1. Congenital lesions of larynx
Congenital stridor
common in infants
causes：laryngeal cartilages hypoplasia calciumdeficiency---laryngeal chondromalacia
symptoms：1）three depressions sign 2）wheeze
treatment ：1）symptom-free ，no particular treatment---take in more calcium and cod liver oil
2）side-lying 3）tracheotomy

2. laryngeal web

3. laryngomalacia

4. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
Acute epiglottitis
A common disease, often misdiagnosed, can cause dyspnea and threaten patient’s life
causes：bacterial or viral infection, allergy, foreign body, trauma, inspiration of chemicals, spread of inflammation from pharyngitis

5. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
Acute epiglottitis
symptoms：acute onset, high fever, sore throat, dysphagia, unclear articulation, dynpnea

6. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
Acute epiglottitis
exam：oropharynx is normal, congestion and edema of the epiglottis, difficult to explore the vocal cords

7. Acute epiglottitis

8. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
Acute epiglottitis
treatment：
systemic administration of antibiotics and corticosteroid.
tracheotomy if necessary
incise the epiglottic abscess if it is formed

9. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
Acute laryngitis
causes：infection, vocal overuse, inhalation of toxic gas
symptoms：hoarseness, sore throat, cough

10. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
Acute laryngitis
exam：diffused congestion and edema of the vocal cords
treatment：vocal rest, nebulization therapy with antibiotics, steroid and traditional Chinese medicines

11. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
Acute laryngitis in children
Often occurred in children from 6m~3y
causes：caused by infectious diseases or upper respiratory tract infection

12. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
Acute laryngitis in children
symptoms：cough，Three-concave sign, inspiratory dyspnea, fever and restlessness
exam：congestion and edema of laryngeal mucosa, especially subglottic mucosa

13. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
Acute laryngitis in children
differential diagnosis：glottic spasm, foreign body of respiratory tract, diphtheria
treatment：
antibiotic and steroid
tracheotomy if necessary
supporting treatment

14. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
Chronic laryngitis
causes：occupational（teachers, shop employees
chronic inflammation of nose, sinus and pharynx
acute laryngitis
lower respiratory tract infection
long term inspiration of toxic gas

15. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
Chronic laryngitis
symptoms：repeated hoarseness, discomfort and foreign body sensation of the throat
exam：chronic congestion of laryngeal mucosa with mild edema, VC hypertrophy or atrophy
treatment:etiological treatment, traditional Chinese medicine

16. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
Vocal nodules & polyps
causes：vocal overuse and abuse
symptom：hoarseness
exam: laryngoscopic examination

17. Vocal nodules and polyps

18. Inflammatory diseases of the larynx
treatment：
complete vocal rest and nebulization therapy
surgery：under direct laryngoscope, fiberscope and microscope