1. 3.

2. Homework
Finish questions on the lab paper
TEST on TUESDAY!

5. Good Afternoon! FIND YOUR NEW SEAT! Warm Up: Today:
Describe a hydration shell.
Explain why a molecule lacking a charge would not mix with water.
What types of substances are acids? What type of substances are bases?
What type of bond holds the hydrogen to the oxygen on one water molecule?
Today:
TEST
Articles

6. Hydration Shell

7. Draw one water molecule and label. Draw one micelle and label
Draw one water molecule and label. Draw one micelle and label. Use terms: hydrophobic, hydrophilic, amphipathic

8. 7th Lab Groups
1: Tahjae, Joshua, Sela, Tabatha, Sudie 2: Damani, Michaela, NiaJa, Kaitlyn 3: Sydney, Jenna, Malcolm, Carrie, Lailah 4: Shelby, Madison, Emily, Christopher 5: Sarah, Mickiya, Elisha, Devon 6: Julien, Desiree, Megan, Shantel 7: Darian, Hailey, Alexis, Kayla T.

9. 5th Lab Groups
1: Trystan, Ivan, Rhiannon, Sydney 2: Kylie, Matthew, Patrick, Brandon , Christopher 3: Logan, Taylor, Adrian, Hailey, Derek 4: Lacey, Alexandria, Jasmine, Carter T. 5: Caleb, Maurice, Taiquan, Nathan, Daniele 6: Carter H., Shanice, Jaylyn, Emil, Kacine 7: Rebecca, Rashel, Damon, Sheyanne

10. Good Afternoon You will need your book today.
Place homework on your desk.
Acid/Base worksheet
Internet assignment
Please answer the following questions in your notebook:
Why is water a “polar” molecule?
Distinguish between an acid and a base.
We know that pure water is supposed to have a ph of 7. Why is water sometimes a little more acidic or basic than that?

11. Warm Up Questions Why is water a “polar” molecule?
Distinguish between an acid and a base.
We know that pure water is supposed to have a ph of 7. Why is water sometimes a little more acidic or basic than that?

12. Good Afternoon! Warm Up: List as many facts about water as you can!
Pass forward your lab reports. I’ll collect them after the bell. If you still have questions we will talk after the notes. 
Today:
Properties of Water notes
Video (5 minutes)
Class work

13. Properties of Water

14. H H O
Water

15. About 2/3 of the mass of a cell is made up of water, and most of the biochemical processes of life occur in water solutions.

16. - the substance that does the dissolving. (liquid)
Solvent
- the substance that does the dissolving. (liquid)
Solute
- the substance that is dissolved. (solid)
A large number of substances will dissolve in water.
Water is the Universal Solvent

17. Property
Description
Picture
Universal Solvent
A large number of substances will dissolve in water

18. One side of a water molecule is slightly negative (-) and the other side is slightly positive (+).
Polar Molecule

19. Property
Description
Picture
Polar Molecule
Hydrogens are slightly positive and oxygen is slightly negative

20. Like a magnet, the positive end of one water molecule forms a bond between the negative end of another water molecule
Hydrogen Bonds

21. Covalent bonding vs. Hydrogen bonding

23. Property Description Picture
Hydrogen Bonds
Bond formed from the negative end of one water molecule and the positive end of another
Covalent bond- holds the oxygen to the hydrogen within the water molecule

24. Water molecules stick to each other
example: This is the reason why water is found in drops; perfect spheres.
Cohesion

25. Water molecules stick to other surfaces
(water sticking to a spider web)
Adhesion

26. Property Description Picture
Cohesion
Adhesion
Water sticking to itself
Air
Water sticking to other surfaces
Car Surface

27. Water has the ability to “climb” structures (as in water climbing a glass tube or inside a tree)
Capillary Action

28. Property
Description
Picture
Capillary Action
Water has the ability to climb structures (trees, straw)

29. water has the ability to support small objects
water has the ability to support small objects.  The hydrogen bonds between neighboring molecules cause a “film” to develop at the surface
Organisms like the water strider can be seen taking advantage of this property.
Surface Tension

30. Property Description Picture
Surface Tension
The hydrogen bonds between water molecules cause a “film” to develop at the surface

31. Water is able to absorb a large amount of heat energy before it changes temperature.
Talk about difference in temperature between VA beach and SMS
High Specific Heat

32. Large bodies of water can affect the climate.
- As a result, lakes and oceans stabilize air and land temperatures.

33. Property
Description
Picture
Resistance to Temperature Change
Water can absorb large amounts of heat energy before changing temperature

34. For most substances, solids are more dense than liquids
For most substances, solids are more dense than liquids. But the special properties of water make it less dense as a solid - ice floats on water!
Solid Expansion

35. When water freezes, the water molecules line up and move farther apart !

36. Which is ice and which is water?1

37. Property Description Picture
Solid Expansion
Ice floats because as water freezes the molecules line up and move farther apart.
Ice = less dense than liquid water

38. WHY Water is important to cells:
POLAR
DISSOLVE
1. It’s __________ so it can ____________ lots of different substances.
2. It can _________ lots of ______
_______________________________ very much (That helps with _________________)
3. ____________________ form between water
molecules so they stick together.
4.Water is an important ___________________
in many CHEMICAL REACTIONS.
absorb
HEAT
WITHOUT changing temperature
HOMEOSTASIS
HYDROGEN BONDS
REACTANT/PRODUCT

39. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.

40. So what is the pH of water?
HOH
A little bit
Acidic
A little bit
Basic
= Neutral

41. Acids vs. Bases ACIDS BASES pH < 7 pH > 7
Sour taste taste bitter
Lots of H+ lots of OH-

42. Water
Acid gets stronger as number decreases
Base gets stronger as number increases

43. Buffers Chemicals that neutralize small amounts of acids or bases
Controls pH which is important to maintaining homeostasis
Minimizes shifts in pH
Normal pH in humans is 6.5 – 7.5

46. Importance of Water to the Human Body

47. Why Is Water So Important?
Water is the most abundant substance in the body
Average healthy adult is 45–75% water depending on:
Age
Percent of water declines with age
Composition of fat and muscle
Muscle is ~65% water
Fat is 10–40% water
Gender

48. Functions of Water in the Body
Polarity allows it to attract charged particles in solutions and dissolve a variety of other polar substances:
Important to digestion
Helps transport dissolved nutrients and other substances throughout the body
Blood is composed of water and red blood cells
Water allows blood to transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells
Water helps transport waste products away from cells to be excreted
Lubricates joints, sensitive eye tissues, mouth, and intestinal tract
Provides a protective cushion, bathing certain organs with fluid
Provides a structural component to cells

49. Functions of Water in the Body
Water is essential for most chemical reactions in the body (metabolism):
During digestion water hydrolyzes the bonds holding together
Carbohydrate molecules
Protein molecules
Fat molecules
Water is formed when new materials are synthesized through the combination of smaller molecules. (condensation reaction)

50. Maintaining Water Balance
Fluid homeostasis
Is necessary for normal reactions within the cells
Is maintained by adaptation to changes in water intake and water loss
Water balance
Amount consumed = Amount excreted
Figure 11.4

51. Sources of Body Water
Largest source comes from beverages
Food is an additional source
Except for fats, all food contains some water
Metabolic water – water generated during metabolism
These sources contribute to an average daily intake of 2,550 ml (about 2 quarts)

52. Water Balance between Fluid Compartments
Body fluid is located:
Intracellular – within the cells
Extracellular – outside the cells
Intravascular- fluid inside blood vessels
Interstitial- fluid between cells
Figure 11.5

55. WHAT IS MEANT HYDROPHOBICITY ?
Some of the common natural Hydrophobic materials are waxes, oil and fats.
The evaluation of hydrophobicity is made through water contact angle measurements.
A water droplet would be spherical so the water contact angle will be significantly high.

56. SUPER HYDROPHOBIC COATING
The process of coating the surface of a material with hydrophobic property material in order to avoid sticking of liquids on that surface.
This is absolutely unique way of coating unlike conventional which shrink continuously during drying to produce low porosity films.
Super hydrophobic technology makes water bounce, it stops it, rolls it off the surface.

57. WHAT IS MEANT HYDROPHILICITY ?
Hydrophilicity, also comes from the Greek word Hydro (water) and Philicity (friendship) it refers to a physical property of a material that can transiently bond with water (H2O) through hydrogen bonding. Furthermore it allows the liquid to enter the pores of a material and totally wet it.
Almost all natural materials are hydrophilic in nature.
The evaluation of hydrophilicity is made through water contact angle measurements. A water droplet would occupy as long surface of the hydrophilic material as possible. So the water contact angle will be significantly low.

58. Continued….
Glucose molecules have polar hydroxyl(OH) groups in them and these attract the water to them. When sugar is in a crystal the molecules are attracted to the water and go into solution.
Once in solution the molecules stay in solution at least in part because they become surrounded by water molecules. This layer of water molecules surrounding another molecule is called a hydration shell.

60. How does water dissolve molecules?
This is why sweet tea doesn’t taste gritty. 

62. Good Afternoon!
You will need a sheet of paper and a pen/pencil for your warm up.
You have a water quiz today!

72. Good Morning Lab is postponed until tomorrow.  Today: pH worksheet
Water Dissociation packet

73. Good Afternoon!
Warm Up: Begin writing these questions and your answers in your notebook as soon as you are seated.
Why is water considered a “polar” molecule?
Differentiate between cohesion and adhesion.
Capillary action is made possible by what other two properties of water?
Define hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
Would table salt be considered hydrophobic?
Today:
Notes x 2! (We need to play catch up.)
Video
class work

74. HOH What is the pH of water? A little bit Acidic A little bit Basic
= Neutral
The attraction between water molecules is so strong that sometimes a water molecule is ripped apart. Certain other molecules or chemicals can also donate H+ or OH- to water. Result = change in pH

75. What is an acid? a solution that has an excess of H+ ions.
It comes from the Latin word acidus that means "sharp" or "sour".
The more H + ions, the more acidic the solution.

76. What is a base? a solution that has an excess of OH- ions.
Another word for base is alkali.
Bitter taste
Bases are substances that can accept hydrogen ions.
Lots of –OH (hydroxide)

77. The pH Scale Each pH unit is 10 times as large as the previous one
A change of 2 pH units means 100 times more basic or acidic
x10
x100

78. The pH Scale Careful measurement is important
A mistake of one pH unit means 10 times too much or too little!
x10
x100

79. Why is pH important? Fish can’t live if the pH is too high or too low
Soil has to be in a certain pH range for plants to grow and stay healthy.

80. Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic Molecules
polar (charged)
Can bond with and dissolve into water
Hydrophobic:
Nonpolar (uncharged)
Cannot bond with or dissolve into water

81. Soap works because it is has hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends…it is amphipathic.

83. Homework Read pages 26-29 in your book for clarification
Quiz Wednesday
Two days of notes
Table
Human body
Notes from today
WS we went over today
Review WS you’re doing now

84. Homework Read pages 26-29 in your textbook before next class.
Study your notes
QUIZ next class