1. Welcome Hawthorne! independent critical thinking
Greetings from USC CALIS
Hawthorne School District and USC CALIS
have formed a partnership for middle school students
GOAL
Integrate History-Social Sciences & English Language Arts
independent critical thinking
For the HPA—Hawthorne Parents Academy, which of these slides will be good to use with parents about the Four Worlds (4W) analytical frame?
Use HSS analytical tools to develop ELA skills 1

2. Independent Critical Thinking
Input
Output
listening
speaking
reading
writing
active
articulate
INPUT
active reading & active listening
= be able to infer & relate concepts/ideas (factors, virtues, etc.)
= be able to think critically about information/ideas
Main idea: Students achieve greater skills as a result of greater understanding.
Teach ideas, and the skills improve as their grasp of ideas improves.
Ideas are the focus, using tools that support understanding/skills.
greater understanding = stronger skills
OUTPUT
clear, cohesive speaking & writing
= be able to further synthesize, evaluate information/ideas
= be able to express critical thinking 2

3. Independent Critical Thinking
Once you are equipped to be a critically thinking listener and reader,
then you are equipped to be an articulate speaker and writer.
As your understanding of history deepens,
your skills in language arts will grow.
The art of teaching is the art of assisting discovery.
Mark Van Doren
USC CALIS │ School of International Relations (IR) 3

4. 7th Grade Social Sciences & Language Arts Integration
Medieval & Early Modern World History
Rome: The Fall of the Rome
Inquiry Arc
 Focus Question
What was the most important factor that caused the fall of the Roman Empire?
 Culminating Writing Prompt
What was the most important factor that caused the fall of the Roman Empire? Describe the context of factors that were challenging the empire to explain why a certain factor was the primary cause. Was the empire destined to fall? 4

5. Four Worlds of History story
Geography & Technology affect all Four Worlds
Political World
Economic World
Social World
Cultural World
Social Science Factors
tell the story of history
Each world is complex! And the relationships between factors across worlds is the amazing complexity of the human condition… that repeat across time & across cultures!
Each world has its own field of study, but they all overlap as an interdisciplinary field of social science:
political science, economics, sociology, anthropology, psychology, philosophy, etc.
+ geography, the sciences, engineering, etc.
As you build your skills to identify & relate factors,
you can learn from age-old challenges that we face today 5

6. How is water part of each world?
Four Worlds of… Water
How is water part of each world?
Political World
Economic World
Social World
Cultural World
How is government involved with water?
What kinds of products & services involve water?
water
How is water a class issue?
Does water have special meaning for some people or special uses?
4W intro
Step 1: At this point, students do not use the factor sheet. Just think about it…
Use a quick think-pair-share:
Assign pairs or groups of 4 to each world and display the supporting questions. Do students need more supporting questions?
Resource: color-coded role sheets are available

7. Which factors can be related to this image?
Political World
Economic World
managing the commons
production
natural resources
public goods
infrastructure
infrastructure
innovation
& efficiency
water
Social World
Cultural World
religion
lack of
Do students see larger or more subtle relationships?
 Religion is a often a major portion of a person’s identity.
What are some spiritual beliefs about water?
 spiritually life-giving
 symbolic of cleansing one’s soul
 “pure water” is what sustains life just  role of purity
equity
identity
& access
practices
rites & rituals

8. What is your best 4W analysis of SpongeBob?
Political World
Economic World
Social World
Cultural World 8 8

9. Each world has different influences on me and I have a role & influence in each world, too!
I live in four worlds!
Political World
Economic World
Social World
Cultural World

10. 4W Inventory – Factor Review water SpongeBob me
Using three different colors, highlight the factors on the factor sheet
that were identified in each 4W exercise
water
SpongeBob me
Before students get to the first inference exercise using textbook quotes, they can see how they are building their familiarity and understanding of 4W factors.
Over time, you can build your familiarity with social science factors
and continually deepen your understanding 10

11. Good leaders “protect & serve” their people.
Throughout all time and all places, people want leaders to… __________?
Good leaders “protect & serve” their people.
Political World
Economic World
Social World
Cultural World
leadership
public servant
challenges to governing:
 corrupt officials
 power struggles (between officials or military generals)
trust
Student responses will vary -- People want leaders to…
…be honest, wise, strong, practical, kind, compassionate
…have their best interests in mind
…protect them from invasion
 In the end, the main ideas are to “protect & serve”
respect
expectations
Compare the role of leadership in the rise and fall of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire.

12. Did something similar happen with Romans?
Forms of Government vs. Effective Leadership
Around 500 BCE, the people of Athens decided to try governing themselves. They developed democracy, or “rule by the people”…
Woohoo!
Way-to-go, Athenians!
Thank you, Ancient Greece!
Not all Greeks believed that democracy was a good type of government. Powerful speakers sometimes persuaded ordinary citizens to vote unwisely. Often, the assembly reversed important decisions after just a few weeks. Because of problems like these, most city-states returned to earlier forms of government, such as dictatorships and oligarchies.
Wait… what?
Did something similar happen with Romans?
Source: History Alive! The Ancient World, TCI, 2004 — page 257 12

13. Timeline: Roman History – the big picture
millennium scale
How many years is this Roman History from the Republic to the Fall of Constantinople?
Birth of the Republic
Unification of Italy
Overseas Expansion
Civil Wars
Fall
of the Republic
Birth
of the Empire
509
1962 years
Conflict of Orders: 494 287 BCE
Plebs 200-yr struggle for equality
Origins of Rome
509 BCE
almost 2000 years
Roman Republic lasts for over 400 years
Etruscan Kingdom
1000 BCE
8th century BCE
500 BCE
1 BCE
First Millennium BCE
Fall of Rome
Byzantine Empire
Roman Empire in the West lasts for over 400 years
Roman Empire in the East continues 
476 1
First Millennium
500
1000
Student Task: In groups of 4, what “anchor dates” do you know in history that you use to “stay oriented” in time with a point of reference?
Examples: 1492 – Columbus landed in (or “discovered”) America // 1776 – US Declaration of Independence (during American Revolutionary War)
Note – If students do not have many anchor dates, then which ones should be part of their general knowledge as they study medieval and early modern history?
The class can pick anchors dates that they will use as points of reference during the year.
2017
 1776
241 years
Fall of Constantinople
1776
How old is the USA?
…and lasts for another 1000 years
United States of America
1453
1000
Second Millennium
1500
19th century
2000
You Are Here
2000
Third Millennium
2500
3000 13

14.  Limited Voice/Representation (Tribunes)
The Roman Republic was continually evolving to be a more true democracy of shared power
The plebs struggled for over 200 years to gain political equality with the patricians. Little by little, they won more rights:
 Limited Voice/Representation (Tribunes)
 Partial Legislative Power (Council of Plebs)
 Written “Constitution” (Twelve Tables)
 Rule of Law (laws applied to all)
 Veto Power
CALIS Activities Database  Timeline: Roman Republic's Conflict of Orders --
Notes the major milestones as plebs gained a greater voice (Tribunes), stronger rule of law (Twelve Tables), to finally gaining legislative power
 Equal Representation
 Full Legislative Power
Why would they ever go back to a dictatorship?
Forms of Government vs. Effective Leadership 14

15. Timeline: From Republic to Empire – a closer look
century scale
He always supported the rights of the common people. He was the plebeian’s favorite politician.
Julius Caesar claims sole rule & restores order
Birth
of the Empire
Civil Wars 
Generals used their armies to gain fame in far-off lands and then fight for power in Rome
45 BCE
27 BCE
Assassination of Julius Caesar
40 years later, another civil war broke out between two generals, Pompey and Julius Caesar
In one civil war in the 80s BCE, 200,000 Romans were killed
44 BCE
“Octavian emerged as the winner”
“bloody power struggle”
Augustus Caesar
First Emperor
Fall of the Republic
Roman Republic
100 BCE
the 80s BCE
50 BCE
1 BCE
1st century BCE
NOTES: Do students see that the decline of the Republic was going on for decades with civil wars and power struggles between generals?
In the previous timeline, among the military leaders that were “unifying Italy” and conducting “overseas expansion” during the growth of the Republic, some would often want to return to Rome and become political leaders.
Death of Augustus
at age 75
During his rule, a long period of peace and prosperity began. 14
Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE
Roman Empire 1
1st century 50
100
100
2nd century
150
180
200 15

16. Roman Dictators / Dark Knights Cincinnatus
An unusual feature of the Roman Republic was the office of dictator. Today, we define a dictator as an oppressive ruler with complete control over the state.
Roman dictators also had complete control, but they only ruled on a temporary basis during emergencies.
The Senate appointed a dictator during times of great danger. As soon as the danger was past, Roman dictators gave up their power.
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
Cincinnatus
During the first 50 years of the Republic
CALIS Activities Database  Roman Dictators: the first Dark Knights? --
This slide is most of page 1 – a student handout that has one more important paragraph stating that George Washington was inspired by Cincinnatus!
 Page 2 of this reading contains two twists to the “inspiring legend” – see next slide
The best-known early Roman dictator is Cincinnatus. About 460 BC, a powerful enemy had surrounded a Roman army… Cincinnatus left his farm and gathered an army. He defeated the enemy in short order and returned to Rome in triumph. Although he probably could have continued ruling, Cincinnatus did not want power. Having done his duty, he returned to his farm and gave up his dictatorship.
During the plebs 200-yr struggle for equality
Conflict of Orders: 494 287 BCE
Source: Discovering Our Past: Ancient Civilizations, Glencoe, 2006 — page 429 16

17. Caeso would assault not just any plebs, but the Tribunes of the Plebs!
Cincinnatus’ Son: Caeso
Caeso was tall and strong, and had earned a reputation as a fine soldier, to whom several feats of courage and daring were attributed. He was also considered an excellent public speaker.
But in the disputes between the patricians and the plebeians, Caeso unreservedly took the side of the aristocratic party. His trial for obstructing the tribunes of the plebs in 461 BC was one of the key events in the Conflict of the Orders.
Despite holding no position of authority, he and his followers took it upon themselves to prevent the tribunes of the people from meeting in the forum to conduct their business. If anyone dared oppose them, Caeso and his friends resorted to violence, driving away the plebeians and their representatives.
Continuing from the previous lesson, this slide is part of page 2 that presents two twists to the story of Cincinnatus
Main idea: The Conflict of Orders was a 200-year struggle by the plebs to gain political equality. Cincinnatus’s son is an example of what the plebs had to fight against.
Reviewing this background will lay the foundation for watching the scene of Julius Caesar – Enemy of the State – where he is preparing to cross the Rubicon. He is passionate about returning to Rome to defend the Republic against those who would attack the plebs… Caesar, as a dictator, is beloved by the people.
CALIS Activities Database  Roman Dictators: the first Dark Knights? --
The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree
…with some exceptions?
Where did he get his views toward the plebs?
Source: 17

18. Who was a friend of the plebs?
Cincinnatus —Part 2
Cincinnatus, Roman patriot in the 5th century BC, was consul in 460 BC and dictator twice (458 and 439).
According to tradition, in his first dictatorship he came from his farm to defeat the Aequi and Volscians, who were threatening the city from the east and southeast. He returned from battle, resigned his dictatorship, and went home to his farm.
In 439 he came out of retirement to put down the plebeians.
The separation of legend from history in Cincinnatus' story is impossible.
This slide is last part of page 2 that presents the second twist to the story of Cincinnatus
Main idea: Cincinnatus may have been a protector of the Republic, but for the interests of wealthy, landowning patricians? Protector of the status quo, not a support of the plebs?
Again, this background lays the foundation for watching the scene of Julius Caesar – Enemy of the State – where he is preparing to cross the Rubicon. Caesar is passionate about returning to Rome to defend the Republic against those who would attack the plebs… Caesar, as a dictator, is beloved by the people.
CALIS Activities Database  Roman Dictators: the first Dark Knights? --
Cincinnatus was a protector of the Republic… but was he an enemy of the plebs?
Who was a friend of the plebs?
Source: 18

19. Julius Caesar: An enemy of the state?
Caesar: [to the troop leader] Any of your people I can mention?
Soldier: Titus Pullo took the head off the first man that came at him.
Caesar: Sergeants, Pompey and the Senate have formally declared that Gaius Julius Caesar is an enemy of Rome. They have declared that I am a criminal. They have declared, in effect, that all of you also are criminals Veto was not exercised.
People's Tribune Mark Antony and 50 men of the 13th were assaulted by a thousand head of Pompeian scum. A Tribune of the Plebs assaulted on the steps of the Senate House! Can you imagine a more terrible sacrilege!?! Our beloved Republic is in the hands of madmen!
This is a dark day and I stand at a fork in the road. I could abide the law and surrender my arms to the Senate and watch the Republic fall to tyranny and chaos, or I can go home with my sword in my hand run those maniacs to the Tarpeian Rocks!
Legionary Titus Pullo step forward. Titus Pullo and 50 brave men of the 13th fought Pompey's thousand in the forum and saved the Tribune. It was legionary Titus Pullo drew first blood. …Here is 500 denari.
Pullo: Very grateful, Sir.
Caesar: Are you with me, Titus Pullo? Will you come with me to Rome?
Pullo: Yes. Yes, Sir. Certainly!
Caesar: Titus Pullo is with me. And you? Are you with me?
The script for the 2-min scene is page 4
Julius Caesar is deciding to cross the Rubicon. He is passionate about returning to Rome to defend the Republic against those who would attack the plebs…
Caesar, as a dictator, is beloved by the people.
CALIS Activities Database  Roman Dictators: the first Dark Knights? --
Enemy of the State: Caesar's Speech to 13th Legion
— 2 min, 42 sec
Source: The HBO mini-series Rome 19

20. A knight is a powerful protector.
White Knight
works within the system
How do we distinguish Dark Knights from White Knights?
Dark Knight
works outside the system 20

21. Why is Batman called the Dark Knight?21

22. The Dark Knight: the hero we need?
Natascha: No, come on—how could you want to raise children in a city like this? …I’m talking about the kind of city that idolizes a masked vigilante…
Harvey Dent: Gotham’s proud of an ordinary man standing up for what’s right.
Natascha: Gotham needs heroes like you—elected officials, not a man who thinks he’s above the law.
Bruce Wayne: Exactly. Who appointed the Batman?
Harvey Dent: We did. All of us who stood by and let scum take control of our city.
Natascha: But this is a democracy, Harvey.
Harvey Dent: When their enemies were at the gate, the Romans would suspend democracy and appoint one man to protect the city. It wasn’t considered an honor. It was considered public service.
Rachel: And the last man they asked to protect the republic was named Caesar. He never gave up that power.
Harvey Dent: Well, I guess you either die a hero or you live long enough to see yourself become the villain. Look, whoever the Batman is, he doesn’t want to spend the rest of his life doing this. How could he? Batman’s looking for someone to take up his mantle.
Before reading – clarify: Harvey Dent is the District Attorney (DA) for Gotham City. The DA is the top lawyer (top legal defender) of the city. A DA can be elected or appointed
 Harvey Dent was elected to his position as District Attorney. Dent must operate within the law while a vigilante operates outside the law.
Script lesson -- handout and guide -- on the CALIS Activities Database:
The Dark Knight: the hero we need? -- 22

23. The Dark Knight: the hero we need?
After reading the script and then viewing the scene:
1. Why would the city “idolize” the Batman?
2. What does Natascha mean by “heroes like you” when referring to Harvey Dent?
The one man – a temporary dictator – did not have to get approval of the Senate to act on behalf of the people. The democratic process of debates & voting was set aside so that the dictator could “save the day” and not be hampered by the messy, slow process of democracy.
With Batman, he is not “an officer of the law” but he is enforcing the law by rounding up criminals using his high-tech gadgets. He is honorable -- does not use a gun and does not rough up the “suspects”. But he is not hampered by having to follow “rules of engagement”.
3. What does Dent mean by “all of us who stood by” appointed the Batman?
4. What did it mean to “suspend democracy” to let one man protect the city?
Watch the restaurant scene: You Either Die a Hero, or You Live Long Enough To See Yourself Become the Villain — — [2 min 1 sec] 23

24. A Dark Knight has honorable qualities.
How is there is a “fine line” between Dark Knights and villains?
A Dark Knight has honorable qualities.
Batman does not “enforce the law”. He stops crime.
He catches criminals using high-tech gadgets, no guns. Then he turns them over to the police.
But if he lets himself go too far
and is cruel or destructive in his pursuits
or does not act for the good of the people…
then he becomes a villain.
For some, a Dark Knight is a hero. Others see a villain. 24

25. Roman Dictators / Dark Knights Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar was born into a noble family, but he always supported rights of the common people. He was the plebeian’s favorite politician. They believed that he understood and cared about their needs. He did, but he was no saint. He was practical, strong willed, and hungry for power. Street-smart, he made very few mistakes, and he knew how to take advantage of the mistakes of his enemies. (1)
As the Roman Republic grew larger and more populated, the task of maintaining order and stability became increasingly difficult. In addition, tensions arose between the different classes in Roman society. Eventually, Rome fell into a civil war, which is a conflict between different groups within a country.
In 45 BCE, a powerful Roman general named Julius Caesar brought order to Rome and named himself sole ruler. This brought an end to the Roman Republic. (2)
Sources:
1. The World in Ancient Times, Ronald Mellor & Amanda Podany, General Editors, Oxford University Press, 2004
— The Ancient Roman World, Ronald Mellor & Marni McGee
2. World History: Medieval and Early Modern Times, McDougal Littell, 2006 — page 49
3. History Alive! The Ancient World, TCI, 2004 — page 331
As dictator, Julius Caesar introduced many reforms. He gave work to thousands of Romans by starting projects to make new roads and public buildings. To keep the poor happy, he staged gladiator contests they could watch for free. He also adopted a new calendar that is still used today. (3)
How was Julius Caesar a great example of a Dark Knight? 25

26. Roman Dictators / Dark Knights
Octavius, Octavian  Augustus
Octavius donned the toga, the Roman sign of manhood, at age 16, and began taking on responsibilities through his family connections. In 47 B.C. he went to Hispania (modern-day Spain) to fight alongside Julius Caesar.
He was shipwrecked along the way, and had to cross enemy territory to reach his great- uncle—an act that impressed Caesar enough to name Octavius his heir and successor in his will.
Augustus Caesar
63 BC -– 14 AD
From the HBO mini-series Rome
As the first Roman emperor (though he never claimed the title for himself), Augustus led Rome’s transformation from republic to empire during the tumultuous years following the assassination of his great-uncle and adoptive father Julius Caesar.
He shrewdly combined military might, institution-building and lawmaking to become Rome’s sole ruler, laying the foundations of the 200-year Pax Romana (Roman Peace) and an empire that lasted, in various forms, for nearly 1,500 years.
CALIS Activities Database  Roman Dictators: the first Dark Knights? – This slide is part of page 8
The reading is an excellent secondary source with 4W factors that students should identify and use in their analysis of Roman Empire’s strengths and challenges.
Source: History.com ―
How was Augustus Caesar both a dictator and Dark Knight? 26

27. Inspired by
90 seconds to prepare in pairs, then…
Pass the mic
Indeed, Romans repeated history and did what the Greeks did
by returning to earlier forms of government, including dictatorships.
In this context, it’s not intended to be a polished fast pitch, but a short, clear and meaningful explanation in an informal setting.
In the spirit of JayWalking, this is street talk – simple and straightforward, as well as articulate and insightful.
A person who is not part of the “prep pair” holds the mic and asks the question.
As the mic is passed, students elaborate on each other’s explanations with additional “bullet points” and different examples.
How does the concept of a Dark Knight explain this seemingly poor choice? 27

28. Good leaders “protect & serve” their people.
Political World
Economic World
Social World
Cultural World
leadership
Roman Dictators
In the final years of the Roman Empire, was leadership a pivotal factor?
respect
Describe the context of factors that were challenging the empire. Explain why a certain factor was the primary cause.
Was the empire destined to fall?

29. What is the Four Worlds model and how does it work?1
What is the Four Worlds model and how does it work?
(transcript of student discussion)
Political World
Economic World
Social World
Cultural World
It’s a system of organizing everything that takes place into one of 4 major categories… We’re focusing on sorting. Factors can influence these four sections in any way and can be combined with any of them.
Jordan, 8th grade
The factors all can connect depending on one specific example and you can see originally how you place it into one category, and see how it connects to the other three worlds that you at first, didn’t think it would belong in.
Audrey, 8th grade
The 8th graders had used 4W during both 7th grade World and 8th grade US.
I think it’s cool how each of the Four Worlds can affect each other in many different ways like a domino effect. If one thing happens in one world, it can affect lots of other things in different worlds.
Noah, 7th grade 29 29

30. How is Four Worlds different from other ways of learning history?2
How is Four Worlds different from other ways of learning history?
(transcript of student discussion)
Political World
Economic World
Social World
Cultural World
Before [at my other school] I was just learning important dates and main ideas – basically trying to memorize it. But since using the Four Worlds, I’ve been able to see why these are important dates. Also how they affected life back then and how it affected life today. How there’s not always just a simple ‘this is the answer and it’s the only answer’. There are multiple answers, and thinking outside the box, and thinking more thoroughly than I was before..
Spencer, 8th grade
The Four Worlds also helped me because it’s not just regurgitation, it’s analysis. So you can really understand the facts and condense them in a way you can understand.
The 8th graders had used 4W during both 7th grade World and 8th grade US.
Madison, 7th grade 30 30

31. (transcript of student discussion)3
Is there one factor you recognize right away – where you recognize a pattern?
(transcript of student discussion)
Political World
Economic World
Social World
Cultural World
For me, it’s infrastructure— Medieval China, Emperor Wendi reunified China …when he created more infrastructure - improved the Great Wall & the Grand Canal - it really brought China together. That’s how I think about the gateway to China’s golden age with the Tang and Song dynasties. That’s why I think infrastructure’s really important. [Can you connect to 8th grade?] Yes, during the Civil War, the Union had greater communications with other regions also in the North… more canals and railroads needed to transport soldiers as well as goods and other supplies that they needed I thought that was a big part in how they won the Civil War.
Audrey, 8th grade
For me, it’s equity & access—The whole world history is all based on how much does one person have compared to what another person has. As we move forward in history… we all have the thinking of what can I do and what can I say to make it so that I can have the same rights and the same abilities as another person… So, that’s history.
The 8th graders had used 4W during both 7th grade World and 8th grade US.
Spencer, 8th grade 31 31

32. Analytical tools enable students to be ACTIVE listeners and ACTIVE readers
Tools are filters
…to efficiently manage information
□ organize details & unpack ideas
I know what to look for and what to do with it.
Tools are content-rich
…to master key concepts & dynamics
□ achieve depth
I can outline issues so that I can tackle complexity.
Tools are conceptual frameworks
…to relate issues in context of a big picture
□ achieve scope & build perspective
I can evaluate how pieces could fit differently.
Tools are structured yet flexible
…to provide clear criteria & remain open-ended
□ achieve rigor
I know what constitutes a solid response.
Tools are a way of thinking
…to build a meaningul frame of reference
□ strengthen reasoning & deepen understanding
I have a tool for life.
If you are able to ACTIVELY organize and evaluate what you read, hear, or watch
then you are in a position to ARTICULATE what you understand and recommend 32

33. Tell her about the four worlds thing.
Inspired by
For teachers:
90 seconds to prepare in pairs, then…
Pass the mic
A parent sees you in the parking lot and wants to ask a quick question…
What’s the four worlds thing my child is talking about?
What is it and why is it important?
In this context, it’s not intended to be a polished fast pitch, but a short, clear and meaningful explanation in an informal setting.
A person who is not part of the “prep pair” holds the mic and asks the question.
At home, students must have QUALITY VERBAL INTERACTION with their families.
For students:
You’re at a family gathering and your mom is telling your aunt about your history class being supported by USC. She asks you…
Tell her about the four worlds thing. 33

34. Social Sciences & Language Arts Integration
GOAL:
independent critical thinking
“Not knowing an answer is very uncomfortable. The process of good reasoning requires us to delay landing on an answer. It requires us to doubt any preconceived ideas and seek for why an answer might be wrong. [Students] must delay an answer. In order for students to deeply reason, they must sustain doubt. They must learn to enjoy the muddle of looking for holes in a theory. If we want students to reason deeply we must make this process of reasoning the main point of academics.”
That's Why: Examining Reasoning and Justification
Catherine Underwood and Kathryn Gullo
Both are National Board Certified Teachers and UCLA Writing Project Fellows in LAUSD.
California English, Vol 20.4, April-May 2015 34

35. Social Sciences & Language Arts Integration
Best Practices
Best way to become a better reader…
Read more.
Best way to become a better writer…
Write more.
Best way to develop critical thinking
is through critical thinking 35

36. Center for Active Learning in International Studies
Four Worlds │ 4W Analysis
a project of the
Center for Active Learning in International Studies
School of International Relations
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Four Worlds of Social Science Factors
Teresa Hudock, Director, USC CALIS
is based on the
Four Worlds of International Relations
Steven Lamy, Professor, School of IR
Classroom materials are available free online at
dornsife.usc.edu/calis
For more information, contact:
Teresa Hudock 36

37. Hawthorne School District
Four Worlds │ 4W analysis
Attention all recipients of this file:
First, thank you for opening this powerpoint and considering using it! 
Whether the file was sent to you directly from Teresa or relayed by a colleague, CALIS and USC rely on your professionalism for proper credits and sourcing:
Materials developed by or through CALIS are made available online via a database and website that serve as a digital file cabinet of teaching resources. Materials are free in support of teachers and students, and to promote curriculum reform. When teachers or other CALIS partners write, adapt, or collaborate on materials —they are cited. The source information includes their affiliated schools or organizations. As others download and further adapt these materials—all credit and source lines, for teachers as well of for USC CALIS, should remain in tact as the original source.
This ppt was created as part of a partnership with Hawthorne School District, Year 2:
The ppt initially supported a packet of materials reviewed with teachers in August 2017.
Hawthorne School District
Instructional Leadership Team for Integrating History-Social Science and English Language Arts
Teresa Hudock, Director, USC CALIS or
dornsife.usc.edu/calis
Initial Launch: Aug 16, 2017
This Edition: Aug 30, 2017 37