1. Fritz Duquesne Sarah Juhn PD8
"still to this day the largest espionage case in the history of the United States.”-historian Peter Duffy

2. Background
Known as :Fritz "The man who killed Kitchener”, Captain Claude Stoughton, Frederick Fredericks, Boris Zakrevsky, Major Frederick Craven, Colonel Beza, Piet Niacud, Fritz Joubert Duquesne, The Black Panther, George Fordham
Born in 1877 in Cape Colony, South Africa
Dutch-speaking parents, his family were part of a group of people known as Boers (farmer)
He had two younger siblings, his sister Elsbet and his brother Pedro
At age 12, Fritz Duquesne killed his first man, a Zulu who attacked his mother using the hunting skills that his father had taught him
Duquesne’s family moved to another province in an attempt to escape British rule and to avoid the constant and ongoing conflicts between the eastern tribes and the British army
At 17 years of age, he left to attend the Oxford University of London but dropped out after a year and went to school at the Royal Military Academy

3. Background
In 1899, Duquesne returned to his native South Africa to fight against the British in the Anglo-Boer War 
He was captured by the British and sent to an internment camp in Portugal
He seduced the daughter of a guard who assisted him in escaping 
He made his way to England and joined the British army led by Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener. They passed through his town in South Africa and found his parent’s farm completely destroyed with word that his sister had been murdered and his mother was dying in a concentration camp
He conspired with 20 men to assassinate Kitchener but was betrayed and ended back in jail in Jamaica but escaped yet again and found his way to New York
 Became a United States citizen in December of 1913 
 Became President Theodore Roosevelt’s personal shooting coach while guiding him on a number of big game expeditions 
He aligned himself with a German-American entrepreneur who sent him to Brazil with the alias “Frederick Fredericks” with the job of “doing scientific research on rubber plants.”  Instead, Duquesne (alias Fredericks) placed a number of time bombs in mineral sample cases that were placed on British ships which were never heard from again

4. Crime Accused of committing
Date
Victim(s)
Punishment
Murder
1889
A Zulu
About 1.5 million pounds of gold bullion was removed from the South African Mint and National Bank
between 29 May and 4 June 1900
The British
Conspiracy against the British government and on (the charge of) espionage
11 October 1901
court-martialed as a lieutenant in the British army and sentenced to be shot along with his co-conspirators. His sentence was reduced to life in prison and in exchange Duquesne agreed to divulge secret Boer codes and to translate several Boer dispatches
As an agent for Naval Intelligence in South America, he was assigned to disrupt commercial traffic to countries at war with Germany. Duquesne received and delivered communiques through German embassies, and he was responsible for numerous explosions on British merchant ships. Duquesne signaled the German submarine that sank the cruiser, thus killing Lord Kitchener
June 1916
Lord Kitchener and the British army
Charges of fraud for insurance claims
He had a large file of news clippings related to the bomb explosions on ships, as well as a letter from the Assistant German Vice Consul at Managua, Nicaragua
17 November 1917
Insurance companies
American authorities agreed that they would extradite Duquesne to Britain, if the British sent him back afterward to serve his sentence for fraud

5. Crime Accused of committing
Date
Victim(s)
Punishment
He disguised himself as a woman and escaped by cutting the bars of his cell and climbing over the barrier walls to freedom. He was on the run until 1932
25 May May 1932
He was interrogated and beaten by the police and charged with murder on the high seas. Duquesne was charged with homicide and as an escaped prisoner. After Britain declined to pursue his war crimes, noting that the statute of limitations had expired, the judge threw out the only remaining charge of escape from prison and released Duquesne
He began working for the U.S. government's Works Progress Administration. Duquesne was again in New York operating as a German spy
January 1935
The United States
Relayed secret information on U.S. weaponry and shipping movements to Germany
28 June 1941
33 members of the Duquesne Spy Ring were sentenced to serve a total of more than 300 years in prison

6. Most recent crime
1941 when he and 32 other members of the Duquesne Spy Ring were caught by William G. Sebold, a double agent with the FBI, and later convicted in the largest espionage conviction in the history of the United States.
Double agent- a spy pretending to serve one government while actually serving another

7. Evidence against criminal
FBI agent Newkirk, using the name Ray McManus, was now assigned to DUNN (Duquesne) and he rented a room immediately above Duquesne's apartment near Central Park and used a hidden microphone to record Duquesne's conversations
Duquesne was certain he was under surveillance, and he even confronted one FBI agent and demanded that he stop tracking him, a story confirmed by agent Newkirk
One room would serve as double-agent Sebold's office from which he would receive intelligence reports from Abwehr spies that would later be censored by the FBI and partially transmitted by Sebold via coded short-wave radio to Germany
The other two rooms were used by German-speaking FBI agents who would listen in with headphones and record the meetings using a motion picture camera behind a two-way wall mirror
Once Duquesne believed he was safe, he raised his pants leg and removed documents from his sock, such as: a sketch and photo of the M1 Garand semi-automatic rifle, a drawing of a new light tank design, a photo of a U.S. Navy Mosquito boat, a photo of a grenade launcher, and reports on U.S. tanks he had observed at bases at West Point and in Tennessee. Duquesne also described sabotage techniques he had used in earlier wars such as small bombs with slow fuses he could drop through a hole in his pants pocket, and he commented on where he might use these devices again
Another member of the ring, Paul Bante, discussed plan to bomb different locations and even delivered dynamite and detonation caps to Sebold

8. Sentence
The FBI arrested Duquesne and 32 Nazi spies on charges of relaying secret information on U.S. weaponry and shipping movements to Germany. The 33 members of the Duquesne Spy Ring were sentenced to serve a total of more than 300 years in prison.
The 64-year-old Duquesne did not escape this time. He was sentenced to 18 years in prison, with a 2-year concurrent sentence and $2,000 fine for violation of the Foreign Agents Registration Act
He died at City Hospital on Roosevelt Island on 24 May 1956 at the age of 78 years

9. Deviant behavior
I think that Fritz Duquesne fits under the Differential Association Theory. From a young age he started learning how to hunt. His greed for power was something he had learned from his father because he was a hunter and a farmer. He had even killed someone a young age due to his environment and the town that he lived in when he was young. Also the traumatic event of having to flee his town because of an attack from a tribe could have left him with anger and wanting revenge. Shortly after that he was separated from his family to go to England for school and never saw them again. For when he returned he found the village destroyed and got the news that his family was dead.
This is Differential Association because he joined the army after he dropped out of school and learned their values and he had a strong, violent influence from that experience. He conspired to kill the leader of the British army and found himself getting captured and escaping many of times. This demonstrates frequency and intensity of his involvement with war. He even intertwined his crimes. While he was detonating bombs on war ships, he previously took stock in them and would receive money from insurance companies afterword.

10. Cultural reference Books:
Counterfeit Hero: Fritz DuQuesne, Adventurer and Spy
by Art Ronnie