1. Angela Brown Chapter 19 Section 1
The New Frontier
Angela Brown
Chapter 19 Section 1

2. Learning Targets: Describe the election of 1960 and its outcome.
Summarize Kennedy’s domestic Programs.
Explain Americans’ reaction to President Kennedy’s assassination

3. The Election of 1960
Sept 1960 First televised Presidential debate Nixon vs. Kennedy

4. Kennedy Kennedy Massachusetts, Democrat
Served in the U.S. House and Senate
43 years old – Roman Catholic
Questioned: old enough and experienced to be President
Many thought a Roman Catholic could not be elected President .

5. Kennedy
Promised to spur sluggish economy – time to “Get America Moving Again
Kennedy won close election 303 to 219 electoral votes but only 120,000 popular votes.

6. Kennedy
Kennedy was youngest ever elected but TR held office at a younger age when McKinley assassinated.

7. Kennedy
Mandate - a set of wishes expressed to a candidate by his or her voters
Without a strong mandate Kennedy would have a difficult time pushing controversial measures through Congress.

8. Inauguration
Inaugural Address: “Ask what you can do for your country” speech

9. Kennedy
Young wife, Jacqueline, full of idealism and youth = nicknamed “Camelot” after 1960 Broadway musical
“King Arthur dreamed of transforming country into one where power would be used to achieve right” rather than using might

11. Kennedy’s Domestic Programs
Early speech stated nation poised at edge of New Frontier.
Name stuck, used to describe Kennedy’s proposals to improve the economy, give aid to the poor, and breathe new life into the space program.

12. The Economy Business leaders suspicious of JFK’s plans.
1962 U.S. steel company raised price $6 a ton - other firms did same
JFK called increase unjustifiable – ordered Federal Investigation into price fixing

13. Economy
U.S. steel and others backed down – Business leaders angry – stock market fell steepest since 1929
1963 JFK proposed cutting taxes - $13.5 billion over three years
Bottled up in Congress – no hope of passing

14. Combating Poverty and Inequality
Hoped to help poor by stimulating economy
1962 Micheal Harrington book, The Other America stated 1/5 U.S. below poverty line
Kennedy began to believe direct aid was necessary.
Kennedy rarely succeeded in getting legislation through Congress – plans for ed., medical care, and elderly failed

15. 24th Amendment
He was able to raise minimum wage and pass Housing Act 1961 = $4.9 billion for urban renewal
Congress also approved 24th Amendment – outlawed Poll tax

16. The Space Program
Government agencies and industries worked with NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Agency, to put a manned spacecraft in orbit around Earth .
1959 Mercury Program trained seven test pilots.

17. Government spending and future of NASA uncertain when Kennedy task force recommended NASA concentrate on missions without human crews.
April 1961 USSR announced Yuri Gagarin first human to travel in space circled Earth on board Soviet Craft Vostok - once again Americans feared falling behind

18. Space Program
23 days later Alan Shepard made a 15 – minute suborbital flight
altitude 115 miles
convinced JFK to move forward

19. John Glenn
May 25th JFK boldly challenge nation to land a man on moon before end of decade.
1962 John Glenn completed three orbits around Earth.

20. On February 20, 1962, Glenn piloted the Mercury-Atlas 6 "Friendship 7" spacecraft on the first manned orbital mission of the United States.
Launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, he completed a successful three-orbit mission around the earth, reaching a maximum altitude (apogee) of approximately 162 statute miles and an orbital velocity of approximately 17,500 miles per hour.
Glenn's "Friendship 7" Mercury spacecraft landed approximately 800 miles southeast of KSC in the vicinity of Grand Turk Island.
Mission duration from launch to impact was 4 hours, 55 minutes, and 23 seconds.

22. Neil Armstrong
July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong became the first person to set foot on the moon.

23. Neil Armstrong http://www.nndb.com/people/488/000022422/

24. Kennedy Assassination
November 22, 1963 campaign in Dallas, Texas with Governor John Connally in open limousine
President Kennedy and John Connolly shot
President Kennedy pronounced dead at hospital – nation shattered

25. Kennedy Assassination

28. Oswald Chief Justice Earl Warren formed commission to investigate.
Lee Harvey Oswald, former marine and supporter of Fidel Castro, prime suspect

29. Lee Harvey Oswald

30. Ruby
Transfer from one jail to another Nov. 24th – killed by Jack Ruby, Dallas nightclub owner
Warren Commission declared Oswald had worked alone

31. Johnson
Many believed in a larger Conspiracy – Oswald killed to protect others
Lyndon B. Johnson took Presidential Oath on board Air Force One ninety minutes after Kennedy’s death.

32. Swearing in

33. 1991 movie by Oliver Stone – JFK stressed conspiracy theory and confused facts and myths in minds of many Americans.

34. Who’s to blame??? Johnson believed larger plot by Castro.
Others believed Soviets, mob, CIA, even Johnson himself
U.S. planes in air – Government did not know what was to come – other targets possible invasion

35. Conspiracy
For many Americans Oswald was not significant enough to warrant the tremendous damage of losing Kennedy.
Nazi’s greatest Evil government = Greatest tragedy in the persecution of the Jews in WWII
Scales do not balance
Americans seek to balance the scales.

36. Exit Slip:
One obstacle Kennedy faced in his quest for the presidency was his…
Compare JFK’s handling of business interests such as U.S. Steel with TR’s handling of trusts.
During the 1960s presidential Campaign, JFK promised to…
The Warren Commission declared that Kennedy’s assassination was the work of a …