1. Recovery and Reconstruction in India: Future Directions
PRE-DRP
Recovery and Reconstruction in India: Future Directions

2. Recovery and Reconstruction: An Evolving Practice
Large-scale Reconstruction Programmes in India after Major Disasters
Several major reconstruction programmes implemented in various states through WB and international support
Implemented through Special Purpose Vehicles
Significant state capacity needed; States which had stronger governance systems did better

3. A Lack of Alternative Recovery Models
Not many recovery programmes funded through internal resources
In most of the cases, states support just relief following a disaster
Certain states implement recovery through linkages with national development programmes
These linkages are not always efficient, and
Implementation and monitoring mechanisms are not strong

4. A Lack of Recovery has High Costs
PRE-DRP
Households slide into poverty; increase their risk and vulnerability
A vicious cycle sets in through depressed investment
Increases regional disparities in India
Prevents opportunity for implementing risk reduction, and
A significant impact on the achievement of development goals

5. A Review of Enabling Mechanisms for Recovery
PRE-DRP
Both the DM Act 2005 and the National Policy on DM 2009 have references to rehabilitation and reconstruction
Recovery, reconstruction, rehabilitation--various terms used interchangeably—have policy support and legal mandate
However, the enabling mechanisms for their implementation are not in place
These enabling mechanisms are: assessment of damages and losses, institutional capacities for recovery planning, and financial allocations

6. Assessment of Damages and Losses
PRE-DRP
A comprehensive and inclusive assessment of damages and losses is
essential to identify needs and develop recovery interventions.
Define the methodology to conduct a post-disaster assessment; at present, the assessment focuses on central assistance
Determine roles & responsibilities for conducting assessment
Assess damages and losses for all the affected sectors
Identify recovery needs, and estimate the cost of recovery
Validate the assessment and approve it officially.

7. Institutional Arrangements for Recovery (1)
PRE-DRP
Option 1: A special agency set up for recovery and reconstruction
Option 2: One of the departments acts as a coordinating agency for implementing the plan
Option 3: Different ministries and departments have roles in implementing the plan
Option 4: Local Governments entrusted with implementation; and
Option 5: NGOs and communities implement the programme.

8. Institutional Arrangements for Recovery (1)
PRE-DRP
Recovery is a collaborative effort; it should encourage participation of different stakeholders
A sustainable arrangement is where one department assumes a lead role of planning and coordination
Different ministries and departments would need to contribute to recovery
Local governments, NGOs and communities also need to participate

9. Financial Mechanisms for Recovery (1):
PRE-DRP
At present, there is no window of funding for recovery
NDRF and SDRF do not allocate resources for recovery
There is no special grant for recovery through Finance Commission
In most of large-scale disasters, the government seeks loans from IFIs

10. Financial Mechanisms for Recovery (2)
PRE-DRP
Developing national financial mechanisms are key to recovery
Recovery is not expensive; it is affordable and sustainable if costs are shared
Center and states should share the cost of recovery
Households need not receive the total cost of recovery; on an average, they contribute at least 60 percent of recovery costs
A recovery programme is implemented over three to five years; if planned well, the annual outflow would not be burdensome

11. Financial Mechanisms for Recovery (3)
PRE-DRP
Setting up a window for recovery within NDRF and SDRF
Specific Budgetary Allocations for Recovery
Pooling resources through various Central Government programmes
Co-sharing with private sector
Private donations, and
Surcharges/tax can be levied to support Recovery

12. Developing Implementation Guidelines
PRE-DRP
A considerable amount of learning available through reconstruction programmes
The lessons learnt should be used to develop recovery guidelines
Guidelines to be developed collaboratively with states
Guidelines lay down the principles and nature of assistance clearly
A functional set up to implement the guidelines

13. Key Principles of Recovery
PRE-DRP
Recovery is an important element of DRR; it should be given equal attention
Recovery must improve the well-being of communities; it connects with development
Recovery must be inclusive and non-discriminatory
Recovery is a multi year process that can take 3-5 years. Governments must support the process through the period of implementation
The process of recovery could be very contentious and lead to conflicts. There should be mechanisms for conflict resolution
Women’s participation and leadership of recovery improves results significantly

14. NDMA’s Leadership Role in Recovery
PRE-DRP
NDMA needs to play a leadership role in promoting recovery;
A policy dialogue with Niti Ayog on recovery would be necessary at the central level
Develop institutional and financial mechanisms for recovery at the state level
NDMA and NIDM should participate in the assessment of damages and losses
A functional set up for recovery within NDMA, which provides technical assistance and monitors recovery programmes, and
Training programmes in assessment and recovery planning; document recovery programmes, and disseminate lessons learnt.

15. Regional Assistance for Recovery
PRE-DRP
India has considerable experience of implementing recovery programmes
India has provided support for recovery in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh
India has pledged a large scale reconstruction programme in Nepal
India has a pool of technical resources for supporting recovery
These experiences and resources should lead India to step up its regional role
Set up a facility which provides recovery assistance to South Asian countries

16. PRE-DRP
Thank you