Details
R&D and Project Status
Project-X Collaboration
India Collaboration
Summary

3. Fermilab and the World Program
The Fermilab Tevatron has now passed on the energy frontier to LHC, following 25 years as the highest energy particle collider in the world.
Fermilab operates the highest power long baseline neutrino beam in the world. But will face stiff competition from J-PARC
To Soudan

4. Fermilab Strategic Plan
The U.S. strategy for elementary particle physics over the coming decades has been developed by the DOE’s High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP).
Fermilab is fully aligned with this strategy.
The Fermilab strategy is to
mount a world-leading program
at the intensity frontier, while
using this program as a bridge
to an energy frontier facility
beyond LHC in the longer term.
Broaden the physics program
to include Nuclear Physics and
Energy

5. Gaps and Roles: Energy Frontier
Next two decades:
Dominated by LHC.
Upgrades to LHC machine and detectors
Biggest gap:
What follows the LHC? Depends on results and at what energy results occur
Fermilab strategy:
Physics exploitation and upgrades of LHC.
R&D on future machines:
ILC if physics at “low” energy;
Muon Collider if physics at high energy;
New high field magnets for extension of LHC or future proton colliders at ultra-LHC energies

6. Fermilab Roles: Energy Frontier
Tevatron
LHC
LHC
LHC Upgrades
ILC??
LHC
ILC, CLIC or
Muon Collider
2022
Now
2016
2019
2013

7. Gaps and roles: Cosmic Frontier
The principal connection to particle physics:
The nature of dark matter and dark energy
Gap in the direct search for dark matter:
Get to “zero—background” technology.
Gap in understanding dark energy
Establishment of time evolution of the acceleration:
New major telescopes (ground and space)
Fermilab strategy:
Establish scalable “zero-background” technology for dark matter.
Participate in future ground and space telescopes (the principal agencies are NSF and NASA, not DOE)

8. Fermilab Roles: Cosmic Frontier
DM: ~1 ton
DE: LSST
WFIRST??
BigBOSS??
DM: ~10 kg
DE: SDSS
P. Auger
DM: ~100 kg
DE: DES
P. Auger
Holometer?
DE: LSST
WFIRST??
2013
2016
2019
2022
Now

9. Gaps and Roles: Intensity Frontier
Two principal approaches:
Proton super-beams to study neutrinos and rare decays
Quark factories: in e+e- and LHCb
Principal gap is
The understanding of neutrino
The observation of rare decays coupled to new physics processes
Fermilab strategy:
Develop the most powerful set of facilities in the world for the study of neutrinos and rare processes, way beyond the present state of the art.
Complementary to LHC.

10. Fermilab Roles: Intensity Frontier
MINOS
MiniBooNE
MINERvA
SeaQuest
NOvA
MicroBooNE
g-2?
SeaQuest
Project X+LBNE
m, K, nuclear, …
n Factory ??
LBNE
Mu2e
Now
2013
2016
2019
2022

11. Fermilab Present Collaborative Efforts
International
Collaborations
for our programs
Collaboration among DOE laboratories
Project X, ILC/SRF, Muon collider, neutrino factory, LHC Accelerator, many particle experiments, …
27 countries
23 countries
16 countries

12. PX: Reference Design Configuration
325 & 650 MHZ
1300 MHz
3-GeV, 1-mA, CW linac, 325 and 650 MHz, provides beam for rare processes, nuclear and energy programs
~3 MW; flexible provision for beam requirements supporting multiple users
< 5% of beam is sent to the Main Injector
Reference Design for 3-8 GeV acceleration: pulsed linac
Linac would be 1300 MHz with <5% duty cycle

13. Project X: Central to the strategy
CW Linac a unique facility for rare decays:
A continuous wave (CW), very high power, superconducting 3 GeV linac.
Unique in the world
Greatly enhances the capability for rare decays of kaons, muons
CW linac is also the ideal machine for other uses:
Standard Model tests with nuclei (ISOL targets),
Possible energy and transmutation applications,
Cold neutrons
Coupled to an 8 GeV pulsed LINAC and to the Recycler and Main Injector
the most intense beams of neutrinos at high energy (LBNE) and low energy (for the successors to Mini and MicroBooNE)
Eliminates proton economics as the major limitation: all experiments run simultaneously
scope would be difficult to reproduce elsewhere

14. Broad and Flexible Physics
Project X is central and gives us the ultimate world program at the intensity frontier. It is a very broad program with a lot of flexibility
3 GeV CW
linac
3-8 GeV pulsed linac
8-120 GeV
existing machines
Muons
Kaons
Nuclei (ISOL)
Materials (ADS)
Neutrinos vs. antineutrinos
Long base line neutrino oscillations

15. Nuclear Energy Interest of HIPA
A multi-MW proton source could be the key element of a Nuclear Energy program, including transmutation
Multi MW CW beam at 1-2 GeV (similar to Fermilab Project-X) could be the accelerator and target technology demonstration project. 15 15

16. Project-X: Mission
A neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments
2 MW proton source at GeV
High intensity, low energy protons
for kaon and muon based
precision experiments
Operations simultaneous with the
neutrino program
A path toward a muon source for possible future Neutrino Factory and/or a Muon Collider
Requires ~4 MW at ~5-15 GeV .
Possible non-HEP missions under consideration
Nuclear physics
Nuclear energy applications (Demonstration: Accelerator and Transmutation)

17. Reference Design: Provisional Siting
CW Linac
Pulsed Linac

18. Project-X Reference Design Layout
3 Gev cw linac
3 Gev beam transport
3-8 Gev pulsed linac
8 Gev beam transport 18
PX Briefing to OHEP 18

19. Project-X: Front End Room Temp (RT) (~15m) H- -source: 10 mA CW
MEBT
RFQ
H-gun
Room Temp (RT) (~15m)
H- -source: 10 mA CW
RFQ (Room Temperature and CW): MHz, ~ 2.5 MeV, 1/10mA avg/peak
Pulsed RFQ under test at Fermilab
MEBT (room temperature):
High Bandwidth Chopper
RT bunching cavities, P < 5 kW each
Triplet (RT) optics (keep round beam)

20. Project-X Linac : Reference Design
SSR0
SSR1
SSR2
β=0.6
β=0.9
325 MHz MeV
650 MHz GeV
ILC
3-8 GeV
SSR0
SSR1
SSR2 LE HE
ILC
#Cavities 18 40 48
152
224
#Solenoids 20
#Quadrupoles 32 46 28
#Cryomodules 1 2 4 8 19
Length, m
11.38
15.2
33.6
157.05
330.51
353.27
Position, m
26.58
60.18
157.11
487.62
Period Length, m
0.61
0.8
1.6
6.06
13.76
25.23
#Periods 10 16 14
Transition Energy, MeV
10.79
35.17
153.7
537.32
3038
8319
Transition Beta
0.150
0.266
0.511
0.771
0.972
0.995

21. CW Linac: 325 MHz and 650 MHz Cavity Power
Cavity Gradient
Cavity Power
Energy Gain per Cavity
Project-X is a compact SRF Accelerator: Design enhances capabilities and reduces cost.

22. 325 MHz Spoke Resonator Cavity Parameters of the single-spoke cavities
325 MHz Spoke Resonator Cavity
SSR0 - design
SSR1 – prototyping, testing
SSR2 - design
Parameters of the single-spoke cavities
cavity type
β G
Freq MHz
Beam pipe ø, mm
Va, max MeV
Emax
MV/m
Bmax mT
R/Q, Ω G,
*Q0,2K
109
Pmax,2K W
SSR0
β=0.115
325 30
0.6 32 39
108 50
6.5
0.5
SSR1
β=0.215
1.47 28 43
242 84
11.0
0.8
SSR2
β=0.42 40
3.34 60
292
109
13.0
2.9

23. RF Parameter for elliptical Cavities
1.3 GHz ILC
650 MHz: β=0.61
650 MHz: β=0.9
Parameter
LE650
HE650
ILC
β_geometric
0.61
0.9 1
Cavity Length = ncell∙βgeom/2 mm
703
1038
R/Q
Ohm
378
638
1036
G-factor
191
255
270
Max. Gain/cavity (on crest)
MeV
11.7
19.2/17.7*
17.2
Acc. Gradient
MV/m
16.6
18.5 / 17
16.9
Max surf. electric field
37.5
37.3 / 34 34
Max surf. magnetic field, mT 70
70 / 61.5 72
Q0 @ 2°K
 1010
1.5
2.0
P2K max
[W] 24
29 / 24 20

24. AES 2nd batch has 75% yield > 35 MV/M Meet Project-X goals
Most Recent 9-cell, 1.3 GHz Cavity Results 6 cavities built by ACCEL and 6 by AES PX PX
ILC
Courtesy of R Geng
AES 2nd batch has 75% yield > 35 MV/M
Meet Project-X goals
But… of course low statistics

25. 1st U.S. built ILC/PX Cryomodule
VTS
ANL/FNAL EP
HTS
String Assembly
MP9 Clean Room
VTS
Final Assembly
1st U.S. built ILC/PX Cryomodule
1st Dressed Cavity

26. Project-X: Test Area 325 MHz Spoke Cavity Test Facility 1.3 GHz HTS
HINS Linac enclosure for 10 MEV
Source of cryogenics
Scale: Square blocks are 3ft x 3ft
Ion Source and RFQ

27. Accelerator Unit Test: Phase-1
Capture Cavity 2 (CC2)
Cryomodule-1 (CM1) (Type III+)
5 MW RF System for CM1
Under Commissioning
CC2 RF System 27

28. Accelerator Unit Test: Phase 2/3
Capture Cavity 1 (CC1)
Future 3.9/Crab Cavity Test Beamlines
Cryomodules
CC2
RF Gun
5MW RF System for Gun
CC1 & CC2 RF Systems
5MW RF System for Cryomodules
Future 10MW RF System 28

29. Accelerator Unit Test Status
Injector
Detailed Lattice designed
New gun system being installed
Collaboration with DESY, KEK & INFN
CC2 (single 9-cell cavity) operational - 10/09
Accelerator
CM1 installed, aligned, and under vacuum
Cooled, Under RF Power

30. Project X could be up and running in ~2020
Strategy/Timeline
Completed all preliminary design, configuration, and cost range documentation for CD-0, Feb 2011
Department of Energy briefing on November 16-17, 2010
Continue conceptual development on outstanding technical questions
Baseline concept for the chopper
Concept for marrying the 3-8 GeV pulsed linac to CW front end
Injection into the Recycler
SRF and RF development at all relevant frequencies
The DOE has advised that the earliest possible construction start is FY2016
We are receiving very significant R&D support for Project X and SRF development (~$40M in FY11, not including ARRA (stimulus))
Planning for a five year construction schedule
Project X could be up and running in ~2020
You should verbally say how much is the total expense in Project-X and SRF R&D. If I add everything up it will be close to $0.5B ( )

31. International Collaboration MOU
Collaboration Plan
A multi-institutional collaboration has been established to execute the Project X RD&D Program.
Being organized as a “national project with international participation”.
Fermilab as lead laboratory with ultimate responsibility
International participation via “in-kind” contributions, established through bi-lateral MOUs.
Collaborators assume responsibility for components and sub-system design, development, and construction.
National Collaboration
MOU signatories:
ANL ORNL/SNS
BNL MSU
Cornell TJNAF
Fermilab SLAC
LBNL ILC/ART
International Collaboration MOU
Indian Institutions:
BARC/Mumbai
IUAC/Delhi
RRCAT/Indore
VECC/Kolkata

32. India Collaboration on Project-X
India Institutions are already key collaborators in both Project-X accelerator and Physics programs
Accelerator collaboration:
Key to Indian domestic program (Energy and Application)
Physics Collaboration:
Continues 3 decades Indian institutions collaboration with Fermilab, while enhancing in new physics and application areas
Accelerator Collaboration
All aspects of CW Linac
Plan is to jointly develop accelerators at Fermilab and in India
Physics Collaboration
Dzero (Energy Frontier)
MINOS, NOvA, LBNE, MIPP (Intensity Frontier)
LHC-CMS Center at Fermilab
Exploring collaboration in
Rare decays (muon, Kaon)
Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Energy

33. Summary
Project X is central to Fermilab’s strategy for development of the accelerator complex over the coming decade
World leading programs in neutrinos and rare processes;
Potential applications beyond elementary particle physics;
Nuclear physics and nuclear energy applications
Aligned with ILC and Muon Accelerators
Project X design concept is well developed and well aligned with the requirements of the physics program:
3 GeV CW linac operating at 1 mA: 3 MW beam power
3-8 GeV pulsed linac injecting into the Recycler/Main Injector complex
We are expecting CD-0 for Project X in early 2011
Project X could be constructed over the period ~2016 – 2020

34. Backup Slides

35. Mission: Physics Requirements
Working groups established to outline experimental needs in five areas:
Proton Energy
(kinetic)
Beam Power
Beam Timing
Rare Muon decays
2-3 GeV
>500 kW
1 kHz – 160 MHz
(g-2) measurement
8 GeV
20-50 kW
Hz.
Rare Kaon decays
2.6 – 4 GeV
20 – 160 MHz.
(<50 psec pings)
Precision K0 studies
2.6 – 3 GeV
> 100 mA (internal target)
Neutron and exotic nuclei EDMs
GeV
> 100 Hz

36. Comparative situation
Europe: now fully occupied at the energy frontier: LHC upgrades and future energy frontier machines (ILC, CLIC). To get into neutrinos competitively would need to do the same as in present US plans, with the addition of a modern high energy synchrotron. Not excluded but very unlikely
Japan: Is the nearest competitor, however there are crucial long term advantages to Project X

37. Comparative advantages
Higher CW power at low energies: push rare decays one to two orders of magnitude further
Proton economics: run multiple rare decay experiments and neutrinos simultaneously. At JPARC the 50 GeV synchrotron is used for neutrinos and rare decays – requiring sharing
Long base-line experiment to DUSEL detectors with baselines not possible in Japan
Far more flexible set of facilities and plenty of land for expansion