1. Chapter 8, pp. 359-406 (*figures from text)
WIND TURBINE CONTROL
Wind Energy Explained
Chapter 8, pp (*figures from text)
David Peters

2. 8.1 Introduction Things to control statically:
storage of wind speed measurements
health usage monitoring
release parking brake
blade pitch settings
electrical contacts to power grid

3. Things to control dynamically:
blade collective and cyclic pitch
nacelle yaw angle
generator torque
rotor RPM
rotor shutdown in high winds

4. Examples of control systems

5. 10kW Bergey Excel

6. Lagerwey LW18/80

7. ESI-80

8. Vestas V47-660/200 kW

9. Enron Wind 750i

10. 8.2 Overview of Wind Turbine Control Systems
8.2.1 Basic turbine model
aerodynamics
rotor inertia
shaft flexibility
brake torque
drive train inertia
electrical torque

12. 8.2.2 Control system components
controller
amplifier
actuator
plant model
sensors

14. 8.2.3 Control of turbine processes
aerodynamic torque
generator torque
brake torque
yaw orientation

16. 8.3 Typical Grid-connected Turbine Operation
8.3.1 Constant-speed operating systems
stall-regulated
two-speed stall regulated
active pitch regulated

18. 8.3.2 Variable-speed operating systems
stall-regulated
active pitch regulated
passive pitch regulated

20. 8.4 Supervisory Control Overview 8.4.1 Supervisory control-system
safety
reporting
monitoring operation
managing operation
emergency systems

21. 8.4.2a Operating states-coming on line
system check
ready for operation
start and brake release
grid connection
power production

22. 8.4.2b Operating States-coming off line
grid disconnection
freewheeling
shutdown
emergency shutdown

24. 8.4.3 Fault diagnosis
8.4.4 Implementation
hardware logic control
electrical logic control
computer control

25. 8.4.5 Fail-safe backup systems
grid loss
controller failure
independent emergency shutdown
independent hardware shutdown

27. 8.5 Dynamic Control Theory and Implementation
Purpose of dynamic control
(example of yaw)
proportional gain (bring to desired value)
rate gain (stop at desired value)
integral gain (account for static disturbances)
choice of gains for stability and performance

41. 8.5.2 Dynamic control system design
methodologies
classical control
adaptive control
optimal control
genetic control
system models
physically based
system identification

43. 8.5.3 Control issues specific to turbines
1. types of disturbances
2. response t disturbances

50. 8.5.3 Control issues specific to turbines
3. resonances
4. speed ratio issues
5. transitions

53. 8.5.3 Control issues specific to turbines
6. wind turbine loads

54. 8.5.4 Dynamic control system implementation
1. mechanical systems
2. analog and op-amp systems

56. 8.5.4 Dynamic control system
implementation
3. digital systems

58. 8.6 Summary and Conclusions Other texts:
Garcia-Sans, Mario and Houpis, H. Constantine,
Wind Energy Systems: Control Engineering Design, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2012.