1. Intro to Probability and Statistics
i.e…“The stuff from the first bit of your book that you need to know right now.”
Data is information that is collected.
Qualitative (attribute) data refers to non – numerical data.

2. Quantitative (numerical) data represents numerical observations
Quantitative (numerical) data represents numerical observations. It falls into two classes:
Data that is counted is called discrete.
Data that is measured is called continuous.

3. Descriptive statistics describes data that has been collected.
2016 US Presidential Election electoral results (by state)
(2012)
Hillary Clinton (48.1% popular, 43% electoral)
Donald Trump (46.6% popular, 57% electoral)

4. Descriptive statistics describes data that has been collected.
2016 US Presidential Election electoral results (by state, weighted by population)
Wyoming – 600,000
Delaware – 900,000
Hillary Clinton (48.1% popular, 43% electoral)
Donald Trump (46.6% popular, 57% electoral)

5. Descriptive statistics describes data that has been collected.
2016 US Presidential Election electoral results (by state, weighted by number of electoral votes)

6. Inferential statistics makes predictions, based on a random sample taken from a population.

7. Inferential statistics makes predictions, based on a random sample taken from a population.
To approximate a parameter (a measure of a population) we measure a statistic (the related characteristic of a sample) with its corresponding margin of error.

11. How should we present our data?
A company hires a statistician who samples 20 employees randomly, and records how many products each produces in one week: 10 16 19 30 17 35 29 15 18 21 20 26 14 28 39

12. 10 16 19 30 17 35 29 15 18 21 20 26 14 28 39 Frequency Distribution
Left column
possible data values
Broken into equally
spaced classes
Right column
frequency of
occurrence of
classes 10 16 19 30 17 35 29 15 18 21 20 26 14 28 39

13. Visual Displays of Information (an introduction)
II. Frequency Histogram
A picture of the
frequency distribution

16. https://priceonomics.com/the-mythology-of-dog-years/

19. Visual Displays of Information (an introduction)
Other Types of “Histogrammy” Displays
Pareto Diagram (or Pareto Chart)
“finger”
“refused”
“dedicated”

20. My father was slaughtered by a six fingered man
My father was slaughtered by a six fingered man. He was a great sword maker, my father. When the six fingered man appeared and requested a special sword, my father took the job. He slaved a year before it was done. The six fingered man returned and demanded it, but at one tenth his promised price. My father refused. Without a word, the six fingered man slashed him through the heart. I loved my father. So naturally, I challenged his murderer to a duel. I failed. The six fingered man left me alive, but he gave me these. I was eleven years old, and when I was strong enough, I dedicated my life to the study of fencing. So the next time we meet, I will not fail. I will go up to the six fingered man and say, "Hello. My name is Inigo Montoya. You killed my father. Prepare to die."

21. Visual Displays of Information (an introduction)
Other Types of “Histogrammy” Displays
Pareto Diagram (or Chart)
Stem and Leaf Plot (Stem Plot)
Dot Plot
Others?
mashups… when’s your birthday?

27. One million dollars (100 of the previous packets)

28. One billion dollars (plus a $46.7 million couch)

30. If you spent $1 million every day since the birth of Jesus, you still wouldn’t have spent this much money.

31. If the national debt were laid in a single line of $1 bills, it would stretch from Earth, past Uranus.
"It is incumbent on every generation to pay its own debts as it goes. A principle which if acted on would save one-half the wars of the world." - Thomas Jefferson

36. Chris Jordan: Skull With Cigarette, 2007
...based on a painting by Van Gogh...
200,000 packs of cigarettes, equal to the number of Americans who die from cigarette smoking every six months.

37. Visual Displays of Information (an introduction)
One Last Thing...
How many keys do you have with you today?
(I’ll bring a histogram next time)
Homework for Intro To Probability and Statistics