Unit 16 The United States of America.

Unit 16 The United States of America

If you learn sth about a country, what do you expect to know?

Can you use some adjective words to describe the USA?
developed beautiful USA attractive modern fashionable powerful

Get close to the USA

Competition

1. Which of the following is the American emblem（国徽）:
A B C D. A

2. Which flag is American flag?
A B C. 3. Which city is the capital of the USA? New York Washington D.C Los Angeles

B B 4. How many states are there in the USA? A. 49 B. 50 C. 51 D.48
How many of them are off the mainland? Which is the largest state? B 5. How many states were there when the US was formed? A B C. 18 B

Polar lights Beautiful scenery of Alaska

1 6 2 . 3 4 5 6. New York 3. Texas 1 Washington 2 California
4. Mississippi 5.Florida .

6. Who is the person on the one-dollar note?
A. Jefferson B. Washington C. Franklin 7. George Bush is the ____ president in the USA. A.41st & 42nd B. 43rd &44th C. 44th & 45th

2 Washington; Jefferson; Roosevelt; Lincoln
Washington; Roosevelt; Jefferson; Lincoln Franklin; Truman; Lincoln; Kennedy Washington; Franklin; Lincoln; Nixon

8. Which bird is American bird? Black swan the Bald Eagle Barn swallow
Kiwi 9. The most important and largest river in the USA is: A. the Ohio River B. the Colorado River C. the Missouri River D. the Mississippi River

10. The Constitution was written in:
A B. 1864 C D. 1776 11.The American National Day falls on: A. February 8th B. December 20th C. May 5th D. July 4th 12. Which isn’t the nickname of the USA? A. John Bull B. Uncle Sam C. Yankee

13. Which is the American National Anthem?国歌
A. the Marseillaise B. God Save Queen C. the Star-Spangled Banner （闪闪发亮的旗帜） D. O Canada 14. Which of the following company isn’t located in Silicon Valley? A. Apple B. Intel C. Google D. IBM

3 White House Twin Towers in Malaysia
15.Which of the following places aren’t in the USA? A B. C D. E F. 3 The statue of Liberty Capitol Hill pentagon Buckingham Palace White House Twin Towers in Malaysia

16. Which sport isn’t so popular in America?
Baseball B. football C. Basketball D. soccer 17. If you see a person with dark skin, it is better for you to call him ___. A. Negro B. Black C. Colored 18. In _______the Olympic Games was held in Atlanta. A B C D. 1992

3 19. Who are not Americans? A. Bill Gates B. Charles Dickens
C. Thomas Edison E. Walt Disney F. Martin Luther King. Jr. G. The Beatles H. Mark Twain I. Charlie Chaplin 3

1 20. Which movie isn’t Charlie Chaplin’s?
A. Gold Rush B. Modern Times C. City Lights D. My Fair Lady 1 21. Which university isn’t in the USA? Yale University Cambridge University Harvard University Princeton University

3 22. Can you match the American cities with their nicknames? Boston
Hollywood Dallas Nashville Chicago Los Angeles New York Windy city Film capital of the world Music city Beantown The city of Angels Big D Big Apple

23. What are the two major parties in the USA?
A.The Republicans and the Democrats B.The Republicans and the Socialists C. The Democrats and the Socialists D. The Conservatives and the Democrats 24. The symbol of the Republican Party is: A. A bear B. a lion C. an ox D. an elephant

25. Which is the symbol of American
democracy? A. The Lincoln Memorial B. The World Trade Center C. The statue of Liberty D. The National Capital

Texas 1789 Decide whether the following sentences are True of False.
1. New York is the largest state in the US. Native American Languages 2. Most state names come from Spanish or English. 3. Atlanta is known as the “Big Apple”. New York 4. The Constitution was written in 1779. 1789

5. There are 52 stars on the American flag.
50 6. George Washington was the first American President. 7. The first settlers arrived in North America about 30,000 years ago. The “first settlers” is native American who came to North America from Asia. 8. The Mississippi River is the longest river in the world. US The longest river in the world is the Nile River.

F F T T Facts about New York! Listening
(1)New York is known as the “Big Apple”. (2) New York was first discovered by French explorer. (3)The island of Manhattan was bought from Local Indians for $200. (4) New York is on the east side of the USA. T F F T

Facts about New York! T T T
(5)By 1820,New York had become the largest city in the USA. (6)New York was once the capital city. (7)Central Park in New York was created in In the park, there is a zoo, an art museum and a boating lake. T T T

Listening text New York is ____________ islands _______________of the USA at a point where several rivers flow into the ocean. The first Westerner to __________________was an Italian explorer in In 1626 the island built on a group of on the east coast discover these islands

of Manhattan was ___________local Indians, Native Americans, for
__________________worth about $24. Today Native Americans express anger of__________________. After the War of Independence ended, New York became _________________ for a short time (1789- bought from a handful of goods this unfair business deal the capital of the USA

was torn down and Central Park was created, reaching
1790) be for Washington DC. By 1820 _____________________had grown to about 125,000, making it__________________. In 1858 an area of ____________________________ was torn down and Central Park was created, reaching the population of New York the largest city in the USA poor housing, factories and farm building

from 59th Street to 110th Street and across the avenues
from 59th Street to 110th Street and across the avenues. There is space for_____________, open air concerts, plays and games. Central Park also has a zoo,________________, a boating lake and, in winter, and ice-skating area. summer picnic an art museum

Listening text In 1892 the age of __________began, during which 15 million new people _____________Ellis Island into the USA over a period of 62 years. Today Ellis Island is______________, showing ____________of America’s new mass arrivals passed through a museum the roots

citizens, who __________all the corners of the earth
citizens, who __________all the corners of the earth. Officials used to ____________with the foreign names of people _____________Ellis Island, and because they were so busy, many people’s names _____________in the rush. came from have trouble passing through got changed

People who wanted to enter the USA had to go through ______
mental and physical tests, and about two million people were___________. Thus Ellis Island became known as the “____________”. New York never sleeps. The subway runs 24 hours a day, and there are__________ a number of turned away Island of Tears all-night

cinemas, bars and restaurants
cinemas, bars and restaurants. Some people think that the weather is_________, the city ugly and dirty, the competition fierce and the streets unsafe. It is a city____________, but a very exciting place to be. unpleasant in a hurry

Listen to part 2 and choose the best answers for the questions below.
1. Why do you think Ellis Island was turned into a museum? A. The buildings were not needed for new arrivals. B. There is a lot of history connected with people settling in the USA. C. Officials stopped working at Ellis Island. D. It was close to New York. 2. Why do you think Ellis Island was called the “Island of Tears”? A. People were unhappy when their names were changed. B. Officials treated the people passing through the island badly. C. Some people cried when they were refused entry into the USA. D. People were afraid of taking mental and physical tests.

What happened in the year
Listen to part 1 and part 2 again and try to finish the following table according to what you hear. Year What happened in the year 1524 1626 1820 1858 1892 An Indian explorer discovered these islands. Manhattan was bought from local Indians. New York became the capital of the USA. New York became the biggest city in the USA. Central Park was created. The age of mass arrivals began.

THE AMERICAN SOUTH

“The Power of Dream”-- The theme song of Atlanta Olympic Games; 1996 ------ A song of hope and confidence.

Fast reading suffering Population geography reconstruction education
climate Sports economy Population reconstruction agriculture politics culture resources

A song of tears and blood
suffering pains poverty hardship death happiness excitement freedom equality A song of tears and blood

Background Civil war when reason who result The south and north The south failed slavery

The south after the war death hunger poverty In ruins homeless
Burnt down homeless

The Civil Rights Movement
30,000 years ago 1600 1861 1930s 1960s The American Civil War The Great Depression The Civil Rights Movement The arrival of European settlers The arrival of Native Americans

During its t________ past, the south saw the s______ of native Americans; the p____ of slaves; the d_____ and p______ of the Civil War; the h_______ in the post-war years and the Great Depression and the s_______ of the Civil Rights Movement. roubled uffering ains eath overty ardships acrifices

1930s 30,000 years ago 1861 1960s 1600 Post-war years Death & poverty
American Indians Arrival of Civil war 1930s Unemployment Civil unrest 1861 30,000 years ago The great depression 1960s Slave trade 1600 Post-war years Arrival of European settlers Pains of slaves Civil rights movement sacrifices Killed Driven off

What effect did the sufferings have on the South?
Wounds …slow to heal ; scars run deep. Far behind.. in areas such as ..

What was the city like after the Civil War?(para2)
What is the city like today?(para6) C_________ center ommercial ultural reconstruction modern Developed Destroyed Burnt down A city in ruins Prosperous Booming

What were some of the difficulties the people of Atlanta had to overcome after the Civil War?

Match the examples with the statements that they support or illustrate:
Statements Examples 1.The people of Atlanta rebuilt A. Some southern cities are becoming the city almost from nothing financial and cultural centers of the US 2.The fights between blacks and B. The new mayor of Atlanta had only whites in the 1960s were fierce $1.64 to rebuild the city in1864. 3.The fight against segregation C. Dr King was shot in 1968. was widely supported D. People marched through Atlanta in 4.The South has taken the chance honor of Dr King. to display its new image to the E. In 1996,Atlanta hosted the Olympic whole world Games. 5.The story of the South is also about hope and success. B C D E A

Great changes have taken place in the South
and it now takes on a new look! Culture & sports The host of _________ Segregation ___________ took away many of black’s rights Olympics Fierce _______ fight between blacks and whites Segregation __________ disappeared civil rights Black business became ___________ Death ______ of Martin. L K. successful African-American community ________ grew $ _______ 1.64 economic A b________ business center; H_______ of largest company ooming ome

Civil Rights Movement He ____ ___ in a city where nearly half of the population was black. Segregation ____ ____ many of their rights. There were _______ in the city and in the south. grew up took away injustices

non-violent demonstrations the disappearance of segregation

honor success display its new image cultural diversity
sports and culture display its new image success cultural diversity honor

The south saw how people took pains to r_______ and d_______ the cities; how black people struggled for f_______. The world sees great changes taking place in the American South. The world sees there is no longer f_____ and d______ on people’s faces. Instead, their hearts are filled with h___ and s______. ebuild evelop reedom ear oubt ope uccess

Choose the best answer:
1. Hundreds of years ago, which of the following countries probably killed the native Americans? A. Korea. B. Egypt. C. England. D. Canada. 2. The phrase “in vain” in Paragraph 2 probably means ____. A. without success B. in trouble C. put into practice D. dangerous C A

3. In the last paragraph, the writer tries to support the point that ____.
A. the story of the South is about hope and success B. it is hard for the South to develop further C. Atlanta, Birmingham, Miami and Little Rock are Southern cities which develop very fast D. there is no trouble with the development of the South A

D 4. Which of the following is wrong according to the passage?
The South has overcome many difficulties ever since the Civil War. B. The fights between blacks and whites in the 1960’s were fierce. C. There is no doubt that Atlanta is a typical Southern city in many ways. D. Today the South has developed far better than the North. D

B 5. The passage is mainly about ____.
A. the sufferings in the history of the South B. the quick development of the South after the Civil War C. the Civil Rights Movement of the black people D. the famous cities of the South

The history of the South is one of s_______
The history of the South is one of s_______. The wounds are slow to h____, so the South is far behind the r_____ of the United States. The story of the South is also one of hope and s______.Take Atlanta for example, Atlanta was burnt down in the Civil War, the city was d_______and there was no money for r____________. But Atlanta quickly r___________from the destruction, the Atlanta continued to develop the area, both e_________ and socially.And Martin’ efforts were not in v____. The South still has many problems,but the people there are d___________ to make a new beginning. uffering eal est uccess estroyed econstruction ecovered conomically ain etermined

Why is Atlanta in many ways a
typical southern city? It experienced the hardship of slavery,the Civil War, the post-war years and the Great Depression.

What impressions does the text make on you?
What have you learnt from the reconstruction of the south?

summary summary The south of the America has a history of suffering as well as a story of hope and success. And great determination and hard work lead to success. Now it is an economical centre of the USA and the USA is the economical centre of the world. By comparing the suffering of the past with the great progress and the achievement of today as well as the bright future, we can see it is a good article.

struggle/ battle/ war/ fight
1.自内战以来，美国南部一直在设法处理过去遗留下来的麻烦事。 Ever since the Civil War, the South has struggled to find ways to deal with its troubled past. struggle/ battle/ war/ fight troubled: worried, full of problems and conflicts Little Tom was deeply troubled when he broke the cup. The people in Iraq live in troubled times.

Suffer (from) suffering n. [u] 痛苦，苦难 adj. 受苦的，受难的
2南部的历史是一部苦难的历史。 The history of the South is one of suffering. suffering n. [u] 痛苦，苦难种种痛苦，苦难（常用复数） adj. 受苦的，受难的 He died without much suffering. Please have a pity for other’s sufferings. The world is full of suffering people. Suffer (from) Do you suffer from headache? We suffered huge loss in the battle.

３）vi. ---- become worse, lose quality变坏；变差，变糟
suffer 1) vi. suffer from/with/for… ----feel pain, discomfort, great sorrow, etc 感到疼痛，不适，悲伤等；受苦，吃苦头 He made a rash decision-- now he is suffering for it. 　　　２）vt experience or undergo (the unpleasant) 经历或遭受（不愉快之事）　　　 suffer pain, torture, defeat遭受痛苦,折磨，失败３）vi become worse, lose quality变坏；变差，变糟 Your studies will suffer if you play too much football. 4) vt. --- tolerate (sth) ; stand 忍受，容忍（某事）；经得起 She could not suffer criticism.

3被贪婪的奴隶贩子从非洲带来的奴隶的苦难。
….the pains of slaves brought from Africa by greedy slave traders. be greedy for sth filled with greed or desire 贪吃的；贪心的；贪婪的,渴望的 Be greedy for money , power, fame, knowledge He is greedy to make money. looking at the cakes with greedy eyes greed un. 贪吃，贪心，贪婪 greedily adv

4. 战后多年的失业，国内动乱和大萧条，许多人在民权运动中所做出的牺牲
The hardships of the unemployment and civil unrest in the post-war years and the Great Depression; the many sacrifices of the Civil Rights Movement. unemployment [U] 失业（状态）；失业人数；失业率 employ employer employee A lot of workers were thrown into unemployment. Unemployment is on the rise. There is little unemployment in our country

Unrest: un. (state of) restlessness or dissatisfaction; disturbance
不安，不满意，动荡 civil / industrial/ political / social unrest 　　 unrestful adj　 Depression: n. 1) 萧条，不景气(un)；经济萧条时期(cn) 2) 沮丧, 消沉 He committed suicide during a fit of depression. 他一时想不开，自杀了。 mental depression精神抑郁

depress vt. --------1） make sb sad and without enthusiasm 使（某人）忧愁，消沉，沮丧：
Wet weather always depresses me. 我在阴雨天总是心灰意懒。２）make (esp. trade) less active 　　　　　　　使（尤指贸易）不活跃，不景气，萧条 depress a market 使市场萧条 depress sales depressed adj. 忧愁的，消沉的，沮丧的。 He is depressed about the election results. depressing adj. making one feel depressed 令人忧愁的，令人沮丧的 a depressing sight/prospect/film。

sacrifice n./ vt. 牺牲 He earned money at the sacrifice of his health.
1) un. 供奉，祭祀 the sacrifice of an ox to Jupiter. 2）cn. --- thing offered in this way供奉品；祭品 kill a sheep as a sacrifice 3）cn. --- thing given up in this way 牺牲的事物 Her parents made many sacrifices so that she could go to university. at the sacrifice of 牺牲… He earned money at the sacrifice of his health. She sacrificed her career to marry him. He sacrificed his life to save a drowning child.

The wounds are slow to heal and the scars run deep.
5.这些创伤愈合得很慢，伤痕留得很深。 The wounds are slow to heal and the scars run deep. 6. 种种迹象表明，一个崭新的截然不同的南部已经从过去的黑暗中走出来了。 There are signs that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past. 7亚特兰大很快从内战的毁坏中恢复过来了。 Atlanta quickly recovered from the destruction.

8. 金博士就是在这座城市成长起来的。在这儿，将近一半的人口是黑人，而种族隔离制度剥夺了他们许多权利。
Dr. King grew up in a city where nearly half the population was black, but where segregation took away many of their rights. The child was taken away from school. The food may be taken away. A take-away restaurant

The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites.
9.这座城市和整个南部的不公正制度促使金博士组织非暴力的示威，目的是要结束种族隔离制度。 The injustices in the city and in the South led Dr King to organise non-violent demonstrations aimed at ending segregation. 10. 这座城市目睹了黑人和白人之间一连串的激烈冲突。 The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites. This year sees the 90 years of the famous writers’ birth. The coat of his has seen hard wear.

Dr. King’s efforts were not in vain, however.
11. 然而，金博士的努力没有白费。 Dr. King’s efforts were not in vain, however. vain adj. 1)无用的；无结果的；徒劳的 a vain attempt, vain promises a vain talk 2)自负的；爱虚荣的 She's very vain about/ of her good looks. in vain 3)徒劳;毫无收益的；未成功： Our labor was in vain. He tried in vain to sleep. out of vanity 出于虚荣心 cn. 虚荣的东西 vainly adv

12. 种族隔离制度终于消亡，一个崭新的黎明似乎来到了。
Segregation eventually disappeared and a new dawn seemed to arrive. Eventually : ad.--- in the end; at last He fell ill and eventually died. Eventually he was tired of trying so hard. eventual [attrib作定语] --- happening at last as a result; ultimate最后的，最终的 eventual success [failure]最后的成功[失败]

13. 全世界人民的目光都在盯着亚特兰大，而它也骄傲地展示着它崭新的形象。
The eyes of the world were on Atlanta and the city was proud to display its new image. 14. 如同许多其他的南部城市一样，亚特兰大是新南部的代表，一个希望和信任代替了恐惧和怀疑的地方。 Like many other Southern cities, Atlanta is representative of the new south, a place where hope and faith have replaced fear and doubt.

15. 美国南部仍然还存在许多问题有待解决，但是那儿的人民决心从头开始。
The South still has many problems to deal with, but the people there are determined to make a new beginning.

Fill in the blanks with new words:
1. Clinton is the f_______ president of the USA. 2. He tried to save his son from drowning, but in v_____. 3. The city was destroyed and there was no money for r____________. 4. The boy is g_______ for an opportunity to prove his ability. 5. The failure caused his d____________. 6. Parents often make s________ for their children. 7. We look forward to the d_____ of better days. ormer ain econstruction reedy epression acrifices awn

8.Stress has an effect on both your _________ and mental health.
9. It is hard to imagine the pain and s________ they went through. 10. Lucy went to Boston to attend a friend’s f_______ and he was killed in a plane crash. 11. Sara had o_________ the disadvantages of her poor family background to become a successful lawyer. 12. She can never r______ buying the new clothes; they look so good. 13. In some countries food is left to r_____, while in other countries people are dying of hunger. physical ufferings uneral vercome esist ot

14.If you want to succeed, you must try to o _______ all the difficulties.
15.On my a _____ in Beijing, I got in touch with my friends and relatives. 16.When business is depressed, there is usually an increase in u ________ . 17. Having been kept in prison for more than twenty years, he became m_______ disturbed. vercome rrival mployment entally

post -war 18. The ___________ (战后的)years were hard and the people of Atlanta struggled to rebuild the city and create a new South. 19. The history of the south is full of ___________ (痛苦，折磨), such as __________________(失业), _______ (动乱) in the post-war years and the Great ____________（萧条）. 20．The ___________(不公平)in the South led Dr King to organize non- violent demonstrations aimed at ending ______________（隔离）. hardships unemployment unrest Depression injustices segregation

1.A.The city was destroyed and there was no
money to rebuild it. B. The city was destroyed and there was no money____ ____________. for reconstruction 2. A. There were a series of fights between blacks and whites in the city in the 1960s. B. The _____ _____a series of fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s. city saw

3. A. In 1996,the Olympic Games took place in
the city, which was a great honour. B. In 1996,the city was ___ __ the Olympic Games, which was a great honour. the host of 4. A. Some of the largest and most successful companies in America are located in modern Atlanta. B. Modern Atlanta is ______ _____ __ some of the largest and most successful companies in America. the home of/ to

5. A. In spite of the rain, he still works on the farm.
B. _________ the rain, he ……. 6. A. I came to the fight site to be in memory of the dead. B. I came……site to be ____ _____ ___ the dead. 7. A. Segregation at last disappeared and a new dawn seemed to arrive. B. Segregation ___________ disappeared…… Despite in honor of eventually

Correct the mistake in each sentence.
1.Ever since the Civil War, the South has struggled to find ways to deal with its trouble past. 2. There are signs which a new, different South is coming out of its dark past. 3.The people of Atlanta struggled to create a new South former slaves and slave--owners could live together. 4.Despite of the hardships of the years, the people of Atlanta continued to develop the area.

5.The injustices led Dr King to organise nonviolent demonstrations aimed at end segregation.
6.Like many other Southern cities, Atlanta is a place where hope and faith have replaced with fear and doubt. 7.The South still has many problems to deal with, and the people there are determined to make a new beginning. 8. The people there are determining to make a new beginning.

9. All his work was on vain. 10. The students give lectures by turn. 11. The little boy is doing physic exercise. 12. The greed boy ate up all the cakes. 13. The hero sacrificed his life saving the whole world in the film. 14. The behaviors of the parents always have great effects to their children.

1.All their attempts to rescue the child from the
burning building were He died soon afterwards. A. in place B. in return C. in vain D. in order 2.It is not a serious illness. I guess she will _____ soon. A. remove B. recover C. replace D. reduce 3.There are ______that a new, different South is coming out of its dark past. A. marks B. symbols C. signs D. signals

4.We’ve decided to a trip for a new car, as we
haven’t got enough money for both. A. sacrifice B. take C. replace D. contribute 5.We offered these students a summer course, aimed improving their spoken English. A. to B. in C. at D. for 6. What the athlete needed to do now was to put her ___ times behind her and win the game. A. suffering B. troubled C. suffered D. troubling

7. They have made some improvements in the ___ of human rights.
A. area B. entry C. unrest D. dawn 8. The interview had gone well and, ___ the fact that there had been three other candidates, the job was hers. A. though B. however C. while D. despite 9. This year has ___ a big increase in road accidents. A. seen B. overcome C. resisted D. supplied

10. It’s ___ to be invited to speak here.
A. honor B. honors C. a honor D. an honor 11. But the main problem ___ deeper and will take longer to solve. A. runs B. stays C. turns D. grows 12. There are some encouraging signs ___ the farmers may benefit from the new program. A. if B. that C. whether D. /

13. She felt very nervous, with so many eyes ________ on her.
A. were fixed B. were fixing C. fixed D. fixing 14. The brave soldiers ______ their lives _____ our country in the past years. A. sacrificed; at B. sacrifices; for C. have sacrificed; for D. are sacrificing, to 15. The teacher let their students see English movies ______ improving their listening. A. aim to B. aimed at C. aiming at D. aiming to

16. Thomas is even ____ ____ the money than his
father. A. more greedy; for B. greedier; for C. greedier; to D. greedier; of 17. Young as he is, Han Han has already _______ a few books. A. put away B. put up C. put out D. put through

18. Ever since the graduation from high school,
he ______ to find ways _____ more money. A. has struggled; to make B. struggled; to making C. has struggled; in making D. struggled; of making 19. He _____ to shoot _____ the president, but he failed. A. planned; at B. planned; / C. had planned; at D. had planned; /

20. Both the pink and the blue dresses are pretty,
but I prefer the _________. A. earlier B. beginner C. former D. first 21. As time goes by, many companies have replaced ______ with ______ ones. A. the new computers; old B. the old computers; new C. the new computer; old D. the old computer; new

THE ON THE PLAINS OF AMERICA BISON
Massive head and forequarters covered with long, dark brown woolly hair. Short broad forehead, short neck, and high humped shoulders, with tufted tail. Long hairs of chin form long beard. Hips and hindquarters are much smaller and without long hair thus forming a distinct slope from hump to tail. Some stand six feet at the shoulder and weigh as much as a ton. Have short, sharp, upcurved horns. Shaggy winter coat falls off in patches in spring; color is dark brown in winter, lighter in summer.

Where did the first settlers on the plains of America come from?
30,000 years ago… cross a land bridge from…to…

How did the Native Americans make a living?
by gathering roots, nuts and wild fruits by hunting wild animals

What kind of animal is it ?
They also hunted bison. The adult of this animal grows to a shoulder-height of 1.5 meters and can weigh 1,100 kilograms. They live on the plains of America. What kind of animal is it ?

The bison were of great importance to Native Americans.
Why ? meat  fur  skins  bones  teeth  food clothing tents & water containers tools necklaces Relationship between Native Americans and bison?

Now the _________ of bison became more ___________
Now the _________ of bison became more ___________. They killed the bison, cut _____ the skins and left the bodies ________ to rot. The bison skins were sent by rail to cities to be sold. As a result, the bison ____________ is thought to ___________ from 60 million __ just a few hundred. killing widespread off behind population have fallen to

What effect did it have on bison?
The population of the bison decreased sharply, falling from 60 million to a few hundred.

What result did the killing bring about?
It changed the wildlife chain on the plains.

What was the big change in the wildlife？ more birds & prairie dogs
Let’s take a look at the wildlife chain of the plains. What was the big change in the wildlife？ grew strongly not grow strongly More insects died out not enough food more wolves more birds & prairie dogs less food

The balance of nature was broken.
How was the whole wildlife chain of the plains changed? The balance of nature was broken. Settlers _____ bison No_______ ______ fell on the grass bison waste The ______ became poorer soil killed _____ stopped eating the grass The _______ grew less well grass bison Fewer ______ Fewer prairie dogs birds Fewer ______ Fewer _______ Fewer _______ plants wolves insects

In what ways did European settlers treat the Native Americans unfairly?
The settlers killed the Native Americans. They mainly spoke English. They broke agreements they had made. They forced Indians to leave their hunting ground. They built railways across the plains. They forced Indians onto poor land. They killed most of the bison which Native Americans had relied on.

F F T T F 2.( ) Native Americans willingly gave up land
True or false statements. F 1.( ) The first settlers on the plains were farmers. 2.( ) Native Americans willingly gave up land to the settlers. 3.( ) The settlers did not deal honestly with the Native Americans. 4.( ) Settlers ended up with better land than 5.( ) Later settlers made use of the bison in the same way as the Native Americans. Native Americans. F were forced to give up T T F The Native Americans

1. ________ caused a big change in
the wildlife on the plains? A. the killing of large numbers of bison B. The building of railways C. The war between native Americans and European settlers D. Native Americans hunting many animals for good

2. Which of the following is RIGHT
according to the passage? A. Native Americans willingly gave up land to the settlers B. settlers took possession of better land than the native Americans C. the first settlers on the plains were Europeans. D. the bison had the same use to the settlers as to native Americans

3. The text is ____________ .
A. An animal story B. an old tale C. a historical story D. an animal story as well as a historical story

4. It can be inferred from the
text _. A. Native Americans should have raised more bison B. the killing of bison was stopped by building railways. C. we should keep the balance of nature D. the bison is the most important part of the whole wildlife chain

All the plants, animals and human beings have a voice to speak for themselves and struggle for their rights to live on the earth！！！

Look out! Don’t cut your fingers _____.
A. across B. off C. over D. up 2. The generous boy gave the toy to his sister ____. A. willing B. unwilling C. willingly D. unwillingly 3. There are many changes in our society, please discuss _______. A. causes and affects B. causes and effects C. reasons and affects D. reasons and effects

4. The TV programs _____ people ____ a lot of fun.
A. supply; to B. supply; with C. provide; to D. provide; for 5. Bison is a type of wild animals which used to exist ____ huge numbers ___ the plains of America. A. in; in B. with; on C. in; on D. at; in 6. Mother bought _________ for me yesterday. A.two clothes B.two pieces of clothing C.two clothing D.two pieces of clothes

7. It is fashionable to drive a car, but to drive a car
is not nearly as difficult as it is imagined on condition that you ________ the specialized rules. A. give up B. stick to C. insist on D. connect to 8. John insisted what he said ________ true and we insisted that he ________ and have a look. A. be; should go B. should be; would go C. was; go D. was; would go

9. These agreements ________ both the buyers and the teller.
A. have a great effect on B. make a good effort to C. have a great affect on D. effect 10. We went to the movies first and had a bite in a French restaurant ______. A. afterwards B. therefore C. anyway D. though 11. I bought this dress for $35;it used to be $38. A. for sale B. on sale C. at sale D. in sale

P118 Exercise 2 1. resist 2. insisted 3. insisted 4. resist 1. towards 2. afterwards 3. onwards 4. downwards 5. forwards

P118 The railway owners would not take any chances, so they hired many hunters to fire wildly into the bison along the tracks. The bison were left to rot slowly where they fell. As a result, the insects which lived on these plants also died out. This in turn produced less food supply for birds, the prairie dogs and wolves.

5. Thus the change in the number of bison had an effect on the whole wildlife chain of the plains.
6. After being hunted and killed for almost 90 years, the bison were finally left alone. 7. These efforts were not in vain.

insist on put out on sale in turn in vain deal with in honor of as a result take chances leave…alone
Doctors tried _________to save him, and he died just before dawn. 2. There are a lot of people here who are afraid to _______________ and do new things. 3. Stop bothering me and just _______ me ______, will you? 4. Jack and his friends __________ playing their music late at night though it may disturb their neighbors. take chances leave alone insist on 5. As many as 35,000 people died ____________ of the earthquake and the tidal waves. as a result

insist on put out on sale in turn in vain deal with in honor of as a result take chances leave…alone
6. It took the firefighters 3 days to _________ the forest fire there. 7. I got my jacket _________ for only 40 yuan in Wangfujing Store yesterday. 8. Working outside can mean too much exposure(暴露), which _________ can lead to skin cancer. 9. A ceremony was held __________ those killed in the 9.11 attacks. 10. I’m sorry I’m late. I had an urgent call to ______. on sale in turn in honor of deal with

Ex1 (p.46) I expect more about the south of the US to be told.
I don’t want to be bothered. I don’t mind bad things being said about me. I want to be left alone. He insists on being shown respect.

Ex2 (p.46) 7 looking for 8 to put 1 interested 9 to look / looking
10 finding 11 checking 12 to interview 13 amazing 1 interested 2 knowing 3 to know 4 watching 5 to solve 6 looking

Ex1 (p.119) I would like to be taken on a trip to the US.
She asked to be given more work to do. It would be exciting to be introduced to a Native American chief. I don’t want to be shown around the city. I don’t like to be made fun of.

Ex2 (p.119) They expected the heavily polluting factories to be moved away. They advised ancient buildings to be protected. They wanted the old roads to be broadened and new wide roads to be built. I hope a park to be built in the city centre. I would like our public transportation system to be improved.

运用动名词时的注意点： a. 一些动词接-ing形式的常用说法：
it's no good /use/ fun/ pleasure/ a waste of time/ a bore+ doing It is no use crying.哭没有用。 It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。

b. There is no use (good/point/sense/harm) +doing sth. 做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性)
c. have difficulty /trouble/problem/ fun/ a good time/ a hard time + (in) +doing d. feel like + 名词　感觉像动名词 “ 想要” =would like to +原形动词

e. it's (well) worth doing
f. spend/ waste money/time in (doing) g. Generally/ Frankly/ honestly speaking,… h. Judging by/ from….,

1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 (stop, forget, remember, regret, try, mean )
注意问题 1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 (stop, forget, remember, regret, try, mean ) 1）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事　 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 2)forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）　 forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生） 3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）　 remember doing记得做过某事(已做)

4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾　 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5）try to do努力、企图做某事　 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6) mean to do打算，有意要… 　 mean doing意味着 7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）　 go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情） 8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）　 proposing doing建议（做某事）

With night ______, we hurried home.
A. to fall B. falling C. fallen D. being falling 2. He claimed _____ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A. being badly treated B. treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated

3. He has always insisted on his ____ Dr. Turner instead of Mr
3. He has always insisted on his ____ Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called 4. --What do you think of the middle school? ---It is a very good ___. A. school to study B. School to study in C. Studying school D. school for children to study

5. They set up an ____ table in a small temple to operate on the ___ soldiers. A. operating ;wounded
B. Operated ;wounding C. operated ;/wounded D. operating ;wounding 6. He asked for a piece of paper ____ and a pen _____. A. to write ;to write B. To write ;to write on C. To write on ;to write with D. writing ;writing

7. Are you going to the dinner party ____
at the hotel. A. to give B. to be given C. giving D. to giving 8. Nobody _____ tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. A. to come B. coming C. will come D. come

9.Tom kept quiet about the accident_____ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 10.Your chest needs____. You’d better have it_____ in the hospital. A. to be examined; examine B. to be examined; examined C. examining; examine D. being examined; examined

deal with its troubled past
1.处理过去遗留的麻烦 2 被驱除出土地 3在…领域落后于… 4 从过去的黑暗中走出来 5烧掉 6重建城市 7从。。恢复 8 不管战后年代和大萧条时期有多么艰难 deal with its troubled past be driven off their land be far behind… in the areas come out of its dark past burn down rebuild/ reconstruct the city recover from… despite the hardships of the post-war years and the Great Depression

African-American community take away rights aim at ending segregation
9 开发这个地区 10非裔美国人社区 11剥夺权利 12目的是要结束种族隔离制度 13目睹一连串激烈的冲突 14为纪念，为悼念 15 展示崭新的形象 16是新南部的代表 develop the area African-American community take away rights aim at ending segregation see a series of fierce fights In honor of/ in memory of display its new image be representative of the new South

be known for its friendly atmosphere
17 代替恐惧和怀疑 18 决心做某事 19 从头开始 20 因它的友好氛围而闻名于世 replace fear and doubt be determined to do sth. make a new beginning be known for its friendly atmosphere financial and commercial centers in vain A new dawn seemed to arrive. a booming / prosperous business center 21 金融商业中心 22 徒劳，白辛苦 23 一个崭新的黎明似乎来到了 24繁荣的商业中心

under laboratory conditions There are signs that…. chief engineer
25 得到广泛支持 26 主办奥运会 27 在实验室条件下 28 种种迹象表明 29总工程师 30做身心测试 31写对比性作文 32改错 be widely supported host/ be the host of the Olympic Games under laboratory conditions There are signs that…. chief engineer take physical and mental tests write a comparison essay correct the errors

be refused entry into the USA.
33 对愤怒 34 被拒绝进入美国 35贪权 36弥补失去的时间 37出售 38听其自然，别管我 39出版书 40坚持要我们对他表示尊重 be angry about sth. be refused entry into the USA. be greedy for power make up lost time on sale leave me alone put out / publish books Insist on us showing him respect

by crossing a land bridge live by collecting roots
41 穿过大陆桥 42 采集根茎为生 43 大量存在 44 被迫从原来的狩猎场迁移走 45长到肩高1.5米 46盛水容器 47 签订协议 48从1830年起 by crossing a land bridge live by collecting roots exist in huge numbers be forced to move away from their old hunting grounds grow to a shoulder-height of 1.5 m water containers make/ reach agreements with sb. from 1830 on/onwards

Native American chiefs be forced onto poor land cut off the skin
move westwards Native American chiefs be forced onto poor land cut off the skin leave the bodies behind to rot be sent by rail to cities bison waste the whole wildlife chain 49向西部迁移 50美国土著首领 51被赶到贫瘠地区 52剥皮 53 抛弃尸体，任其腐烂 54 通过铁路运到城里 55野牛粪便 56整个野生生物链

become less good for growing plants
57 长得茂盛 58 改良土壤 59 越来越不适合植物生长 60以植物为生 61结果 62轮流，反过来 63 灭绝，逐渐消失 64食物供应 grow strongly improve the soil become less good for growing plants live on these plants as a result in turn die out food supply

List similarities and differences resist laughing
66列出相似点和不同点 67忍住不笑 68失去抗病能力 69一个黑影 70严重污染环境的工厂 71拓宽老路 72最早的人口 List similarities and differences resist laughing lose the power to resist diseases a black shadow a heavily polluting factory broaden an old road original population

one by one/ little by little the best-known examples
73为腾出空间 74依次地，逐渐地 75最著名的例子 76适应现代社会 77发展一种书面语 78度过，经受 79生活贫困 80凝聚力量，强大起来 81应受尊敬 82变成 make room for ….. one by one/ little by little the best-known examples adapt to modern society develop a written language live through live in poverty gather strength deserve respect turn/ change into

P121 Integrating Skills Exercise1:
The Cheokees had built homes and farms, developed a written language and made their own laws. / For thousands of years, Native Americans lived as hunters across North America. The winter was cold and there was not much food.

3. There were millions of people, with many different cultures, religions and languages.
4. Several agreements were reached, but the government broke its promises almost every time. / Over the next three hundred years, ninety percent of America’s original population was killed by wars, diseases or starvation.

Exercise 2: They were driven off their land and even killed by the settlers. Many also died from diseases and starvation. As more European settlers arrived, the need for land increased. Today, Native Americans are beginning to receive …. of Native American culture and history.

Parents often make sacrifices for their children.
1. 父母常为子女作出种种牺牲。 Parents often make sacrifices for their children. <2. 他向那只鸟瞄准并将其击中。 He aimed at the bird and hit/ shot it. 3. 他怎么都没办法把那首诗背出来。 He tried in vain to memorize the poem. 4. 这种新词典尚未在书店上市。 The new kind of dictionary is not on sale in the bookstore. 5. 这家商店出售妇女服装。 This shop sells women’s clothing. <35>本世纪经历了两次世界大战。 ←see

They sang on the stage in turn. 7.含酒精的饮料会对你身体有很坏的影响。
6.他们依次在台上歌唱。 They sang on the stage in turn. 7.含酒精的饮料会对你身体有很坏的影响。 Alcoholic drinks can have a bad effect on your body. 8.大众传媒媒体每天把很多信息提供给我们。 The media supply lots of information to us every day. 9.我愿意帮你忙. I’m willing to help you.

Ⅱ.单句改错(每句只有一处错误) 1.Finally came the day which I began to learn in Beijing University. 2.If the sun does not rise tomorrow, what would we do? 3.Would you mind to open the window? 4.I want to have my TV set to be repaired. 5.Walk home from school, we saw an old friend in the street. 6.Since she didn’t come to school yesterday, she must be ill at home.

7.The price of living things has been gone up all the time.
8.I didn’t mind their coming late to the lecture, but I objected their making so much noise. 9.The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground, it brought her heart to her mouth. 10.Having not been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.

Unit 16 The United States of America.

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Unit 16 The United States of America.

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