1. What are the two types of routes used by network administrators?
Static
Dynamic
What are default routes used for?
Default routes are special kind of static routes used to route packets with destinations that do not match any of the other routes in the routing table.

2. What are the two classes of routing protocol?
Distance Vector
Link State
Give one example of Link State routing protocol?
Open Shortest Path First.

3. List three examples of distance vector routing protocol?
RIP
IGRP
EIGRP
What is the maximum hop count used by RIP? 15

4. What does EIGRP stand for?
Enhanced interior gateway routing protocol
What does RIP stand for?
Routing information protocol

5. What does IGRP stand for?
Interior gateway routing protocol
What are the default metrics used by EIGRP?
Bandwidth
delay

6. What is the default metrics used by RIP?
Hop count
What are the default metrics used by IGRP?
Bandwidth
delay

7. How often does RIP updates its routing information?
30 seconds
How often does IGRP updates its routing protocol?
90 seconds

8. List the advantages of link-state routing
Fast convergence
Robustness against routing loops
Router knows the topology
Packets are sequenced and aged
Database size can be minimised with careful design

9. List the disadvantages of link-state routing
Significant demands on memory and processing resources
Requires strict network design
Requires knowledgeable network administrator
Initial flooding can impede network performance

10. Define routed protocol
Routed protocol is used to direct user traffics
Define routing protocol
Routing protocol is used for communication between routers

11. Name 4 examples of routing protocols
RIP
IGRP
EIGRP
OSPF
Name 2 examples of routed protocol IP
IPX
Apple Talk

12. What is the command used to save running-configuration file to startup-configuration file?
Copy running-configuration startup-configuration

13. Name and describe the 2 basic functions of a router
Path determination
enables a router to evaluate the paths to a destination and to establish the preferred handling of a packet
Switching
internal process used by a router to accept a packet on one interface and forward it to a second interface on the same router

14. What are the four attributes that can be obtained from the CISCO filename?
Hardware platform
Feature sets
File format
Version number

15. What does ICMP stand for?
Internet Control Message Protocol
Which protocol is an error reporting protocol for IP?
ICMP

16. Name and describe the two classes of routing protocol?
Distance vector
determines the direction (vector) and distance to any link in the internetwork
Link state
recreates the exact topology of the entire internetwork

17. State and describe the two level of access for router
user EXEC
Allow user to view configuration of router
privileged EXEC
Allow user to change configuration of router

18. State and describe the two protocols used in the transport layer
TCP
Connection-oriented reliable protocol
UDP
Connectionless unreliable protocol

19. State the reserved port number for the following applications:
DNS 53
HTTP 80
FTP 21
SNMP 161
SMTP 25
TFTP 69
telnet 23

20. What are the 3 commands used for network troubleshooting and which layers that operate on?
Traceroute network layer
telnet application layer
Ping network layer

21. Name 4 common internal components of a router
RAM
NVRAM
Flash
ROM

22. CLI What are the 3 stages of the router boot up sequence
Check Hardware
Find and load IOS image file
Find and apply configuration file

23. WAN List the main difference between LAN and WAN
LAN connected devices within the same building while WAN connect devices across large geographical areas.
Name 4 common devices used in WAN
Router
Switch
Communication server
modem

24. WAN Name any two organizations that define and manage WAN standards.
International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T),
International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
Electronic Industries Association (EIA).

25. WAN List 2 WAN protocol used in the data link layer Frame relay ISDN
PPP
HDLC

26. Router Fundamentals What memory is used to store RAM NVRAM
Running-configuration
Startup-configuration
IOS image file
RAM
NVRAM
Flash memory

27. Router Fundamentals
Which internal memory of a router loses its contents when the router is turned off?
RAM
Which 2 internal memory of the router retain its content when power is turned off?
NVRAM
ROM

28. Router Fundamentals
What are the 2 types of management ports commonly found in a router?
Console port
Auxiliary port
List the 2 main functions of the management ports.
Configuration
troubleshooting

29. CLI What are the 2 level of access in the CLI command User EXEC
Privileged EXEC
What is the maximum size of the command history buffer?
256
What is the default size of the command history buffer? 10

30. CLI
List the key stroke for the various IOS command line editing commands:
Move cursor to beginning of line
Move cursor back 1 character
Move cursor to end of line
Move cursor forward 1 character
Move back 1 word
Move forward 1 word
Ctrl-a
Ctrl-b
Ctrl-e
Ctrl-f
Esc-b
Esc-f

31. IP address How many bits are there in an IP address? 32
How many bits are there in an subnet mask?
What are the 2 parts of an IP address?
Host ID
Network ID

32. IP address
What is the maximum numbers of bits that can be borrowed from a class C IP address for subnetting? 6
What is the default subnet mask for a class C IP address?
What is the range of a class C IP address?
hhh to hhh

33. IP address
What is the maximum numbers of bits that can be borrowed from a class B IP address for subnetting? 14
What is the default subnet mask for a class B IP address?
What is the range of a class B IP address?
hhh.hhh to hhh.hhh

34. IP address
What is the maximum numbers of bits that can be borrowed from a class A IP address for subnetting? 22
What is the default subnet mask for a class A IP address?
What is the range of a class A IP address?
001.hhh.hhh.hhh to 127.hhh.hhh.hhh

35. CDP
Device configure with CDP sent out periodic messages. What are these messages known as?
Advertisements
List any 2 information that can be obtained from device configured with CDP.
Device type connected
Interface used to make the connection
Interface devices are connected to
Model numbers of devices

36. CDP
What are the 3 common commands used for troubleshooting of network connectivity issue?
telnet
Ping
traceroute
Write the command used to connect to a remote router
telnet

37. CDP What are the tasks perform by the POST during router’s startup?
The router executes diagnostics from ROM on all hardware modules. These diagnostics verify the basic operation of the CPU, memory, and network interface ports.

38. CLI
Complete the following CLI command to configure a fastethernet interface F0 with IP address /24.
Router> _________ ; privileged mode
Router# ____________ ;global configuration mode
Router(config)# __________ ;interface configuration mode
Router(config-if)# _________________________________
Router(config-if)# ___________ ;enable interface
Router(config-if)# ____ ;back to global configuration mode
Router(config)# _____ ; back to privileged mode
Router#
enable
config terminal
interface F0
ip address
no shutdown
exit
exit

39. CLI
Complete the following CLI command to configure a serial interface S0 with IP address /16.
Router> _________ ; privileged mode
Router# ____________ ;global configuration mode
Router(config)# __________ ;interface configuration mode
Router(config-if)# _____________________________
Router(config-if)# _______________ ;set clock
Router(config-if)# ____________;enable interface
Router(config-if)# ____ ;back to global configuration mode
Router(config)# _____ ; back to privileged mode
Router#
enable
config terminal
interface S0
ip address
clock rate 56000
no shutdown
exit
exit

40. Complete the following CLI command to change the router name.
Router> _________ ; privileged mode
Router# ____________ ;global configuration mode
Router(config)# _____________ ;change hostname
GAD(config)# ____________
enable
config terminal
hostname GAD

41. Complete the following CLI command to set the console password.
GAD> _________ ; privileged mode
GAD# ________________ ;global configuration mode
GAD(config)# _____________ ;enter line config mode
GAD(config-line)# ____________; set password
GAD(config-line)# ______; enable passwordchecking
enable
config terminal
line con 0
password cisco
login

42. Complete the following CLI command to set the vty password.
GAD> _________ ; privileged mode
GAD# ________________ ;global configuration mode
GAD(config)# _____________ ;enter line config mode
GAD(config-line)# ____________; set password
GAD(config-line)# ______; enable password checking
enable
config terminal
line vty 0 4
password class
login

43. Complete the following CLI command to set the enable and secret passwords.
GAD> _________ ; privileged mode
GAD# ________________ ;global configuration mode
GAD(config)# _________________ ;set enable password
GAD(config)# __________________; set secret password
enable
config terminal
enable password second
enable secret first

44. IP address
Given a class C network address , you are required to create 10 different subnets. Determine the following:
How many bits are needed for subnetting?
4 bits
How many useable host does each subnet has? 14
What is the subnet mask for the subnets?

45. What are the ranges of the Standard and Extended ACL?
Explain what is an ACL
ACLs are lists of conditions that are applied to traffic traveling across a router's interface.
What are the ranges of the Standard and Extended ACL?
Standard – 1 to 99
Extended – 100 to 199

46. What is the technique used to distribute load between two or more computers?
Load balancing
What hardware connects to a network to provide maximum network security?
firewall

47. What are the advantages of named ACL as compared to standard or extended ACL?
Intuitively identify an ACL using an alphanumeric name.
Eliminate the limit of 798 simple and 799 extended ACLs
provide the ability to modify ACLs without deleting and then reconfiguring them

48. Write the ACL to deny a specific host 192.168.17.3
Router(config)#
access-list 1 deny
Write the ACL command to permit hosts from network
Router(config)#
access-list 1 permit

49. Write the ACL command to deny hosts from 192.168.7.0 network
Router(config)#
access-list 1 deny
Assign access-list 1 to the fastethernet interface FA0/0
Router(config)# interface FA0/0
Router(config-if)# ip access-group 1 in

50. Router
Serial S0
Serial S1
Fastethernet F0
Apple -
Orange
Pear
Pear S1 S0 F0 F0 S1 S0
Orange
Apple

51. Pear(config)# router rip Pear(config-router)# network 192.168.16.0
Serial S0
Serial S1
Fastethernet F0
Apple -
Orange
Pear
Pear(config)# router rip
Pear(config-router)# network
Pear(config-router)# network

52. Router
Serial S0
Serial S1
Fastethernet F0
Alpha -
Bravo
Charlie
Alpha S0 S1 F0 F0 S0 S0
Charlie
Bravo

53. Alpha(config)# router rip Alpha(config-router)# network 172.17.0.0
Serial S0
Serial S1
Fastethernet F0
Alpha -
Bravo
Charlie
Alpha(config)# router rip
Alpha(config-router)# network
Alpha(config-router)# network

54. Router
Serial S0
Serial S1
Fastethernet F0
Central -
East
West
East S0 S1 F0 F0 S1 S1
West
Central

55. East(config)# router rip East(config-router)# network 192.168.15.0
Serial S0
Serial S1
Fastethernet F0
Central -
East
West
East(config)# router rip
East(config-router)# network
East(config-router)# network

56. Router
Serial S0
Serial S1
Fastethernet F0
First -
Second
Third
First S1 S0 F0 F0 S0 S1
Third
Second

57. First(config)# router rip First(config-router)# network 192.168.13.0
Serial S0
Serial S1
Fastethernet F0
First -
Second
Third
First(config)# router rip
First(config-router)# network
First(config-router)# network

58. Complete the CLI to create a standard ACL to stop traffic from 192. 15
Complete the CLI to create a standard ACL to stop traffic from and allow all other traffic
configure terminal
Router# ___________________________ ; enter global configuration mode
Router(config)# ___________________________________ ; commands for ACL
Router(config)# __________________________________ ; commands for ACL
access-list 1 deny
access-list 1 permit any
Complete the ACL below to assign the ACL to serial interface S0/0 in the inbound direction
interface S0/0
Router(config)# _______________________ ; change to serial interface
Router(config-if)# _________________________ ; assign ACL
ip access-group 1 in

59. Complete the CLI to assign the ACL to fastethernet interface FA0/0
Complete the CLI to create a standard ACL to deny hosts from network but permit a specific host and permit any other hosts.
configure terminal
Router# ___________________________ ; enter global configuration mode
Router(config)# __________________________________ ; commands for ACL
access-list 1 permit
access-list 1 deny
access-list 1 permit any
Complete the CLI to assign the ACL to fastethernet interface FA0/0
interface FA0/0
Router(config)# _______________________ ; change to fastethernet interface
Router(config-if)# _________________________ ; assign ACL
ip access-group 1 in

60. Complete the CLI to create a standard ACL to permit hosts from 172. 15
Complete the CLI to create a standard ACL to permit hosts from network but deny a specific host and deny hosts from all other network
configure terminal
Router# ___________________________ ; enter global configuration mode
Router(config)# ___________________________________ ; commands for ACL
Router(config)# __________________________________ ; commands for ACL
access-list 1 deny
access-list 1 permit
access-list 1 deny any
Complete the ACL below to assign the ACL to serial interface S0/0 in the outbound direction
interface S0/0
Router(config)# _______________________ ; change to serial interface
Router(config-if)# _________________________ ; assign ACL
ip access-group 1 out