1. FACT OR FRICTION The Most Advanced Technology In Lubrication
EVERGREEN AMERICA CORPORATION
FACT OR FRICTION The Most Advanced Technology In Lubrication
Represented by:
Will Monsell, President
GREEN ENERGY PRODUCTS, LLC
Damariscotta, Maine
THE OPENER AND PREVIEW
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©Evergreen America Corporation, 2003, 2004 1

2. Lubrication
Lubrication is the act of applying lubricants and lubrication
substances which are capable of reducing friction between
moving mechanical parts
The challenge of the lubricant as you will see is to prevent or delay component failure by forming a barrier between two opposing surfaces thus reducing particle generation. So a good lubricant reduces wear is save to say. The problem is that even the best lubricants deteriorate as a result of chemical and physical contamination caused by particle generation as a result of friction and heat. The costly results of friction will be very obvious as we proceed. 2

3. Asperities Asperities
All surfaces, no matter how smooth they may appear to the unaided
eye, when sufficiently magnified are rough and uneven. This
unevenness is know as asperities.
Asperities
Even the best lubricants can not prevent asperities from generating particles nor can the Anti-wear additives in the base oil maintain a sufficient barrier for long.
Asperities when rubbed together generate particulate 3

4. Friction Consumes Power
Friction is the resistance to relative motion between two
bodies in contact. According to the Department of
Energy, 62.4% of energy is lost to friction in the engine
resulting in the loss of fuel, horsepower & components
Greatest friction occurs by particles the same size as the oil film thickness
Particle induced wear is greatest when the particle is same size as oil film thickness. As you can see, under the present conditions the OEM filter does not remove particles under microns nor does the present boundary lubricant prevent particle generation. Little protection is offered against wear particles resulting in energy loss, oxidation, heat, viscosity loss, additive depletion, six times emissions output, 5% plus fuel loss, 18% loss of horse power, increased friction, chemical reactions, 70% higher component replacement. 4

5. Adhesion and Cohesion
Adhesion is the property of a lubricant that causes it too stick or adhere to the parts lubricated.
Cohesion is the property which holds a lubricant together and resist a breakdown of the lubricant under pressure.
Moving Surface
Adhesion
According to the Langmuir theory oil is composed of many layers of molecules under motion which in the perfect world separates moving surfaces. In the real world oil is quickly contaminated as a result of friction and heat.
Cohesion
Oil molecules
Oil molecules slide over each other 5

6. Relationship of Friction, Cohesion, Adhesion and Lubrication
Friction always consumes power and produces heat
Any fluid when placed between two surfaces tends to keep them apart and change sliding friction into fluid friction, thus they are said to be lubricated
The extent to which lubrication reduces the friction between two surfaces is governed by two factors: 1) The selection of the fluid which has the best proportion of cohesive & adhesive properties. 2) The amount of pressure between the two surfaces
To insure lubrication, the layer of fluid must be kept intact, the greater the pressure the more difficult this becomes

7. 3 Common Types of Wear as a Result of Friction
(3) SURFACE FATIGUE
(1) ABRASIVE WEAR
Stress Risers
Cutting away
Denting Affect
(2) ADHESION
1) Abrasive wear: Dr, Rabinowizz of MIT American Society of engineers bearing workshop in “70% of component replacements “loss of usefulness” is due to surface degradation” in hydraulic and lube systems”.
Particles act like cutting tools
Particles broken away from surface become harder that surface “work hardened”
Chain reaction of abrasive wear
Under present maintenance practice abrasive wear considered normal
Break the chain reaction of wear
Fluid Pump greatly affected
-greater leakage
-higher temperatures
-lower oil pump pressure
-reduced efficiency
2) Abrasive wear: Excessive load, low speed, and/or reductions and/or reductions in fluid viscosity can reduce the oil film thickness to a point where metal to metal contact occurs. The microscopic ridges are known as “aspirates” are “cold welded” together and particles are sheared off as surfaces move.
3) Surface fatigue: Bearing surfaces are subject to fatigue failure. 46% of bearing failure due to particles under 10 microns. What happens is that first the surface is dented by the bearing load-eventually the surface fails, produces a spall. Bearing replacement is required. This can be avoided by eliminating the damaging particles and protecting the surfaces against friction. Productive maintenance seeks to eliminate the cause, not manage the problem.
Weld Junctions
*High pressure pump
*Bearings
*Gears
*Rings & cylinders
*Valves
*Seals
Surface Roughness 7

8. Tribology Since the late 1960’s the field of Tribology – the study of
friction, wear and lubrication in fluid systems - has
developed sophisticated tests to gain much knowledge into
the effects of friction and ways to reduce friction in order
to reduce wear, heat and particle contamination.
The field of Tribology has developed the most sophisticated test to scientifically measure the effects of contamination in fluid systems in order to reduce friction, heat and energy. Today we can see the most damaging particles are under 5 micron, invisible to the eye. 8

9. The Problem
Thus far you have seen the effects of friction and the challenge facing
lubricants under pressure, heat and particle contamination
Friction and heat cause the destruction of asperities resulting in metal particles interrupting the oil film between two surfaces generating more particles
These particles react with moisture, impurities and lubricant additives creating corrosive acids that further pit the surface creating new asperities
These acids oxidize the lubricant, accelerate wear and rapidly deteriorate the functions of the lubricant resulting in the 3-common wears in the fluid system
As you can see, the historical problem with lubrication is its short life and inability to have a big affect on wear and friction.
PARTICLES UNDER 5µ CAUSE THE MOST COMPONENT DAMAGE
-Dr. E. Rabinowicz of M.I.T. (American Society Of Lubrication Engineers 1981) 9

10. 5 Functions of the Lubricant
Friction Reduction
Seal
Heat removal
Cleanse
Absorb Shock
Friction reduction: Maintain clean film between surfaces. Under present “normal” conditions, friction accounts for 64.4% energy loss % occurs in pistons, rings, crankshaft, piston connecting bearings, & lifters.
2. Sealing: goal is to fill in surface aspirates forming seals. Keep out combustion blow-by contaminants, maintain fluid system pressure and efficiency.
3. Heat removal: Removes heat generated by friction and high temperature surfaces. Remove heat generating particles. Maintain thermal stability of the oil. less component failure, higher efficient operating equipment.
4. Cleansing effect: Remove contaminants and trap them-water, particles, soot and acidic by-products thus maintaining the oils oxidative stability. Results in reducing the cost of owning and operating a fluid system.
5: Shock absorbing: Diffuse high pressure created from combustion to reduce engine wear and positively affect horsepower.
CLEAN LUBRICANT PERFORMS TWO MAJOR BENEFITS:
Maximize Performance: Optimum efficiency, less wear, less fuel, less friction, higher productivity.
2. Minimize Cost: up to 90% less oil purchased, up to 12% less fuel cost, 50% less downtime, 70% less component replacement, reduced labor and maintenance cost, reduced liability, higher safety and less pollution released into our living and breathing space. 10

11. Challenge of the Lubricant
A good lubricant must reduce particulate wear from the interaction of metal-metal contact
Even the best lubricants degrade over time, as a result of friction and chemical in the additive package reacting with particulate, moisture, heat and oxygen resulting in acidic properties
These acids react with the metal surface causing micro-pitting (asperities) and the vicious cycle begins anew
The very anti-wear additive package designed to protect metal-metal contact, turns acidic and become part of the problem

12. The Downfall of Lubricants
The typical downfall of a lubricant occurs as a result of an imperfect, temporary and sacrificial boundary layer between surfaces allowing asperity-asperity contact thus introducing particulate into the lube
Heat, moisture, air, and metal particulates combined with certain additives interact causing acids which micro pit the surfaces and oxidizes the oil
The efficiency & longevity of a lubricant dramatically increases as the asperity-asperity contact decreases
The goal is to reduce friction through a solid and permanent boundary layer on the surfaces

13. Boundary Additives
The intent of boundary additives are to form a boundary layer of molecules to prevent surface-surface contact
Additives in use are Graphite, Molybdenum, Zinc, Phosphorous, and Sulfur
Downside of these additives are their chemical reaction with metal and other contaminates such as moisture causing them to become acidic, corrosive and a part of the problem they are intended to solve
These additives are also highly toxic; such as Zinc that is linked to cancer and other illnesses
The field of Tribology over the years has researched for a solid boundary lubricant that is biodegradable and permanent.

14. The Present Condition of Friction
Loss of horsepower or power in hydraulics
Graduated loss of fuel economy
Frequent oil drains due to degradation
Component wear
Increased emissions
Rising maintenance cost
Rising labor cost
Half the words energy is lost to friction – DOE Even the best synthetics rely on sacrificial boundary anti-wear additives
Dept. Of Energy 14

15. 18% Decrease in Horsepower
“Wear promoted by particles (under 10µ) leads to diminished fuel efficiency,
reduced component life, oil service, and power output”
-Needelman, Filtration For Wear Control & Affects of Contamination
18% Decrease in Horsepower
Extending oil drains without friction protection
this engine dropped from 365 HP to 300HP
Cummins engine
Under present conditions OEM engine filters are 30 microns and Hydraulic System filters are 10 microns. The cause of the loss of power is friction induced wear from particles the same size as oil film clearance. 15

16. America's First National Laboratory
THE
DISCOVERY
Argonne National Laboratories is under the Department of Energy and managed by Chicago University. Every nuclear facility in the world carries the name Argonne. This lab is dedicated to reducing the worlds energy waste. 16

17. The “Big Bang” Discovery In Friction Reduction Technology
Following years of research in support of the US space program, a discovery in 1990 by scientist at the prestigious Argonne National Laboratory redefined the potential of lubrication technology
Argonne Website:

18. The Discovery
In 1991 the DOE patented boric acid as a solid boundary- layer lubricant. Developed by Dr. Erdemir, Boron CLS Bond was the result of years of research at the Argonne National Laboratories Tribology Department under the Department of Energy
Winner of the prestigious R&D 100 award
Holds a U.S. DOE Government patent #5,431,830
BORON CLS BOND has been tested worldwide under the harshest conditions with millions spent and producing the same consistent results every time
Written up in Journals of Tribology. Lubrication Engineers and many other publications as a self replenishing solid boundary lubricant

19. The Technology
Biodegradable Boric Acid is used to form a permanent solid boundary layer lubricant
on Metal Surfaces
NO additive in oil has the ability to form a
permanent solid boundary layer

20. BORIC ACID Step One: Boric Acid is Introduced METAL SUBSTRATE
A new permanent surface is about to be created

21. Step 2: Interaction between Boric Acid, moisture and the metallic substrate forms Boric Oxide
H2O
METAL SUBSTRATE
AIR
BORIC OXIDE
METAL SUBSTRATE

22. Step 3: Boric Oxide bonds to the metallic substrate and forms a solid surface barrier on the substrate preventing metal-to-metal contact.
METAL SUBSTRATE
BORIC OXIDE
Boric Acid
BORIC OXIDE
METAL SUBSTRATE
85% hardness of a diamond

23. BORIC OXIDE BORIC OXIDE
Step 4: Interaction between Boric Oxide and moisture reforms Boric Acid into crystalline platelets
METAL SUBSTRATE
BORIC ACID PLATELETS
BORIC OXIDE
BORIC OXIDE
METAL SUBSTRATE
An effective new technology protecting surfaces

24. Step 5: Crystalline Boric Acid Platelets Form Crystal Lattice Structure - CLS
Electron micro-
photograph of
boric acid Crystal
Lattice Structure
(15 micron field
Of view)
Like a deck of brand new playing cards sliding over each other

25. BORIC OXIDE BORIC OXIDE
Step 6: Boric Acid platelets align themselves parallel to the metal surface and conform to the direction of movement
METAL SUBSTRATE
BORIC OXIDE
BORIC OXIDE
METAL SUBSTRATE
“70% of component replacement is the result of surface degradation” –Dr. Rabinowitz, MIT at American Society of Engineers workshop

26. NO LUBRICANT CAN ACHIEVE THIS LOW COEFFICIENT
Virtually eliminates particle generation
EXTREME LOW FRICTION COEFFICIENT* LESS THAN 0.01% (80% REDUCTION IN FRICTION)
*The ratio of the force that maintains contact between
an object and a surface and the frictional force that resists the motion of the object.

27. BORIC OXIDE BORIC OXIDE
Step 7: Weak van-der-Waals forces* between the crytalline layers allows very low friction movement between layers
METAL SUBSTRATE
Weak inter- platelet bonds
BORIC OXIDE
BORIC OXIDE
METAL SUBSTRATE
*A weak attractive force between atoms or nonpolar molecules

28. Resists High Pressure
LOAD
EXTREME PRESSURE PERFORMANCE

29. Extreme hardness of crystalline structures prevents metal-to-metal contact when load is applied
METAL SUBSTRATE
BORIC OXIDE
BORIC OXIDE
METAL SUBSTRATE

30. Step 8: Self-renewing cycle: Interaction between Boric Acid, Boric Oxide, Air and Moisture leads to self-replenishing cycle.
BORIC ACID
AIR + MOISTURE
MOISTURE
BORIC OXIDE

31. Lubrication Performance
Friction Coefficient Less Than 0.01
Timken Load Greater Than 90+
Reduces wear up to 90%
Reduces Friction up to 80%
Increases Engine Efficiency 5-7%+
Increases Fuel Efficiency 2-12%+
Reduces Friction Heat 40-50%
Coefficient less that 0.01 = 80% less friction
Timken Load test highest rating is 90. Most greases rated at 60 and fail at We outperformed the test!
Engine efficiency translates to increased horse power (Test performed at Disney Florida on Detroit Diesel Engine showed an increase of horse power from 219 to 264 in 7 days)
Fuel efficiency is increased as a result of less energy to move the object
Reducing heat is vital to delay the oxidation process and another reason oil drains are safely extended 31

32. Added Values Biostat Anti-Corrosive Anti-Oxidant Reactive Coating
Water Resistant
Displaces carbon, varnish and sludge previously built up in Engine/machinery
Prevents deposit formation in new engines
Biodegradable and the Hydraulic and Engine oil is 90% biodegradable with no toxic additives. The 10% difference is the polymers used for viscosity.
Corrosion is a major problem eliminated
Anti-Oxidant and reactive coating, does not react with moisture or metal to oxidize the fluid
In older engines carbon and varnish build up. The Boron will displace it.
Protects fluid systems against any buildup 32

33. TEST RESULTS
Millions in research and testing support every claim for this US Goverment patent technology. Nothing in the marketplace is comparable. This is not an additive, rather a treatment for metal surfaces. Lets look at a handful of test since documentation available is insurmountable.
Visit test results at 33

34. Partial Test List Pin on disk Ball on three disk Friction Coefficient
HFRR
Engine test:
Fuel consumption, emissions, horsepower
Scar width
Spectrographic analysis
Timken load
Corrosion
Oxidation
Prevention & protection from deposit formation
… And more
A handful of sophisticated test measuring the results you can expect when treating your fluid systems with Boron CLS Bond. 34

35. Engine Oil Treatment Test Test performed at BNM Research, Sweden in March 2002
Test indicated a 5% reduction in fuel consumption. Long term
benefits are reduced wear due to reduced friction
Significant reduction of metal residue in drain oil
Significant reduction of corrosion

36. Diesel Fuel Treatment Test Test performed at BNM Research, Sweden in March 2002
Results indicate a >5% increase in fuel economy
Long term reduced wear, due to reduced friction
Lower emissions (HC)
The diesel treatment is 1000 to 1 dilution and you can expect significant better fuel mileage (Show Hummer results) 36

37. Pin On Disk Test With diesel fuel treatment, grease, gear/engine
treatment combined with different ceramic compounds
Low sulfur diesel fuel
without Boron CLS Bond
Low sulfur diesel fuel with
Boron CLS Bond Treatment
Maintains fuel system free from buildup 37

38. Corrosion Standard comparative corrosion test using metal
in a corrosive environment
A test done in Germany applied the Lubrisilk grease on one metal bar and no treatment on the other and placed in salt water for 30 days. The treated bar had NO corrosion and the untreated bar was corroded. Halliburton uses the Boron grease under water since it does not leak and prevents corrosion resulting in significant savings and downtime.
Boron CLS Bond resists corrosion even in salt water 38

39. Solvency Test Pennzoil Pennzoil & Motor Silk Test coupons immersed in
beakers for 4-days alternately
heating 100C, lightly
stirring with coupon, cooling
& repeating.
Motor Silk sample displaced a
greater portion of the carbon
deposits leaving more visible
metal with a slight varnish
coating. Overall carbon thickness
reduced within 4-days.
In only 4 days carbon lifted. Older engines restored to fuel efficiency and power. A very inexpensive “rebuild”.
Pennzoil
Pennzoil & Motor Silk 39

40. The most Advanced Friction Reduction Technology Available
Argonne Tribology Labs has contributed the greatest
development in lubrication and friction reduction
technology available today. Taking advantage of the
Boron CLS Bond technology for your fluid system
will have the greatest impact for you financially,
mechanically, and environmentally.
You now know of the most advanced technology developed not by a company bit the US government for the space program and military. 40

41. Fluid Treatments to Custom Formulations
We have a whole line of formulations and always developing new formulations to meet specific needs
Motor Silk for engines is a 10-1 dilution so 16 ounces treats 5 quarts and is a one time treatment 41

42. Some Companies Already Using
Allied Signal Bartell Yachts Bimba Corporation Boeing Aerospace & Aircraft Robert Bosch Chem Tool Enron Wind General Petroleum Haliburton Corporation Henkel Chemical Hitachi Refrigeration Florida Light and Power
Ford Motor Company
Fujikoshi Husqvarna Idemetsu Kaiman Aerospace Marine Industries Matsushita Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Mitsubishi Metals Mitsui Mabuchi Motors Navistar Neste/Fortum Oil Nihon Chemical Kogyo Nihon Victor Oil
Disney Florida
Plus Many More World Wide

43. The Proactive Maintenance Consultants
Evergreen America Corporation Proactive Maintenance Engineering
Thank you for your time investigating the most
advanced fluid system protection available anywhere
in the world
The Proactive Maintenance
Consultants
Visit for more technical info.

44. NO RISK INVOLVED Equipment Inventory Data
Cost Analysis (ROI within 2 weeks to 2 months)
Integrate on a monthly basis
Savings from present maintenance budget invested into a permanent solution
Money Back Guarantee (pay for itself or money back)
In-House Performance Evaluation
We work with you every step of the way
Obtain information on all equipment in order to suggest products
Obtain required info on equipment for cost analysis
Work out a monthly budget to integrate the technology
Use savings for a permanent solution
If an in house performance evaluation is requested then we need equipment with an oil trend analysis and accurate fuel records. Pick out 5 vehicles or equipment, and use our Lab – Analysis Inc, a leader in the field of oil analysis. They will incur all cost for oil analysis and product used for the evaluation. The evaluation is for six weeks and requires particle analysis. We will be there for oil samples and in communication for the entire evaluation. Who will be in charge of the evaluation? What scientific method will they employ for fuel efficiency? 44