1. Next Review Session is: @ :15
Date: June 1st, period 1
Aim # 84: What are the structures and functions of the human respiratory system?
HW:
Test Friday 6/2 (Regents MC!)
RRB pages due Friday
Castle Learning (QUIZ #5) due next MONDAY
Do Now:
Next Review Session is: @ :15

2. 1. Human respiratory system

3. 2. What’s going on when we breathe?
Gas exchange
Take in oxygen (needed for cellular respiration)
Release carbon dioxide (waste product)

4. 3. Respiration involves…
Breathing: bringing gas from outside to inside lungs
Diffusion: gas moves through lungs into bloodstream and vice versa
Cellular respiration: ATP production at the mitochondria

5. 4. Aerobic respiration
requires oxygen
Example: plants and animals

6. 5. Diaphragm Muscle that separates lungs from abdominal cavity
Controls movement of air into and out of lungs

7. 6. Inhalation
Diaphragm is pulled downward and air rushes into lungs

8. 7. Exhalation
Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward and air is squeezed out of lungs

10. 8. Cilia:
Hair-like projections that prevent particles from entering lungs

11. 9. What makes a good respiratory surface?
Thin
Moist
In contact with oxygen in the surrounding environment
In contact with transport system

12. 10. Nasal passages Filter, moisten, and warm air Hairs
Mucous membrane with cilia
Surrounded by capillaries

13. 11. Pharynx: throat
12. Larynx:
voice box

14. 13. Trachea: Windpipe Kept open by rings of cartilage
Ciliated mucous membrane

15. 14. Bronchi
Two cartilage-ringed tubes
Lined with ciliated cells

16. 15. Bronchioles
Groups of tiny tubes with less and less cartilage

17. 16. Alveoli: respiratory surface… where gas exchange takes place

18. 17. Alveoli have a large surface area!
Our lungs contain about 300 million alveoli
Total surface area = 70 square meters
40 times greater than the surface area of our skin!

19. 18. Take a deep breath…
Describe to me the pathway that air takes into and out of our lungs…
Nasal passage  pharynx  larynx  trachea  bronchi  bronchioles  alveoli

20. Brain Pop: Respiratory System

21. 19. What smoking can do…

22. No Smoking…
Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death in the United States
Approximately 80% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18.
Every day, nearly 5,000 young people
under the age of 18 try their first cigarette.
Smoking kills more Americans each
year than alcohol, cocaine, crack,
heroin, suicide, car accidents, fires
and AIDS combined

23. 20. Lung cancer
Tumors form in lungs because of irregular and uncontrolled cell division (mitosis)
Normal human cells change into cancer cells when exposed to carcinogens (cancer-causing chemicals)
Other carcinogens: radon, asbestos, radioactive materials, and arsenic

24. 21. Asthma
Sever allergic reaction that causes wheezing, coughing, and breathing difficulties
Bronchioles go into spasms, squeezing the air passages
Asthma triggers: smoking, pollen, indoor or outdoor mold, dust mites, activity, colds and infections, cockroaches, weather, strong odors and sprays

25. 22. Bronchitis Linings of bronchial tubes are irritated and swollen
Passageways to alveoli may swell and clog with mucus
Coughing, difficulty breathing

26. 23. Emphysema Lungs lose elasticity
Walls of alveoli are damaged, making respiratory surface smaller
Causes shortness of breath
Damage is permanent

27. 24. Pneumonia
Alveoli are filled with fluid
Prevents exchange of gases

28. Brain Pop: Smoking

29. Let’s Review!

30. 25. Label the diagram below:

31. 26. Which line in the graph below best illustrates an effect of the carbon dioxide level in the blood on breathing rate before, during, and after a period of exercise?

32. 27. Answer the questions based on the diagram below:
What represents the lungs?
What does the rubber sheet represent?

33. 28. What is this a picture of?