1. PreAP Bio Foldables

2. Notes and Foldables
The first part of the power point should go in your notebook
Don’t forget CORNEL STYLE NOTES
The rest of the power point will go in there.

3. Vocabulary (In notebook)
Hydrophobic – molecule that does NOT want to be around water ** NONPOLAR (ex: oil)
HATES WATER
Hydrophilic – molecule that wants to be around water -** POLAR (ex: sugar, salts, other waters)
LOVES WATER

4. Phospholipids (In notebook)
Draw this diagram in your notes
Phosphate Head
HYDROPHILIC “Loves Water”
HYDROPHOBIC “Hates Water”
Lipid Tails

5. Cell (or Plasma) Membrane (In notebook)
Phospholipid Bilayers – lipid layers creates a water proof boundary for the cells (Purple Area)

6. Cell (or Plasma) Membrane (In notebook)
* Cell membranes control what enters or leaves the cells

7. Vocabulary (In notebook)
Solute – a molecule that is being dissolved
Ex: salt or sugar will dissolve in water
NOTICE: look how the water molecules orient themselves to the + or – solute ions
Na+ (Sodium Ion)
Cl- (Chlorine Ion)

8. Vocabulary (In notebook)
Solvent – a molecule that can dissolve something
Ex: Water (the universal solvent)

9. Vocabulary (In notebook)
Solution – made up of solvent and solutes
Solute
Solute
Water
Solute

10. Vocabulary (In notebook)
Concentration Gradient – the difference between molecules (green hexagons) on opposite sides of the membrane

11. Notice the difference between HIGH concentration and LOW concentration

12. IF they can, molecules will ALWAYS try to equal out on both sides

13. Vocabulary (In notebook)
Equilibrium – when solute amounts are EQUAL everywhere (usually referring to both sides of a membrane)

14. Vocabulary (In notebook)
Permeable – when molecules can cross a membrane

15. Vocabulary (In notebook)
Selectively Permeable – when certain molecules are allowed to cross a membrane

16. The rest of the slides go into your foldables…

17. Cellular Transport Foldable

18. Cellular Transport Foldable
Picture of Simple Diffusion
Picture of Facilitated Diffusion
Picture of Osmosis
2 Pictures for Active Transport
Cellular Transport
Draw the images on the outside flaps for “Simple Diffusion”, “Osmosis”, “Facilitated Diffusion”, and “Active Transport”

19. Cellular Transport Foldable
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport
Lower inside flap
Describe Simple Diffusion
Lower inside flap
Describe Facilitated Diffusion
Lower inside flap
Describe Osmosis
Lower inside flap
Describe Active Transport
Cellular Transport
Draw the pictures and describe the transport from the following slides…

20. Picture for Simple Diffusion Outside Image
HIGH Concentration
LOW Concentration

21. Simple Diffusion (Inside lower flap)
(Vocabulary) Diffusion - ALWAYS moves solutes from High Concentration  Low Concentration (Down the concentration gradient)
Simple diffusion allows molecules to move through the phospholipid bilayer without needing help.
Diffusion NEVER needs energy (ATP)

22. Simple Diffusion (Inside lower flap if space is available)
Examples:
1) perfume/cologne will diffuse through the entire room when someone sprays it.
2) if the room catches on fire, the students will diffuse from inside (High concentration) to outside (Low concentration) of students
3) a child going down a slide is like moving down the concentration gradient.

23. Picture for Facilitated Diffusion Outside Image
HIGH Concentration
LOW Concentration

24. Facilitated Diffusion (Inside lower flap)
Facilitated Diffusion ALWAYS moves from High Concentration  Low Concentration (Down the concentration gradient)
(Vocabulary) Facilitated diffusion - REQUIRES a helper transport protein to get solute molecules across the phospholipid bilayer.
Facilitated Diffusion NEVER needs energy (ATP)

25. Facilitated Diffusion (Inside lower flap)
The solute molecules are either Too BIG or Too HYDROPHILIC to cross the lipid area of the phospholipid bilayer
Transport proteins act as a tunnel that solutes travel through.

26. Picture for Osmosis Outside Image
HIGH Concentration
LOW Concentration

27. Osmosis (Inside lower flap)
Osmosis ALWAYS moves from High Concentration  Low Concentration (Down the concentration gradient)
Osmosis REQUIRES a helper transport protein to get WATER molecules ( ) across the phospholipid bilayer.
Osmosis NEVER needs energy (ATP)

28. Osmosis (Inside lower flap)
(Vocabulary) Osmosis – Movement of water across a membrane
Water molecules will never be able to easily cross the lipid area of the phospholipid bilayer, but ALL CELLS NEED WATER
Aquaporin is the transport protein that acts as a tunnel that solutes travel through.

29. 2 Pictures for Active Transport Outside Image
NOTICE: There are two pictures for Active Transport. Put one picture above the other on the inside upper flap…
Picture 1
Picture 2

30. Step 1for Active Transport Outside upper image
LOW Concentration
ADP
ATP
HIGH Concentration

31. Step 2 for Active Transport Outside lower image
LOW Concentration
HIGH Concentration

32. Active Transport (Inside lower flap)
Active Transport ALWAYS moves from LOW Concentration  HIGH Concentration (AGAINST the concentration gradient)
(Vocabulary) Active Transport- ALWAYS REQUIRES ENERGY (ATP) and a helper transport protein to get solute molecules across the phospholipid bilayer AGAINST the concentration gradient
Active Transport ALWAYS needs energy (ATP)

33. Active Transport (Inside lower flap)
Ex: Think of a bouncer at a popular club. When the cell (club) is full, and a solute (person) wants to try and get in, they have to PAY the bouncer to let them “sneak” by. Money would be like the cell paying ATP energy to make the protein channel (bouncer) let the solute (person) in.

34. Active Transport (Inside lower flap)
Active Transport is the only kind of cell movement that REQUIRES energy to work.

35. Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable
(Use your other sheet of clean paper)

36. Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable
Hypertonic
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Tonic Solution Concentration
Label the outside flaps with “Hypertonic”, “Isotonic”, and “Hypotonic”

37. Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable
Animal Cell diagrams before and after in hypertonic solution
Animal Cell diagrams before and after in isotonic solution
Animal Cell diagrams before and after in hypotonic solution
Tonic Solution Concentration
You will use the descriptions to explain what's happening in the pictures from page 211 and the pictures from the same page on the next stlide

38. Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable
Plant Cell diagrams before and after in hypertonic solution
Plant Cell diagrams before and after in isotonic solution
Plant Cell diagrams before and after in hypotonic solution
Tonic Solution Concentration
Divide the bottom sections into 2 parts for each section. One for plant cells one for animal (blood) cells. DO NOT MIX UP THE PICTURES WITH WRONG DESCRIPTIONS

39. Types of osmotic solutions
Hypertonic Solution
Low water purity (few water molecules) because of more solutes = water moves out & cell shrinks (Plasmolysis)
Isotonic Solution
Equal solutes & water molecules, so equal movement of water into and out of the cell
Hypotonic Solution
High water purity (lots of water molecules) & less solutes = water moves in & cell expands and may burst (Cytolysis)

40. Hypertonic
Hypertonic means there are MORE solutes and less water in a solution

41. Isotonic
Hypertonic means there are EQUAL amounts of solutes compared to water in a solution

42. Hypotonic
Hypertonic means there are LESS solutes and more water in a solution

43. Osmosis
Water ALWAYS moves from Hypotonic solutions to Hypertonic Solutions.
HYPERTONIC
HYPOTONIC

44. Cells in various solutions Copy this chart in your IAN
Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic
LYSE
NORMAL
animal
PLASMOLYSIS
Plant, fungus, algae, bacteria
TURGID
FLACCID

46. Cells in hypotonic solution
Cells in hypertonic solution
Cells in isotonic solution