1. Aerobic Respiration Why Cellular Respiration Glycolysis Steps
Net Reaction
Pyruvate Oxidation
Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain
The Role of O2
Proton Gradient and Chemiosmosis
ATP Synthase
Uncoupling the ETC

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3. Aerobic Respiration – With O2

4. What’s the goal of cellular respiration?
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Goal is make  Energy (ATP)
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP

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6. Glycolysis Unfortunately there is a little more detail than that!
Consists of 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions which change the 6-carbon glucose into two 3 carbon pyruvate molecules
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Has two phases:
1) Energy Investment Phase 2)

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9. The Steps, here’s where it gets complicated!!
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11. Step 3

12. Step 4

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14. So Far We’ve had 5 steps which have taken us from + 2 ATP  2 X
We have

15. Note – Since Two G3P’s were produced in Step 5, everything shown is now doubled

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17. Step 8

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Step 9

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20. Net Reaction
Glucose + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+  pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+

21. The energy that is stored by the synthesis of two moles of ATP is 62 kJ
The glycolysis energy conversion efficiency (per mole glucose processed)

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23. Mitochondria In Eukaryotes - ................................
In Prokaryotes - cytoplasm

24. Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation
Two pyruvate molecules are transported through the two membranes and into the mitochondrial matrix
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26. (Krebs Cycle, Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle)
Citric Acid Cycle
Stage 3
(Krebs Cycle, Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle)

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29. Krebs Cycle Animation See how animations are embedded into the slides  The Krebs Cycle Video See how videos are embedded into the slides 

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31. To Do
In your textbook please find the actual breakdown of the Citric Acid cycle and write ALL of the steps into your notes (you don’t have to include enzymes)
Include diagrams of the molecules involved
Include

32. What have we made so far from our single molecule of Glucose?
Process
Energy Carrier Created
ATP
NADH
FADH2 H+
Glycolysis 2
Pyruvate Oxidation
1 X 2 = 2
Citric Acid Cycle
3 X 2 = 6
Total 4 10

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34. We now need to extract the energy from our electron carriers (NADH and FADH2).
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35. The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
The electron transport chain is comprised of a system of components on the inner mitochondrial membrane
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It consists of four

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37. Oxygen’s Role
The
Oxygen goes to the mitochondria to perform the single vital task of pulling electrons away from complex IV.
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38. Each component on the ETC is more electronegative than the preceding carrier in the chain.
This allows the electrons to be moved along
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40. As a result of proton pumping across the inner membrane, ..........................
This difference in H+ concentration is called a ______________

41. Proton Gradient
When one side of the inner mitochondrial membrane has more protons than the other side, the difference represents a source of energy that can be harnessed to do work.

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43. Chemiosmosis ______________
H+ move across the inner mitochondria membrane and

44. ATP Synthase: A Molecular Motor
ATP synthase is a structure that spans the inner mitochondrial membrane
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ATP is created from ADP + Pi

45. Uncoupling Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis
When electron transport and ATP synthesis are uncoupled, the energy that is released during electron transport is not converted to ATP energy. Instead, it is released as
Uncoupling proteins, when present, are in the inner mitochondrial membrane and give protons an alternative pathway to re-enter the matrix—____________

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47. Uncoupling electron transport causes free energy that would be used to generate ATP ____________
This is useful for:
hibernating mammals, some