0. Where next for infrastructure and vehicles
Where next for infrastructure and vehicles? Autonomous transport and casualty reduction Road Safety Behaviour Symposium Coventry 14 – 15 March 2017
Pete Thomas
Professor of Road and Vehicle Safety
Safe and Smart Mobility Research Cluster

1. Loughborough University research areas
Accident Analysis and vehicle safety
Human Factors and driving trials
Intelligent Mobility
Digital Engineering and Test Centre
Big data analysis and visualisation
Autonomous vehicles
Multi-modal
Real-world traffic analysis and use-cases
Alternative Fuels
Transport Impacts

2. Presentation
Connected and automated mobility technologies are fast arriving – how can we get the best safety value?
What are the problems we should avoid?
What are the implications for road user behaviour?

3. Future mobility Complete safety Achieve vision zero
The way forward for casualty reduction
Crashes will be obsolete
Fernando Livschitz of Black Sheep Films 

4. National mobility priorities
Andrew Jones,
Road Safety Minister.
Dec 2015
Road safety is a matter of national importance…..The government is committed to investing in national road safety.
Human error is reported to be a factor in 94% of road collisions, so driverless cars have huge potential to improve road safety
KPMG report to SMMT – 2,500 deaths and 25,000 serious injuries prevented between
…………………………but how will this happen?

5. Existing safety priorities
Urban safety technologies to prevent pedestrian, car occupant, PTW and cyclist crashes
Rural roads – car occupants and PTW riders
Improving M’way safety, while valuable, does not address the most common groups of casualties.

6. ERTRAC technology deployment roadmap
Highway technologies
Parking technologies
European Road Transport Research Advisory Council

7. Crash avoidance technologies
Anti-lock braking
Electronic stability control
Autonomous Emergency braking (City, inter-urban)
Lane keeping/change
…….
ESC – 17% reduction in accidents
ABS – 2% reduction in accidents
AEB city – 38% reduction in relevant accidents

8. Increasing automation
Urban mobility
Low speed, high automation
Cyber cars
Automated buses
Private vehicles
Higher speeds, progressively higher automation
Based on existing technologies (ABS, ESC, LDW, LKA, FCW, ACC etc.)
Renault 

9. Growing the driverless fleet
Today
High penetration of driverless vehicles Level 4
Driverless vehicles sometimes human driven
Highly managed mobility
Mature technologies
Increasing penetration of ADAS
Level 1 – 4 vehicles
Some driving conditions
Less experienced road users
Improving technologies
Fleet penetration
Conventional technologies
Regular drivers 0%

10. Automation today and tomorrow
Electronic stability control
Emergency braking systems
Autonomous emergency braking
Including VRU detection
Lane support systems
Blind spot detection
Intelligent Speed adaptation
Individual systems already effective
Intervening when humans are unable
Tomorrow
Emergency steering
Cooperative systems
Intersection management
VRU detection
Vehicles integrated with traffic management
AV as part of integrated and managed mobility provision
Complete door to door journeys mean
No speeding crashes
No alcohol crashes
No risky driving
No fatigue
No distraction
…………………….amongst users of AV

11. Monitoring deployment
How can we monitor their introduction properly to inform further development?
Measuring accident reductions when vehicles are equipped with new systems
Measuring how systems perform in normal use
What is the real-world safety benefit of autonomous systems?
What levels of automation give us the greatest societal benefit?
Impact on
Safety
Mobility
Environment

12. What are the limitations of new systems ?
How do they compare to the human?
There are currently 1 deaths per 280 million vehicle km in GB, 1 serious injury for every 19 million km and 1 minor crash every 1.4 million km
Human drivers are very safe – how do automatic systems compare?

13. Reducing existing risks
What is safety?
Reducing existing risks
Use of new technologies to reduce existing road risks
Avoiding new risks
Avoiding the introduction of new risks from ADAS and automated vehicle systems

14. Potential introduced risks
Transfer of control
Situational awareness
‘limp to safety mode’
Interactions with other road users
System resilience to unanticipated behaviour
Progressive de-skilling of drivers
Limitations of functionality
Validation and verification

15. Other human factors challenges
How are CAV systems used in real driving?
How do we maximise consumer acceptance of automated systems?
What are the implications for driver training and rules of the road?
How do we design AV systems that are supportive for all road users?
How can we design systems that compensate for human limitations and do not introduce new risks?

16. Takeaway thoughts
Prioritisation of automation technologies to reduce existing road risks
Improve our understanding of human factors relating to driverless technologies
Evaluate technologies that provide greatest benefit
Monitor the roll-out of ADAS and autonomous systems to measure the real- world effect
Actively promote the safest mobility environment

17. Short course – road safety management
Loughborough
11 – 12 April 2017
Safe system approach to road safety
Links
Programme
Register

18. Pete Thomas
Professor of Road and Vehicle Safety
Safe and Smart Mobility Research Cluster
Loughborough University
Leicestershire
LE11 3TU
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)