1. BIBFRAME and Schema.org New Models for Resource Description and Access
Marlene van Ballegooie
September 23, 2015

2. Outline Introducing BIBFRAME The road to BIBFRAME
Overview of the BIBFRAME model
Schema.org - A BIBFRAME alternative?
Relationship between BIBFRAME and Schema.org

3. What is BIBFRAME?
BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework) is a data model for bibliographic description. BIBFRAME was designed to replace the MARC standards, and to use linked data principles to make bibliographic data more useful both within and outside the library community.

4. About BIBFRAME
BIBFRAME Initiative is being led by the Library of Congress
Requirements for the model
Content model agnostic
Description and management of all types of library holdings, traditional and born-digital
Provision for all library data: bibliographic, authority, holdings, classification
Replace MARC
Extensive community input in development

5. Why Do We Need BIBFRAME? Limitations of MARC
Does not work well on the web
Not designed for direct comprehension by a computer
Having a web-based OPAC does not mean your data is on the web.
Does not work well with the RDA
Cannot adequately represent relationships between or within records
MARC is static and inflexible
Only libraries use MARC

6. The Road to BIBFRAME 2002. October. MARC must die (Roy Tennant)
The very nature of the MARC (machine-readable cataloging) record is, to some degree, an anachronism. It was developed in an age when memory, storage, and processing power were all rare and expensive commodities. Now they are ubiquitous and cheap.

7. 2006. Tim Berners Lee's Linked Data: Design Issues.
MARC is “no longer fit for the purpose”
Recommendations
Develop a more flexible, extensible metadata carrier
Integrate library standards into web environment
Extend use of standard identifiers
2008. January.
On the Record
(LC report).

8. 2011. June. Report and Recommendations
of the U.S. RDA Test Coordinating Committee.
“Most felt any benefits of RDA would be largely unrealized in a MARC environment.”

9. 2011. October. A Bibliographic Framework for the Digital Age.
“The Library of Congress is committed to developing, in collaboration with librarians, standards experts, and technologists a new bibliographic framework that will serve the associated communities well into the future.”

10. 2012. May. LC begins work with Zepheira on model.
Eric Miller and the BIBFRAME Model
2015. LC pilot project to use BIBFRAME in production. Intention to formalize data model and vocabulary by end of 2015.
2014. Stabilization of BIBFRAME model and experimentation.
and others…

11. BIBFRAME Model
Core Classes
Authorities
Work
Instance

12. BIBFRAME Model
Annotations

13. Differences between MARC and BIBFRAME
Aggregates information in a single record
Uses strings for identifiers
Flat record format
Non-dynamic content
Primarily at the manifestation level
Much duplication of information across records
Records isolated in data silo (Sirsi)
Relationship based, NOT record based
Work-to-Work
Work-to-Instance
Work-to-Authority
Annotation-to-Instance
Uses controlled identifiers (URIs) to establish relationships
Links are paramount!
Data is woven into the greater web of data

14. From Strings…

15. To Things… Pride and Prejudice Austen, Jane (OCoLC)881025115 title
same_as
author
Graphic novels
England
genre
geographic term
Social classes
subject
adapted_by
King, Stacy
subject
isbn
Courtship
subject
subject
subject
Bennet, Elizabeth (Fictitious character)
Sisters
Darcy, Fitzwilliam (Fictitious character)

16. FRBR - Tillett presentation, March 4, 2009
Incorporation of FRBR Thinking
Disaggregation of the components of the bibliographic record
Focus on relationships between entities, elements and attributes
Separation of the intellectual from the physical
Work
Manifestation
Person
Expression
Item
Concept
Corporate body
Source: 16 16

17. Relationship between FRBR and BIBFRAME Models
Work =
Work
Expression
Manifestation =
Instance =
Item
Annotation

18. What BIBFRAME Will Achieve
Stronger support for RDA
A move away from manifestation-based cataloguing
Movement towards the creation of data, not records (greater reliance on identifiers)
The integration of library data into the fabric of the web.

19. BIBFRAME is not the only game in town

20. What is Schema.org?
Schema.org is a vocabulary used to describe things on the web.
Aims to improve the web by creating a structured data markup schema supported by major search engines.
Primary usage is for annotating existing Web content.
Schema.org can be considered an approach to Linked Data.

21. What is Schema.org? Launched in June 2011
Collaborative effort between:
Designed for extremely mainstream, mass market adoption.

23. Book
Name
Author
Publisher
Pub Date
Language
ISBN

25. Schema Bib Extend Community Group
The mission of this group is to discuss and prepare proposal(s) for extending Schema.org schemas for the improved representation of bibliographic information markup and sharing. The group will seek consensus around, and support for, proposal(s) to the W3C WebSchemas Group. This Community Group will not, itself, produce technical specifications.

26. BIBFRAME and Schema.org Friend of Foe?

27. BIBFRAME and Schema.org
Complimentary relationship between the two linked data approaches
BIBFRAME of description, curation and data exchange
Schema.org for discovery via common search engines

28. Convergence Between BIBFRAME and Schema.org
Breadth of Coverage
BibExtensions
Depth of Description

29. What should UTL do with these new models for resource description and access?